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TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE - SO 10 - TRUaNG BAI HQC PHAM VAN B Q N G THBET K t VA CHIE TAO MAY GIEO H ^ T TREN LUONG Xy" DONG Trucmg Quang DUng', Phgm Thanh Phf T6M TAT Mdy gieo hgt tren luong tu dpng Id mpt nhOng thiet bi nhdm de tdng ndng sudt vd chdt luang sdn phdm khdu gieo cay giong vd cdy rau hi$n Viec nghien ciru thiet ki, che tgo de ndng cao ndng sudt may gieo hgt tif dpng tren luong co tinh cdp thiet vd thai sy^ Mpi nhirng thong so dnh huang quan trpng den ndng sudt mdy gieo hgt tu dpng tren luong la thai gian hut hgt, luc hut vd vgn tdc chuyen dpng cua xe Bdi bdo ngy tdc gid giai thiiu ket qua thiet ki, che tgo mdy gieo hgt tren luong tu dpng: Thiit ki ca khi, thiit ki bp phgn dieu khiin vd cuoi ciing cho mpt sdn phdm "Mdy gieo hgt tren luong tu dpng " hodn chinh Tir khda: Mdy gieo hgt, may ndng nghiip, robot gieo LDATVANDE Trong nganh ndng nghifip trdng trgt dac bifit cayrau,vific gieo trdng thu hoach can mgt lugng ldn nhan cdng lao ddng, nhung hifin cac khu cdng nghifip khdng ngiing hinh phat trien da thu hut mgt lugng ldn nhan cdng d cac vCing ndng thdn lam thifiu hyt ngudn lao dgng chinh d day Vdi cac khd khan do, viec dau tu may mdc thay thfi lao ddng ehan tay la rat can thifit Vdi cac may mdc nhap khau, gia cao vugt ngoai kha nang kinh tfi cua ndng dan, nfin hg khdng cd kha nang dau tu hoac dau tu nhd le Tren thi trudng va ngoai nudc cd ba loai may gieo hat phd bifin !a: may gieo kieu dfing hgc (kifiu ehan khdng); kifiu true cudn va may gieo kieu dia [6], [7] May gieo kifiu true cudn vdi kfit cau dan gian nhung dp chinh xac gieo thap va nang suat thap May gieo kieu dia nghieng cd uu difim hon so vdi loai may gieo kfi tren bdi kfit cau may dan gian, cd thfi dfi dang thay ddi dia gieo dfi gieo cac loai hat khac vdi chinh xac gieo cao Tuy nhifin phai mit cdng thifit kfi va gia cdng dTa gieo rit tdn kem Trong ba kifiu may trfin, may gieo kifiu ehan khong cd tinh uu viet han hin vi cd thfi gieo vdi chinh xac, nang suit cao va cd the ap dyng vdi nhifiu loai hat khac khdng phai thiet kfi qua nhifiu dTa gieo Tuy nhien kfit ciu ciia may gieo kifiu ehan khdng cua cac nudc phat trifin rat phiic tap, gia cao va chi ^ dung thuan lgi vdi nhung viing chuyfin canh ldn [3] Vi vay img dung nguyfin ly dfi chfi tao loai may gieo ehan khong dan gian, theo nguyfin ly ca hgc dfi ap dung vao thuc tifin vdi gia thap, kfit cau dan gian ap dyng cho tit ca cac hd gia dinh va lihung viing chuyfin canh Idn Tir nhirng ly trfin ehung tdi "Thiet ke vd che tgo may gieo hgt tren luong lu dpng" nham dap iing nhiing yfiu cau thuc tifin va tang nang suat lao ddng Kfit qua nghifin ciiu phye vy cho san xuat ndng nghifip, trudc hfit la may gieo cd nhd phye vu cho hd gia dinh cd y nghTa thuc tien cao, sau dd phat trifin may ca Idn phuc vu cho san xuat ldn • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 77 TAP CHl KHQA HQC VA CONG NGHE - SQ 10 - TRU'O'NG BAI HQC PHAM VAN B Q N G DOI TU'ONG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClJtJ 2.1 D^i tucnig nghien c ^ - Nghifin ciiu ly thuyfit ve may gieo - Nghifin cim cac may gieo hat tu dgng kifiu ehan khdng da thiet kfi va chfi tao d va ngoai nudc 2.2 Phinrag phdp nghifin ciru Thyc hifin theo phuang phap ket hgp giiia ly thuyfit va thyc nghi?m Cy thfi: - Nghifin cuu cac tai lieu Ufin