r J- '5^S~ KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE MOT SO KET QUA NGHIEN CIJIU VE MAY EP THAN SINH HOC TUT TRAU Le Minh Lu , Nguyen Chung Thong^ TOMTAT Nghiin ciru ndy di xudt sa cdu tgo nguyen ly ldm vi4c vd ca sa ly thuyet tinh todn cho mdy ep than sinh hoc tir trdu May ep ldm vi§c liin tuc giai dogn theo kieu true vit Cdc phdn tii- than trdu dugc ep lgi nhd gidm ddn budc vit bg phdn ep Qud trinh chuyen dgng cua than trdu true vit bao gdm chuyen dgng tinh tiin dgc tr^tc vd chimin dgng quay theo true vit Quy lugt bien ddi dp sudt phirc tgp vdphu thuge vdo nhiiu yeu to Tir khod: mdy ep, than hogt tinh sinh hgc, trdu SOME RESULTS OF RESEARCHING ABOUT THE RICE HULL BIOCHAR PRESS Le Minh Lu', Nguyen Chung Thong ^ SUMMARY This study recommended the principle diagram and calculation base for the rice hull biochar press It is screw-type extruder that viforks continuously two stages The elementes of biochar are pressed by the descending of lathe of screw thread The process of moving of biochar are combined of the progressive motion and the rotary motion The changed rule of pressure is complex and depends on many factors Keywords: press, biochar, rice hull I DAT VAN BE Than sinh hpc cdn ggi la Biochar dugc sdn xudt bdng phuong phap nhiet phdn (dot chay dieu kien thieu oxy) tir nguydn lieu cd ngudn gdc sinh khdi thuc vat, nd la mdt chat gdm chu yeu Id nguyen td carbon d dang vd dinh hinh, mgt phan niia cd dang tinh the vun grafit Ngoai carbon thi phan cdn lai thudng la tan tro, chu yeu la cac kim loai kiem va vun cat Thdy ro dugc nhieu tac dung cua than sinh hgc, thdi gian qua nhdm tac gia thudc Hgc vien Ndng nghiep Viet Nam da tap trung nghien cuu ling dung than sinh hgc tir phu phdm ndng nghiep, dac biet tir trdu vao viec san xudt gia the trdng cdc loai cdy, cac loai hoa cdy canh cd gid tri cao, sdn xudt dat nhan tgo de hoan nguyen cho cac vung da khai thac, xu ly nudc thdi trang trai chan nudi Tuy nhien, than sinh hpc tir cdc phu phdm ndng nghiep lgi rdi rac va cd thl tich khd ldn, de cd the ung dung rpng rai vao cac nganh san xudt khac, sinh hoat va cdt giir thi cdn phai dugc ep lgi dudi dang banh, hoac vien Nghien cuu lira chgn nguyen ly lam viec va co sd ly thuyet tinh toan phu hpp cho may ep la mdt budc quan trpng viec dua than sinh hgc tu trau phu pham ndng nghiep vao phuc vu sdn xudt va sinh hoat n DOI TirONG, PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CtTU 2.1 Doi tirgng nghien cihi Nghien cuu ve dac diem co ly tinh ciia than sinh hpc tu trdu, ddng thdi nghien cuu cac nguyen ly, cac may moc va thiet bi ep cac vat lieu dang bpt, toi rdi thanh hogc dang vien, tren co sd dd dua nguyan ly lam viec cho may ep than trdu Nghien cuu cac ydu td anh hudng den qua trinh va chdt lugng cua viec tao hoac tao vien tir than trau nhu cac yeu td ve dp suat, van tdc ep Cac thdng sd ciia than trau: khdi lupng rieng khoang 150kg/m^, dien tich be mat 500 ddn 2500mVg, gdc ma sat tir 35° ddn 45° 2.2 Phu-ffng p h a p nghien cihi Phuang phap nghien ciiu dan yeu td nham nghien ciiu dnh hudng cua tirng yeu td vao tdi cac thdng sd ra, qua dd tim dupc miic bien thien, khoang bien thien va khoang nghien ciru '•^ Hgc vien nong nghiap Vi?t Nam TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 19 - 2015 KHOA HQC - C N G N G H ? thich