(TIỂU LUẬN) AN INVESTIGATION INTO PROBLEMS OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES AND SOME SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS

HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES  SUBJECT: SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES AN INVESTIGATION INTO PROBLEMS OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES AND SOME SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS Instructor:PhạmVănKhanh Group members: VõHàTrúc Ly – 19131083 PhạmThịHằng – 19131044 Ho Chi Minh City, May 15, 2021 A Introduction Vietnam in particular and Southeast Asian countries, in general, are on the rise, with amazing achievements but also have significant consequences And today, we take an investigation into the problems of Viet Nam with three SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES specifically The Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia They both have some similar problems The first one is about traffic jams and traffic accidents in Viet Nam and The Philippines These countries are developing quite fast thanks to the prosperity of the economy and social life, but the transport sector does not seem to keep up with the requirements of the times The current traffic safety situation has reached a red alert level and is classified as a "high ranking" in Southeast Asia Therefore, this problem is a top concern of the whole society The second problem is about the covid pandemic of Viet Nam and … The covid 19 epidemic is a big threat to all countries in the world With the rapid spread and complicated symptoms, the covid 19 epidemics has been and is the top concern of everyone And the last problem is about climate change of Viet Nam and … It is always a hot topic of debate which is not a problem of a particular country All problems listed above are very urgent and practical, so it is necessary to have a more specific and detailed about those problems, then give suitable solutions to solve those situations B Body Traffic of Vietnam and The Philippines 1 Traffic situations of these countries a Vietnam Viet Nam is known as a country with the most stable political situation in Southeast Asia and around the world However, the traffic situation in our country is very unstable, traffic accidents and traffic jams happen too many The website Seasia has released data on the rate of car ownership per 1,000 people in Southeast Asian countries Accordingly, Brunei topped the list with 721 vehicles, followed by Malaysia with 443 and Thailand with 225, Vietnam near the bottom of the list with only 23 cars/1000 people According to the list of ASEAN states, Brunei has 971 cars per 1,000 inhabitants, while Malaysia has 897 cars In addition, Thailand has a rate of 548 vehicles, followed by Indonesia with 499 vehicles.…It can be seen that despite not owning a large number of cars, the traffic situation in Viet Nam is still very bad In detail, the traffic situation in Vietnam in general and in big cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City is very unstable, the problem of traffic jams, traffic accidents occur continuously, causing much pain to the public and people It can be seen clearly that in Ho Chi Minh City – a big city of Viet Nam, one of the cities known for having some of the worst traffic congestion in the world Traffic congestion is so terrible that during rush hour, to get to a building only a few hundred meters from where one is standing, it can take an hour b The Philippines Traffic jam is always a problem for Manila, Philippines According to Numbeo, an organization that studies social trends, the capital of Manila of Philipines is one of the 10 most crowded cities in the world Especially, in recent years, when the Philippine economy has grown well, traffic congestion has become worse because people are racing to buy cars Auto sales in 2016 increased to a record high of 400,000 vehicles This leads the Philippines to lose up to 18 billion USD because of traffic congestion, according to JICA calculations 1.2 Solution Each country has a different solution to limit traffic congestion It is the development of the public transport system and the adjustment of tax policies in traffic From these measures, the problem of traffic congestion has been significantly reduced Specifically in France, government develop public transports Although the percentage of French people using personal cars is high, it is on a decreasing trend At the same time, the means of public transport increased steadily every year from 56% Public transport has become increasingly attractive thanks to its ever-improving services and attractive prices Priority and preferential policies of local governments have contributed to the expansion of the public transport system plus Public transport enterprises are facilitated to develop and stand firmly in the lives of urban residents The development of public transport is also the result of improved services People are willing to switch from private cars to collective transport when service providers ensure three criteria: speed, punctuality, and high frequency of operation The efficiency of public transport has its price, of course: it accounts for a third of inter- community spending and about a quarter of the cost of regions The replacement of cars with other means of transport is an inevitable fundamental trend This movement also started a new trend of public transport in many European countries such as the UK, Italy, and Germany, with different rhythms 1.3 Reflect We all believe that having subway systems in areas that have dense population will help us improve traffic congestion and problems related Moreover, this solution is very suitable and effective to apply on different countries in other religions The construction of the subway system is no longer strange or difficult to because the governments of the above countries have also been planning to implement it in the near future It can be found that it is the most effective way to solve traffic congestion and accidents and many other problems at the same time The metro is an important means of transport for developed cities, where planners have to deal with problems of traffic congestion and pollution Most metro stations are designed as commercial centers with free wireless networks, supermarkets, retail stores, and vending machines