quan nham tdng hgp chgn phucmg an va thifit kfi mdy gdm: phin co va phin difiu khien - Chfi tao may va thyc hi?n mfi hinh trdng rau dfi kifim ehung NQI DUNG NGHIEN CUU Cac tham sd thifit kfi diu vao: - Gieo dugc cac loai hat rau theo yfiu cau - Van tdc di chuyfin may gieo hat: 5m/phiit - Kich thudc 15000x1000x50 mm Ddi vdi may gieo hat tren ludng ty ddng, tham sd vin tdc rit quan trgng anh hudng dfin ndng suit cua mdy, van tdc gieo anh hudng tdi khoang each gieo ciia may, van tdc cang nhanh thi khoang each hang cang Idn va ngugc lai Dfi chgn dOng ca di$n, can tfnh cdng suit can thifit Ggi N- cdng suit tai, TI- hi$u suit truyfin d§ng, ' ' N Ncl - cdng suat can thifit Ta co: N^^ = — + Cong suat tai: ^=I:1^ = 1^^2M^ = 1,3096.W-HW 1000 1000 = 1,3096W Trong dd: P ^ 16,37 (N): Luc tac dyng cua may Ifin be mat ludng V = 5m/phiit ^ 0,08 (m/s): VSn tdc di chuyfin may gieo hat + Hifiu suat truyfin dfing: Tl ^ r|xich rf^d ]Hn.T]khdp n5j m: sd cap d lan (m = I); Tra "bang 2-1 [4]" ta cd: ludng; 3.1 Thief ke ca Myc tifiu thifit kfi la may cd thfi dam bao dugc cac chuyfin ddng de gieo dugc hat xudng bfi mat ludng thdng qua bg difiu khifin va ddng co hiit hat Mdt nhiing tham s6 anh hudng quan trgng dfin nang suit may la thdi gian hut hat, lyc hiit va van tdc chuyfin dgng cua true hiit ciiaxe Hifiu suat ciia bg truyfin xich dfi hd: Tixich-0,93 Hifiu suat cua cac cap d lan: T16 lan =0,995 Hieu suat ciia ndi true: r|kh6pnoi= Hifiu suat ciia toan bg he thfing la: 71 = 0,93.0,995'.I =0,09 Vay cdng suat cin thifit la: 1,3096 3.1.1 Dgng Ctf dan dgng > JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • , TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - SO 10 - TRU'O'NG BAI HQC PHAM VAN PQNG Dfi he thfing lam vific dugc thi cfing suit dgng ca phai thda man: Njc > Net ta chgn d$ng ca din true hiit va banh xe la dgng ca dign mgt chieu Oriental motor 31K15GN-C (hinh 1) cd uu va nhugc difim nhu sau: Uu diim: Md men xoan ldn, dfi difiu khifin, ldm vific dn dinh d mgi cip dfi (trong phEim vi dieu khifin), gia Nhuac diem: Dap iing c h ^ m^ch dieu khifin phiic tap; dai tfic dg difiu khifin hep Ta lgi cd: P = F/Act; Act = TLT>C?IA; Trong dd: D, Dd la dudng kinh dng hiit (m) - QQci; Ta c6: Qct = v.A (m'); A = irD^M; voi A = -.(l,5.10"^) =1,77.10^''(m^j Cong thiic lien he giiia ap suat va vant6c: P = ^-—^v=\—(mis) '^ p ^ ' _„, *• , Thay vao (*) ta dupe: (*) |2.3,125.10' \ 10.1,2 The vao ta dupe: Qa = V.A = 722.1,77.10"" = 0,13(m=) Vay luu lupng can thiSt cho vong dpng ca la: Qn = 0,13 (m Vvong) - Ta ehpn loai quat hiit FEG Electric Blower (MOD.EG -103) lam dpng ca hiit hat voi thong s6 ky thuat nhu sau: - V = 220V (Hieu dien th6 vao) f=50H2 P = 600W n = 0-13000 RPM Q = 2,8ni'/v6ng • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 79 TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE - SO 10 - TRU'ONG PAl HQC PHAM VAN B O N G Vi tai trgng khdng ldm va v0n tdc nhd, nfin ta chgn xich dng lan Xich dng lan cd dg bfin cao han xich dng vd de chfi tao hon xich rdng Dfi tuih toan va chgn tham sd cua dia xich ta d i ^ vdo cac thdng sd hinh hgc ciia bg truyfin xich trang 102 [7] Sau tinh todn cdc thdng so hinh hpc cua bd truyen xich ong ldn duprc chpn: (huih 3) - Sd rang, dirdng kinh, sd vdng quay cua dia xich: Hinh Quat hut FEG Electric Blower (MOD.EG-103) Bac diim cua ddng ea hut: Vu diem: Luu lugng ldn, ap lyc cao, tifiu