hpp cua timg ylu td, lam co sd cho phuong phap nghidn ciru thuc nghiem da ydu td Ap dung phuang phap md phdng dd lira chpn cdu true va nguydn ly lam viec cua may ep than sinh hgc lam co sd cho viec thiet kd nham gidm bdt thai gian va kinh phi cho nghien cmi thuc nghidm Ap dung phuong phap nghien cihi thuc nghiem dd xac dinh dnh hudng ciia cdc thdng sd ddn cac chi tieu ky thuat ciia may bd sung cho CO sd ly thuydt tinh todn thiet kd may Ky thudt su dung: Sir dung chuong trinh phdn mdm md phdng tien tidn (Inventer, Acad ) de thiet ke may tren may vi tinh Su dung cac thidt bi thi nghiem, thiet bi nhu cdn ban, may ep, may dp dm, may he sd ma sat ddng thdi sir dung kj* thugt tinh toan va 1^ thuydt tinh toan mdy ep dd xac dinh cac thdng sd ky thuat ciia viec tao hogc tao vien m KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Nguyen ly Iam viec cua may ep Cd nhdm may ep la nhdm may ep de tach pha long khdi pha ran va nhdm may ep dk tgo hinh Ve mdt nguyen ly lam viec thi c6 nhieu logi nguyen ly nhu nguyen ly ep kidu piston, nguydn ly kidu true vit, ng;uyen ly kidu ep can, ep dap, nguyen ly kieu nen Mdi mdt logi nguydn ly cd cac dac didm lam viec rieng, nguyen ly kieu piston phii hgp de ep cac loai vat lieu dgng banh, dgng sgi va tach pha long, nhien lai ldm viec gian doan, khdng lien tuc; nguyen ly kieu ep can phii hgp vdi ep dang tdm hoac ep tach pha Idng; nguyen ly kidu nen lgi can phal cd cac thiet bi may moc ddt va ky thuat cao [6] De dap ling dugc cac yeu cdu vd ky thuat cho san phdm cd the tao dudi dang hogc dgng vien va lam vide lien tuc, dgc biet la thugn tidn cho vide dieu chinh, su dung va cd gia phii hgp vdi tiii tidn va trinh dp cua ngudi su dung, chung tdi xdy dung md hinh 10 nguydn ly lam viec cho may ep than trdu lam vide lien tuc theo nguyen ly kidu tryc vit: Hlnh Sa nguyin ly cua mdy ep Dpng CO, Tmyen dgng dai, Pheu cap !i?u, Vit, Dau tao hinh, Khung may Md ta nguydn ly: nguyen lidu hdn hgp than trdu dugc dua vao bd phan true vit qua phdu cap lieu d ddy hdn hpp than trdu se dugc nhao trpn d viing cap lieu Lc va bl nen ep d viing ep Le, sau qua ddu tgo hiiih se dugc sdn phdm dang hay dgng vidn Dd cd dugc cac hogc vidn cd dai tuong ddi nhu thi sau ddu ep tao hinh dugc bd tri mdt dao cdt theo kidu cat cd tdm ke hoac tu gdy trgng lugng Do chat, kich thudc va hinh dang ciia san phdm cd the didu chinh mpt each de dang, bang cdch tang hodc giam dudng kinh cua vit vd vd, thay ddi budc cua vit hodc thay doi hinh dang cua ddu tgo hinh Vdi nguyen ly nay, sdn phdm se lidn tuc va bdt cdc thao tdc bdng tay ciia ngudi sir dung, ngoai cd thd ldp them bang truydn cung cap gliip cho viec cung cdp nguydn lidu dupc ddu va on dinh han 3.2 C a SO' ly thuyet cua qua trinh ep Ep la qua trinh co hpc phirc tgp didn bd phgn ep Tuy nhien cd thd md phdng quy luat bien ddi cac thdng sd qua trinh ep bdng toan hpc dua tren cac quy lugt thay ddi ap suat va van tdc chuydn ddng cua vdt lieu, qua dd cd thd xac dinh dugc mot sd thdng sd vd cdu tgo vd chd dp lam viec nhdm dinh hudng cho vide TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 19 - 2015 KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE thidt kd CJ day ta chi xet cac ydu td chinh qua trinh ep dd la: he sd len chat \\f, he sd rdng 6, ap sudt ep p (kG/cm^), he sd ma sat f, chidu cao banh