ứng dụng phương pháp thiết kế sản phẩm theo mô đun trong thiết kế máy tạo mẫu nhanh thêu kết laze

NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D I LFNG DUNG PHU'aNG PHAP THI^T KE SAN PHAM THEO WIO-DUN TRONG THI^T Ki^ M A Y T A O MAU NHANH THIEU K^T LAZER APPLYING PRODUCT DESIGNING METHOD FOR MODULARITY IN RAPID PROTOTYPING MACHINE DESIGN LASER SINTERING Lg Thanh Som, Tran Trung Kien, Nguyin Thanh Nam DCSELAB, Truong Dai hpc Bach Khoa, Dai hpc Qu6c gia TR H6 Chi Minh Nghien cim ve he thong tao mau nhanh hien Id mot huong phat tren nu&c, hien t(ii, CO rat nhieu dang cong nghe duac su dung, nghien cim ve cong nghe tao mau nhanh SLS thieu ket laser Id huong dupe quan tam nghien euu bdi bao Tao mau nhanh SLS Id mpt gidi phdp toi im dupe danh gia lua chpn so 10 cong nghe duac img dung tren the giai Bdi bao trinh bay torn tat qua trinh ung dung ly thuyet thiet ke theo mo-dun cho mdy tao mau nhanh SLS Cdc ket qud nghien cim duac trinh bay bdi bdo tap trung vdo img dung ly thuyet mo-dun, xay dimg mpt mo hinh mdy thuc phuc vii nghien cihi cong nghe voi nang suat thiet ke Id 60W Tren ca so nghien cim dat duac, sephdt trien cdc mo-dun tich hpp cho cdc dong mdy tao mau nhanh SLS mai, voi day cong suat 25W,40W,60W,120Wphuc vu nhu cdu ve thiet bi Tir khoa: Mdy tao mau nhanh; He thong tao mau nhanh; Thieu kit laser, mdy tao mau nhanh SLS; Mo-dun chuc nang; Yeu cdu chuc nang chung; He so tam quan trpng (GFR) ABSTRACT Today, research about 3D rapid prototyping system is one of development directions of our country's science There are many rapid prototyping technologies in the world In there, SLS technology (Selective Laser Sintering) is interested to research in this paper SLS is an optimal solution It is selected in 10 technology applications that are applied world-wide This paper presents briefly the modularity design theory for rapid prototyping machme using laser sintering Study results of this paper focus on applying the module theory to build a model of rapid prototyping machine that serves the technology research with design capacity 60W Based on the studies achieved, we will develop integrated modules for new SLS machine series with power range 25W, 40W, 60W, HOW, in order to serve the equipment demand Keywords: Rapid prototyping machine, rapid prototyping systems, laser sintering, rapid prototyping machine SLS, modular function, general functional requirements (GFR) '^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi V I £ T NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHltN ClJfU - TRAO D6\ QUY TRINH THIET KE THEO MdDUN THlTC HIEN CHO MAY T^O MAU May tao mlu nhanh SLS thieu ket laser NHANH SLS la mpt cong nghe mai va hien chua dupe Nghien ciiu thiet ke theo mo-dun cho bi6n nhiSu tai Viet Nam Hien nay, viec nghien ciiu umg dung may tao mau nhanh thieu ket laser may tao mhi nhanh SLS duoc xa dinh cho dong san xuat cong nghiep phuc vu phat trien cong suit 60W, cin dap ung cac yeu cku ky san pham thay th6 cho thiet bi nhap ngoai la mpt thuat: xu the moi Cong nghe thieu ket laser may SLS ciia nghien ciiu dupe thuc hien tren vat lieu - T6c dp di chuyen ciia true x, y: 900mm/s; hot nhua va dinh hucmg co the ling dung dupe - Thi tich lam viec 100x100x100 mm; cho vat lieu hot kim loai Nghien euu tong quan - He thong dieu khien: Dam bao tdc dp di ve sir tang truong nhu cau ciia the gioi ve he chuydn cua true xy; Ggt bpt dam bao bpt co thong dupe the hien qua thi hinh 1, cho thay dp xop va deu; dupe xu the may tao mau nhanh da tang manh -Nhiet dp tii 150«C-230''C; thai gian ngSn, tuang lai thi Viet - He thong Laser: Cong suat thich hpp dung Nam cung se phat trien theo xu the ciia the gioi cho cac vat lieu bpt PS; - Dp day lop: 0.08-0.3 mm; - Dp chinh xac ciia chi tiet: 100mm+/-0.5nim (0,5%); - Dp chinh