tdn it nang lugng Dfi tang cudng ludng radt each don gidn ta chi cin difiu chinh mit van trfin bfi difiu khien, gid thap Nhuac diim: Gay tifing dn, tao rung cho may nfin han chfi tdc di chuyen ciia may 3.1.3 Thilt ke bg truyfin cua mdy Dfi tgo chuyfin ddng cua mdy trfin bfi mat ludng; ngudi thifit kfi chgn bg truyfin xich (hinh 3) vdi uu va nhugc difim nhu sau: + DTa din cd sd rang Zi = 12 rang, dudng kinh vong chia dia xich di ^ 25mm, ni = 40 vdng/phiit + Dia bi ddn cd sd rang Z2 = 41 rSng, dudng kinh vdng chia dia xich di = 85mm, ni = 12 vdng/phiit - Budc xich t = 6.5mm, khodng cdch true A = 204mm, ty sd truyfin I = 3,42 - Mac xich X = 90, chifiu dai xich L = X.t = 6,5.90 = 585mm Trong dd: T: day mac xich (mm), n: sd vdng quay (vdng/phiit), a: khoang cdch trye (mm), F: luc cdng day xich (N) Uu diem: Cd thfi truyfin ddng giiJa hai trye song song cdch tuong doi xa Khdng cd hifin tugng tnrgt, ti sd truyen trung binh dn dinh Lyc tac dung Ifin trye va d nhd Nhuac diim: Cd tifing dn lam vific va dap vao khdp nfin han chfi su dyng bd tmyfin d tdc cao Hmh Bo truy en xich (I.Ddy xich; l.Dia xich nho: 3.Dia xich ldn) 80 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAPCHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE-SO 10-TRUONG OAI HOC PHAM V A N DONG 3.1.5 Bo phiin hiit \a nha hat 3.1.4 Khung ma> \ cjc ihdng so ky ihuat han dau cua ludng la 15000xl0()0x50nim Than nia> dirac ihiei kc clan gian: Che lao ur nhimg ilianh inox dc giam can nang nhimg rai chac ciian tao duoc ben cao cho ^an pham cac mo.\ lien kcl \ai bauL! cac iiidi han i hmh 4) H:>;l,^ Bo phan hui \a nha hat gom bo ]a_\ \a nlia hat dupe thici kc gom nioi rong duoc gan cac kim nho co kha nang la> hat iu klia} dimg hang luc hut cua dong ca hut hut hat vao dau kim \a nha chmh \ac vat* ca^ ong bo hat nhd mdt bo phan ngat luc hut ihinh 5] B.,i:\:.;h'hiokh!nv^nh Bo plian hut hat / ==- • JOURNAL C r S C m N G t - N C 'EC^NOLOO' TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - S6 10 - TRUQfNG BAI HQC PHAM VAN BONG 3.1.6 Banh xe gieo (Ruld mem) Difim thifit kfi k5* thu^t quan trgng cua mdy chinh nam d Ruld mfim nay, lam nfin tinh nSng vugt trdi, giup may gieo hat cd khd nang di chuyfin tfit vd vugt chudng ng^i v$t linh hoat Ruld mfim gfim ca ciu true, dia va ddy vdng FTinh Bdn ve chi tgo mdng dyng hgt 3.2 Thiit ki difiu khifin 3.2.1 Chgn phinmg dn dilu khifin O ddy ta di tim hifiu ba phuang an difiu khifin: - Difiu khien dimg vi xir 1^ - Difiu khifin dung PLC - Difiu khifin bang chifit dp Hinh Ruld mim giQa day vang cd cdc Id xo dan hdi va udn cong giiip day vang thay ddi dugc chieu dai dgng Vdi difim thifit kfi nhu vdy dudi trgng lugng cua mdy, ruld mfim ludn ap sat vdi m^t ludng, do giup may di chuyfin tfii uu trfin ca cdc mat ludng cong vdng md khdng hi trugt vd khdng ldm hdng vdng ciia ludng 3.1.7 Mang di^g hat Mdng dung hat phai thifit kfi cd nghieng giup hat tap trung d diu mang tao thudn Igi dfi kim hiit h^t chuin hon Sau nghifin cuu uu va nhugc difim ciia cac loai phuong dn difiu khifin tren ta thiy dung vi xij Iy thi gid thdnh re, dfi difiu khifin nhung bj nhifiu lam vific mfii trudmg cd rung dgng manh, tinh dn dinh khdng cao, PLC thi dfi dieu khifin, tinh dn dinh cao nhung gid cao, cdc van difiu khien nhifiu khd thay thfi gap su cd Cdn difiu khifin bdng chifit ap thi gia thdnh re, tinh dn dinh tuang dfii cao, linh kifin