Therefore, people can combine moving and shopping comfortably from one place to another without having to worry about it being rainy or windy All metro trains are also powered by electricity, so they are completely free from emitting toxic gases that cause greenhouse effects and other negative impacts on the environment The Metro system also helps significantly reduce noise, making a significant contribution to protecting living space for people Not only that, the metro system also reduces the need for parking spaces for personal vehicles, thereby increasing the urban land area to be used for community purposes such as green parks, urban areas public entertainment, etc Thanks to these utilities that the subway brings to us, we can reduce traffic congestion, improve people's quality of life, attracts passengers, and bring profits to operators and promotes the development of the city Covid pandemic Covid concept Corona virus is a new virus strain that has never appeared in humans, whose name comes from Latin origin Corona virus is a virus that is surrounded by spikes on the outside, interacting with receptors on cells, following a mechanism similar to keys and locks, thereby allowing the virus to enter inside Outbreak in late December 2019, originating in a seafood market in Hunan, Wuhan, Central China, the Corona virus was initially confirmed as a type of "strange pneumonia" or "unknown pneumonia" reason" After only 100 days of appearance, the acute respiratory infection caused by Corona virus quickly affected the economic and social fields, the financial market wobbled, the global economy fell into a recession with a high rate of inflation Unemployment and poverty are unprecedented in history 4 2.2 The impact of the virus on Vietnam and some countries in Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia a Vietnam The covid epidemic in Vietnam has gone through stages Stage1: On the evening of January 23 (29 New Year of the Rat), Cho Ray Hospital (HCMC) confirmed the first patients (patients) positive for the new strain of Corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in Vietnam Stage 2: Cases imported from abroad After more than 20 days with no new cases, on the evening of March 6, Hanoi City convened an emergency meeting and confirmed the city's first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, also the 17th case of Vietnam Vietnam officially entered phase of the epidemic with most cases returning from Europe, the US and other countries Stage 3: Risk of spreading in the community, losing track of F0 Two outbreaks with a very high risk of community transmission at this stage are the one at Bach Mai Hospital (Hanoi) and Buddha Bar (HCMC) Stage 4: Influenced by India's covid epidemic, the epidemic broke out around the beginning of May with the largest outbreak in BacGiang affecting students' learning, the economy of companies b Indonesia Despite the recommendations of the Indonesian Government and especially the overwhelming information about the outbreak in the mosques of Malaysia, believers in Indonesia still flock to and jostle each other in the mosques in Indonesia The Indonesian government has so far been adamant about not going into a nationwide lockdown, citing economic factors That is also the reason that in September 2020, Indonesian Health Ministry data showed that there were 3,861 new cases, the highest level since the outbreak of the disease, bringing the total number of cases here to 207,203 cases The number of deaths also increased by 120 cases to 8,456 cases, the highest in Southeast Asia In the capital Jakarta, more than 1,000 cases of COVID-19 are recorded every day, Doctors warn that the epidemic situation is still not under control and the intensive care rooms are almost operating at full capacity 2.3 Solutions to prevent covid Currently, the Covid-19 pandemic is the most worrying and dangerous threat in the world Current statistics show that hundreds and millions of people have been infected with the virus; moreover, the corona virus is also an obsession because it is destructive and genocidal, we must have seen many people die because of this dangerous pandemic Scenes of separation, mother away from children, wife away from husband are daily occurrences Therefore, each of us, personally, has an important responsibility in contributing to the fight against the epidemic Protecting your health is for you, for others, for your family, and for society with measures: + Face mask + Disinfection + Range + Do not gather + Health declaration 2.4 Reflect COVID-19 is transmitted in people through direct, indirect contact (through contaminated objects or surfaces), or close contact with an infected person through secretions from the mouth and nose So, although the above measures are small actions, they can protect themselves from the epidemic area Some people think that when wearing a mask, they can gather and stand next to each other, but droplets containing Corona virus fly out from the mouth of the sick person when they cough, sneeze, talk and can fly away for about up to meters away Moreover, this virus can also stay on surfaces such as tables, chairs, doors, so we should clean up where we live In addition, after returning from the epidemic area, it is necessary to go to local medical facilities to declare, check body temperature and monitor health as well as must comply with the isolation order, self-quarantine at home for at least 14 days, limit contact and wear a mask when in contact with others Because this virus has a long incubation period, so to avoid affecting others, be more aware In short, these are appropriate and necessary measures for countries with epidemics Old business has a saying: "Prevention is better than cure" Therefore, let's join hands to prevent the epidemic before it happens to us By doing well the 5K MESSAGE set forth by the Ministry of Health 3.Climate change According to recent predictions by scientists, global warming will have a significant impact on labor efficiency and productivity in the countries of Southeast Asia, before 2045 increasing will increase the possibility of "heat stress" year by year This not only negatively affects the health of workers, but it also has extremely negative effects on the economy In which,Thailand and Vietnam at 12% 3.1 Climate change of Vietnam and Thailand a Vietnam