xac vi tri ciia tia laser: 0.02inm GIOI THIEU Soutcg w o N n Repon 2008 Hinh 1: Do thi tdng truong so luang he thdng tao mau nhanh tren the giai Hien nay, theo thong ke cho thay duoc ling d\mg cua he thong tao mlu nhanh thilt kl to (31,7%), tao dang cong nghiep, tao mau thi nghiem (17%) va din 2020 se hoan thien nghien ciiu iing dung cho nganh Chi tao cac thilt bi hang khong Do do, viec ung dung phuong phap thilt kl theo mo-dun tren may SLS se gop phin thuc diy qua trinh hoan thien nhanh vi|c che tao cac may tao mlu nhanh nhom dap ling nhu ciu vl thilt hi Hinh 2: Nguyen ly hogt dpng tao hinh sdnphdm mdy tg.o mau nhanh SLS May tao mau nhanh SLS, sir d\mg h? thong cap va thu vat lieu bpt ph6i hpp vai Ian tao lop mong tren bl mat hot sau laser se thuc hien thieu kit cho tiing lap, lap lai qua trinh tren se hinh nen hinh dang san phim, ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnani.vn NGHIEN C U T U - T R A O D O I thuc liien gia cong c6 thuc liien gia nhiet cho san phim cin dat duoc: bpt Qua trinh thilt kl theo mo-dun se thuc hien phan tich tren ca so cac nghien euu ve nguyen Dam bao hieu suat; ly lam viec ciia may va dua vao ly thuylt tiiilt Kit ciu gpn nhe, dl lip dat; ke theo mo-dun phuc vy qua trinh hinh D I siia chiia, bao tri; cac cvim chiic nang chinh cua may Quy trinh An toan, ve sinh thuc hien nghien euu dupe thi hien hinh 3, la cac buoc thuc hien nghien euu dl hinh Tu cac yen cau ky thuat va chiic nang nen may tao mlu nhanh SLS de ra, se lap duoc quan he cac yeu to anh huong ciia may tao mau nhanh SLS vai GFR, 2.1 XAC DINH ANH HU'CfNG DAC TINH bieu diin tren ma tran quan he Bang Trong CUA MAY SLS L £ N CAC YtV CAU CHlTC do, vai gia tri la tac dpng mong muon, gia tri NANG CHUNG la tac dpng khong dang ke va cuoi cung gia tri -1, la tac dpng khong mong muon [1] ^^ec xac Viec xac dinh cac yen cau chuc nang dinh dupe ma trSn quan he neu tren se phuc vu chung dupe thiet ke voi cac tieu chi de cho cho qua trinh lap cac ma tran mo-dun Hinh 3: Quy trinh thiit ki theo mo-dun su dung cho mdy tao mau nhanh SLS ISSN 0866-7056 TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.cokliivietnani.vn NGHIEN C U T U - T R A O D C I Bang Ma tran quan hi giua mdy tao mdu nhanh SLS vd h? so tam quan trpng cua cdc yeu cdu chuc',i nang chung Cac dac tinh may N6i tiep Song song Tiep xuc Cach xa Truyen nang luang true tiep Truyen nang lugng gian tiep Co giam toe Khong CO giam toe Gia nhiet cho hot Nguon Laser Cac ySu cau chirc nang chung Ket can gfu nhe, De sira chira, Hieu suat bao tri de l^p dat 1 0 -1 1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2 Xac dinh hg s6 tam quan (GFR) he th6ng tao mSu nhanh SLS An toan, v^ sinh 0 0 0 0 1 Trong do: (a, a2 a^),^j la vecto cac dac tinh he thong t^o man nhanh thieu ket laser ( j la s6 dac tinh he thong) Ket qua cua nghien euu cho thiy, nhilu yeu cau chiic nang chung co thi tin tai ben \bu i>„ mpt san pham va mpt so yeu ciu chiic nang thi quan trpng hon yen ciu chiic nang khac Do do, h$ so tam quan trpng se dupe gan cho cac yeu cau chiic nang khac He so tam quan trpng La ma tran quan h^ giiia may tao mlu CO gia tri la [0,1; 1] Ci day, yeu ciu chiic nang nhanh SLS va he so tam quan trpng (GFR) ciia chung ciia he thing tao mlu nhanh SLS nghien yeu cau chuc nang chung (i la s6 yeu ciu chiic Ciiu cho thay deu quan trpng nhu nen thilt nang chung) ke chpn he so tim quan trpng diu bing thi hiSn cf cot {C} cua ma tran [2] 2.3 Thiet lap ma tran dong dang Duong cheo cua ma tran ding dang dupe bo Cac he s6 khac ma tran d6ng dang xac dinh nhu sau [3]: La ma tren {C}, thi hien he s6 tim quan trpng (GFR) cua cac yeu ciu chiic nang chung Ket qua hinh cac mo-dun ciia he Uilng ?,,^={a,a, a^),^: Cac bp phan voi miic tuong thich cao (the hien voi gia tri Ion nhlt) se dupe nhom voi