thay thfi dfi tim cd sy cd Difiu khifin dfi dang bing num xoay, difiu chinh tdc dd tron va ddi r^ng Do ta thiy chgn phuang dn difiu khifin bang chiet dp phii hgp vdi mdu mdy thifit kfi » JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY « TAP CHl KHQA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - SQ 10 - TRU&NG BAI HQC PHAM VAN DQNG 3.2.2 Mach dilu khifin Hifin cd nhifiu module difiu khifin dgng ca nhu L298, L298N, L298V3 nhung yfiu cdu vfi tinh linh hoat, vfi dfi chinh xdc qua trinh ldm vific ciia mdy vd may lam cd tinh iing dyng tdt nen ta chgn bg difiu khifin SPEED CONTROL UNIT (US 590-02) Bg difiu khifin khdng nhiing difiu khifin tdc dgng ca md nd cdn bifin ddi difin dp xoay chifiu thdnh mdt chifiu cung cap cho ddng ca Vi the bg difiu khifin la bg difiu khifin trung tam cho may vdi diu vao !a ddng xoay chifiu Thdng sd ky thu^t: Hinh Mgch dieu khien KET QUA KHAO NGHIEM VA BAN L U ^ 4.1 Anh hudng cua v§n tdc Van tdc gieo dnh hudng tdi khodng cdch gieo cua mdy, v ^ tdc cang nhanh thi khoang each hang cang ldn vd ngugc l?i Mudn difiu chinh tdc dd gieo ta difiu chinh tdc motor thdng qua bg difiu khifin Model NO: 4IK25RGN Tdc do: 50Hz: 90 ~ 1350rpm, 60Hz: 90 ~ 1650rpm Chuc ndng: Difiu khifin Thuong hifiu: ZDMOTOR Theo thifit kfi ta chgn ddng ca vdi sd vdng quay Id 40 vdng/phiit Mgt vdng quay cua motor tao hai chuyen dgng lac cho true hiit tuc Id trye hut hiit hat tli mang va nha vao chua dng bd h^t diing mgt chu ky Difinthfi:110V,220V Gdc: Cixi, Zhejiang, Trung Qudc Vdi so vdng quay 40 vdng/phiit cua ddng ca se tsto 80 T/phut (T: chu ky lac ciia true hiit) va se tao dugc 40 hdng/phiit tuong iing vdi sd hat dugc gieo xudng bfi mat ludng la x 40 = 240 hat/phiit Ti sd tmyfin ciia xich thifit kfi la ix = 3,42 Theo tinh todn thi ddng co cd sd vdng quay la 40 vdng/phiit sau qua bg truyfin xich truyfin cho bdnh xe gieo thi sd vdng quay cua banh xe gieo cdn 12 vdng/phiit Ta cd cdng thuc tinh nhu sau: Hinh Bp dieu khien 40 ai,696vg/ph " 3,42 = 12vg / ph • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 83 TAP CHl KHQA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - SQ 10 - TRyQNG BAI HQC PHAM VAN BQNG > Suy quang dudng ma bdnh xe Ifin 12 vong la: S = n;rD-12.3,14.130 = 4898,4mm ia 5m > Khoang cdch giiia hang gieo: A" = - = — = 0,125m = 12,5cm n 40 Trong do: D: Dudng kinh bdnh xe (mm) K: Khoang cdch giira h^ng gieo (don vi phu thuoc vao dan vi ciia S) n: sd hang gieo/phiit Thifit ke ban diu ciia ludng 15000x1000x50 mm theo dd ta cd chieu ddi ludng Id 15000mm tuang img vdi 15m, ma phiit may gieo dugc 40 hang tuong ling vdi 240 hat chifiu ddi 5m, mdi hang cdch 12,5cm Vdi dien tich 15x1 = I5m^ mdy gieo dugc 120 hang tucmg iing vdi 720 hat vdng phiit Vdy nang suit mdy ldm vi$c gid Id 14400 hat/gid 4.2 Kit qua khao nghifm trfin mdy dd chltao • Mdy chfi tao thuc te dfi khao nghiem: (hinh 10) a) b) Hinh 10 Mdy thuc te de khdo nghiem a) Mdy thuc ti; b) Mdy dang ldm viic ' San phim cdy rau (cai) khdo nghi?m trfin mdy gieo Hinh 11 Sdnphdm khdo nghiem a) Cdy rau con; b) Cdy rau trudng thdnh 84 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - SQ 10 - TRU'ONG PAl HOC PHAM VAN B Q N G •J* Ket qud khao n ^ e m : - Nang suit khao nghigm 14400 h^t/gid - May gieo hat ty dgng trfin luong cd nang suat 14400 hat/gid, gieo dugc cac loai hat theo thifit ke, dfi chfi tao, dfi lap dat, thdo lap vd lam vfi