In recent years, research on the effects of climate change has also pointed out many issues that need attention, for example, 2017 was the year with an unusually high number of storms affecting our country (16 storms) According to the calculation of the Central Steering Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control and the General Statistics Office, the damage is about 38.7 trillion VND, equivalent to 2.7 billion USD The impact of climate change on production is most evident in the agricultural sector In Vietnam with the characteristics of Southeast Asia's humid tropical monsoon climate, in agricultural production, rice is the main crop, the influence of climate change on annual rice production accounts for the largest proportion Drought and saltwater intrusion affect thousands of hectares of rice damaged Climate change also affects urban development, industrial zones and housing The study shows that the coastal areas are mainly affected by storms, the mountainous areas are affected by flash floods, cyclones, and landslides, the midlands and plains are mainly affected by floods, cyclones, and hail b Thailand Climate change, sea level rise, coastal erosion, weak clay a combination of many factors are threatening the Thai capital Along with massive urban development, Bangkok with more than 10 million people is sinking by 1-2cm/year, most areas are already below sea level In the rainy season of 2011, this place suffered the heaviest flood in decades, lasting for months, severely affecting people's lives Around October every year, the northeastern part of Thailand is usually completely green Agriculture in the provinces in this region relies on monsoons However, this year, in many plantations, agarwood trees have died in mass because of drought and flood Yom river - which supplies water to four major districts in this country is exhausted to the point where there is no longer a drop of water, all is just a scary dry land Even the Thai newspaper admits it and likens this place to "the new desert of Thailand" The loss just now has led to the Thai people suffering from severe water shortage 8 3.2 Solutions a Improve and upgrade infrastructure Experts say that infrastructure accounts for nearly a quarter of greenhouse gas emissions on Earth Therefore, the improvement of environmentally friendly infrastructure will help improve climate change In addition, the convenient transportation system will also play a small part in reducing the amount of emissions emitted by vehicles into the environment Industrial parks need scientific planning and exhaust gas treatment to reduce the amount of environmental pollution b Limit the use of fossil fuels Using fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas is causing a huge greenhouse effect c Protecting forest resources Currently, deforestation is increasing not only in our country but also in the world Therefore, preventing deforestation will help protect natural resources In addition, we need to raise awareness, plant trees; Do not discharge waste into the environment to protect this precious natural resource 3.3 Reflect In fact, climate change is a natural phenomenon we cannot prevent it completely, but the measures we mentioned above can slow down the rapid development For the Infrastructure Upgrade solution This is a measure to reduce greenhouse effect in Vietnam that has not been really focused due to economic and financial conditions With this measure, it is necessary to build friendly houses, upgrade roads to reduce greenhouse gases Governments in Vietnam should pay more attention and invest in raw materials as well as measures to ensure people's safety 9 For the method of limiting the use of fossil fuels, if we Burn fossil fuels, it produces acids such as sulfuric, carbonic and nitric, etc These substances are more likely to form acid rain and affect the regions nature and destroy the environment So, in our opinion, this is a necessary solution and everyone should follow it, instead of using fossil fuels we can use solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy … Referring to the climate, we cannot help but mention the issue of protecting forest resources, because this is the method that helps control the most greenhouse gas (CO2) These are necessary and appropriate methods for mitigating climate change In addition to leadership, the people must also be aware of the issue of climate change as the climate is developing and we need to prevent it C Conclusion In conclusion, encountering different problems is inevitable for each country and all countries around the world are the same like that The most important point here is that we know what our country's real problems are, thereby finding the right solutions to prevent or thoroughly solve them They may be difficult or easy, but we believe that as long as people try and unite, everything will pass D Reference [1]:https://m-nhipsongdoanhnghiep.cuocsongantoan.vn/the-gioi/dong-nam-a-lam-gi-decham-dut-tinh-trang-tac-nghen-giao-thong-toi-te-3421707.amp [2]:http://vi.swewe.net/word_show.htm/? 730915_8&Tàu_điện_ngầm Giao_thông_đường_sắt_đô_thị_đại_chúng_(tàu_điện_ngầ m)_hệ_thống [3]:http://www.csgt.vn/m/tintuc/2337/Kinh-nghiem-chong-un-tac-giao-thong-o-mot-soquoc-gia.html [4]:https://123docz.net/document/1573191-bao-cao-khoa-hoc-nguyen-nhan-gay-untac-giao-thong-va-nhung-giai-phap-han-che.htm 10 [5]:https://vtc.vn/thai-lan-phat-hien-loat-ca-mac-bien-the-covid-19-moi-nguy-cotai-bung-phat-dich-ar605459.html [6]:https://hutbephotsach.com/hieu-ung-nha-kinh-la-gi-nguyen-nhan-va-cach-khacphuc-hau-qua.htm l [7]: https://www.nguoiduatin.vn/bo-y-te-tang-cuong-cac-bien-phap-phong-chong-dichcovid-19-a491672.html ... particular and Southeast Asian countries, in general, are on the rise, with amazing achievements but also have significant consequences And today, we take an investigation into the problems of Viet... three SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES specifically The Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia They both have some similar problems The first one is about traffic jams and traffic accidents in Viet Nam and. .. efficiency of public transport has its price, of course: it accounts for a third of inter- community spending and about a quarter of the cost of regions The replacement of cars with other means of transport