cac mo dun thilt kl Dilu nay, co the ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHI V I £ T NAM, S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO eOl thuc hien b l n g thuat toan nhan dang nhom tren CO so ma tran dong dang [4] Thuc hien cac tinh toan cho dupfc ma tran mo dun chiic nang va ma tran mo-dun k i t ciu ciia he thing tao n ^ u nhanh - Mo dun 5: Dpng co, bp truyen dai rang, bp chieu Laser, Sang Ma tran mo-dun ket cdu cua mdy tao mdu nhanh SLS Bdng Ma tran mo-dun chirc nang cua he thdng tao mdu nhanh SLS 2 2 2 10 11 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 10 0 0 1 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 3 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 11 1 0 10 1 T leo ma train m 6-d imk 6tcj uth i may tao mau nhanh co mo dun nhu sau: Theo ma tran mo-dun chiic nang thi he thong CO mo-dun nhu sau: -Mo dun 1: Dong ca, khop noi, true vit me bi, thung gia cong m l u (cum ban nang); -Mo dun 1: Dpng co, khdp noi, true vit me bi,thung gia cong man - Mo dun 2: Dong ca, khap noi, true vit me bi,thung d p hot (cum ban nang cap hot); - Mo dun 2: Dpng co, khop noi, true vit me bi,thiing d p bpt - Mo dim 3: Dpng co, dai rang, bang trupt, bp phan da, Ian trai bpt (cum Ian hot); - Mo dun 3: Dong ca,dai rang, bang trupt, bp phan do, Ian trai hot - Mo dun 4: Bp phan gia nhiet (Cum gianhiet); - Mo dun 4: Bp phan gia nhiet - Mo dun 5; Dpng co, bp truyen dai rang bp chieu Laser (cum laser) ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM S6 nam 2015 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CtfU-TRAODOl Phan tich he th6ng v l mat chiic nang va kit d u CO mo hinh tuong tu nhau, tu cho thay duac d u hinh phu hop vai may tao mau nhanh SLS la mo-dun chuc nang K E T QUA NGHIEN ClTU Tren co so nghien euu va thilt ke he thing theo mo-dun da neu tren se phuc vu cho qua trinh hinh mpt may tao mau nhanh SLS, cong suit 60W, kit qua chi tao may tao mlu nhanh theo phuong phap mo-dun dupe the hien hinh voi mo-dun chuc nang chinh kit hpp mot may Hinh 5: Chi tiet mdy dgng true cam ' Thong s6 thuc hien gia cong: Chik day tinh chinh cua mpt lop thieu ket: 0.2 mm, cong s d t tia laser tibeo nguon phat: 0,75% (ngufln laser 60W), van t i c thieu ket: 250mm/s, nhiet thieu kit: ~160°C, thoi gian chay mau san pham: gio 30 phiit (hmh 6) KET LUAN Hinh Mo hinh che tao thu nghiem mdy tao mdu nhanh SLS Mpt so san pham thuc nghiem dupe che tao tii may tao mau nhanh SLS dupe thiet k l tren co so ling dung theo phan tich theo mo-dun Chat lupng san pham theo danh gia la ro net, dam bao dupe dp ciing khong bi xo lech va thcri gian trung binh tao mlu cho san phim nhu sau: • Thong so thuc hien gia cong: Chilu day tinh chinh cua mot lop thieu kit: 0.2 mm, cong s d t tia laser theo nguln phat: 0,75% (nguin laser 60W), van tic thieu kit: 250 mm/s, nhiet dp thieu ket: ~160°C, thai gian thuc hien san phim: 3gicf 15phut (hinh 5) Kit qua nghien euu ling dung phuong phap thilt kl may tao mlu nhanh SLS theo phuong phap p h ^ tich theo mo-dun co ket luan sau: - Lfng dung phuong phap thiet ke theo mo-dun thiet ke may tao mau nhanh SLS da hinh nhom duac cac mo-dun chiic nang chinh, tren co sa ihuc hien phan tich va giai cac ma tran quan he chiic nang va cau true v6i cac yeu cau ky thuat day, may tao mau nhanh SLS dupe thiet ke mo-dun chinh Viec xay dung ly ihuylt thilt k l theo mo-dun se la co so cho qua trinh xay va phat triln phat trien may tao mau nhanh SLS thieu kit laser v6i nhieu dong cong suit la 25W, 30W, 40W, 60W, 80W,120W - Ket qua nghien cihi da dupe ung dung phuc vu chi tao mpt mlu may tao mau nhanh SLS, vai cong suit 60W va tao hmh dupe cac chi tiet mau co dp phiic tap Day se la ca so de phuc vu cho qua trinh nghien ciiu hoan thien cac thong so cong nghe ft-ong gia cong thieu ket laser