sinh thuan ti?n - Mdy ch?iy fim - May phii hgp cho md hinh kinh tfi - Mdy mang tdi 100% van trang trai, quy md sdn xuat ldn khfing hi rung lie - Mdy gieo hat ty dOng chay bing Difiu chinh dugc khodng cdch gieo dgng ca difin mgt chifiu 12V, dugc chinh vd cdc lo?tt h^t theo yfiu cau Iuu tir ddng difin xoay chi^u 220V Trong trudng hgp khdng cd difin ludi cung cap, KET LUAN may van cd thfi hoat dgng dugc nhd ngudn - Kfit qud nghien cuu ban dau da dien tii dc quy dua dugc mdy gieo hat ty dpng trfin ludng cd kfit cdu ggn nhe, dfi van hdnh, gid Ihanh thdp phii hgp vdi bd ndng dan TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Ho Vifit Binh, Nguyfin Nggc Dao, Cong nghe chi tgo mdy, Trudng Dai hgc Su pham Ky thuat Thanh phfi Hd Chi Minh, 2000 [2] GS.TS Tran Vdn Dich, Sd tay cong nghi che tgo mdy Tap 1.2,3, NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thuat, 2002 [3] PGS.TS Pham Dang Phudc, Cdng nghi chi tgo mdy, NXB Da Ndng, 2010 [4] Nguyfin Trgng Hifip & Nguyfin Van Lam, Thiet ki chi tiit mdy, NXB Dai hgc Qufic gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, 1999 [5] TS Nguyfin Hiiu Ldc, Co sa thiet ki mdy, NXB Dai hgc Qudc gia Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, 2004 [6] Custbuster, Total plant systems, http ://wvi'w.crustbuster com/total-plant-systems, 2016 [7] Terradonis, www.terradonis.com/pdf/catalog-seeders-en.pdf, 2017 [8] Great Plains, Planter accuracy, accuracy, 2017 http://www.greatplainsag.com/en/1503/pianter- [9] Hamilton Design, Drum seeder - Standard or MaxiPro, http://www.hamiltondesign.co.uk/drum.html, 2017 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 85 TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - SQ 10 - TRUING BAI HQC PHAM VAN B Q N G DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING AUTOMATIC GRAIN ROW SEEDERS Truong Quang Dun^, Pham Thanh Phi^ ABSTRACT Automatic grain row seeders can help increase productivity and quality of sowing plant and vegetable seeds It is therefore urgent to study, design and manufaetwe automatic grain row seeders Parameters affecting the productivity of automatic grain row seeders include the grain sucking time, the sucking force and the speed of tfw machines In this paper, we present the cksign and manufacturing concerns of automatic grain row seeders These include mechanical design and design ofthe control unit for manufacture ofthe complete "automatic grain row seeder " Keywords: Grain seeder, agricultural machines, sowing robot 'Khoa KJ thuat Cdng nghfi, Trudng Dai hgc Pham Van Dfing; Email: truongquangdungb@gmail.com ^Sinh vifin ldp DCKl 2, Khoa Ky thuat Cdng nghfi, Trudng Dai hgc Pham Van Ddng ' JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • ... Cac tham sd thifit kfi diu vao: - Gieo dugc cac loai hat rau theo yfiu cau - Van tdc di chuyfin may gieo hat: 5m/phiit - Kich thudc 15000x1000x50 mm Ddi vdi may gieo hat tren ludng ty ddng, tham... Anh hudng cua v§n tdc Van tdc gieo dnh hudng tdi khodng cdch gieo cua mdy, v ^ tdc cang nhanh thi khoang each hang cang ldn vd ngugc l?i Mudn difiu chinh tdc dd gieo ta difiu chinh tdc motor... Khoang cdch giiia hang gieo: A" = - = — = 0,125m = 12,5cm n 40 Trong do: D: Dudng kinh bdnh xe (mm) K: Khoang cdch giira h^ng gieo (don vi phu thuoc vao dan vi ciia S) n: sd hang gieo/ phiit Thifit
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