ep h (cm), nang sudt ly thuydt ciia may epQit(kg/h)[7] Ap sudt ep phu thudc vao nhidu ydu td: nhiet do, he sd ma sat, chidu cao bdnh ep dac biet chidu cao cua banh ep, nd dupc the hien bdi ddthi: A p (kG/cm') Qc=Qu (2) Neu nhu vdt lieu quay cimg vdi vit xoan vdi van tdc tOvi = co thi nang suat thuc te ciia vit xoan Qc= vi khdng co sir dich chuyen dpc true Ndu < (Ovi < 0) thi vdt lieu cd van tdc quay trung binh khac vdi van tdc quay cua vit xoan, nang suat cua vit xoan dupc tinh theo cdng thiic [7], [8]: Q = Ql Tlnc do: qnc - he sd thd tich nap lieu: =1 Hinh Bd thi chi suphu thuoc ciia dp sudt vdo chieu cao bdnh ep Theo nguydn ly ket cdu cua may, mat ngoai cua vit xoan cd dang tru, mang vit cung cd dgng hinh tru Qua trinh dich chuydn vdt lieu mang vit xoan ciing tuong t u nhu qua trinh van chuydn vdt lieu cua vit tai De dam bao qua trinh ngp lieu dugc Udn tuc tir viec trgn hdn hgp sang bg phan ep, nang sudt van chuydn tinh theo ly thuydt Qit cua vi't xoan d viing cap lieu phdi blng nang suat cua bg phgn trdn QtrOn [4], [7] ^ _7t(R;-r^) ^.S.n.y (kg/h) (1) 60 dd: Rv , rv - ban kinh ngoai va cua vit xoan, m; S- budc vit xoan, m; n - tdc dp quay cua vit xodn, vg/ph; - khoi lugng rieng ciia vgt lieu, kg/m^ Tuy nhidn vit xoan quay thi vdt Heu cd thd quay theo va vdn tdc gdc cua vdt cOvi cd thd dao dgng gidi han < C0vi< to Neu van tdc gdc cua vat lieu ©vi = thi nang sudt thuc td Qc cua vit xoan d vimg cap lieu bdng nang sudt ly thuydt Qu: (3) (4) Tii cac ket qua trdn cho thdy, thidt ke che tgo vit xoan cdn chii y mpt sd dac didm sau: - De nang cao nang suat can phai giam chuydn dgng quay cua vat lieu theo vit xoan, nghla la hinh dgng va tinh chdt bd mat cua vit xoan phai dam bdo su lien ket nhd nhat vdi sdn phdm - Bd mat cua mdng vit ham dugc san phdm quay, nliung ma sat theo chidu dgc true phai nhd khdng can trd su di chuydn theo phuang dgc true cua vat lieu Hlnh Da gidc bieu diin sir dich chuyen cita vdt lieu Vi vdy can phai gia cdng vit xoan c6 dp nhdn bdng cao, budng vit cd the tao cac gd theo hudng dgc true dd hgn chd chuyen dpng quay ciia vat lieu theo vit xoan nhung khdng can trd chuydn dpng dpc true cua vat lieu [2] Su chuydn ddng cua vdt lieu vimg cap lieu bao gdm chuyen ddng quay va chuyen ddng tinh tidn theo phuong dpc true De xac djnh cac TAP CHl CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 19 - 2015 11 K H O A H Q C - CONG N G H E phdn vgn tdc ciia vat lieu, ta xet mdt phan tir vgt lieu M tgi didm A ndm trdn ban kinh trung binh ciia vit xodn Ndu cdt mdt tru dd cd didm A chuydn ddng dgc theo dudng sinh rdi trdi phdng thi dudng xodn vit se trd thdnh nhiing dudng thdng nghieng vdi mgt cdt ngang true vit xodn mgt gdc a (gpi la gdc nang cdnh vit), ta dugc da gidc van tdc bieu didn sir dich chuydn cua vdt lieu viing cap lieu Nhu da phan tich d trdn, qua trinh dich chuydn vdt lieu budng 6p gidng nhu qud trmh dich chuydn timg ldp dpc theo canh vit, nhanh hay chdm phu thudc vdo buoc vit S, dang vit xodn Do cd thd gia thuyat rdng, qua trinh dich chuydn khdng cd qua trinh xao trdn giiia cac ldp tren canh vit, dd quy dao chuydn ddng cua cdc phdn tii moi vgt lieu tren dudng vit la chuydn dgng phiic tap, bao gdm: - Chuyen ddng quay tuong ddi cua vgt lieu quanh true vit xoan vdi van tdc gdc cOvi: COvl=CO-C>qc (5) dd: coqc- van tdc gdc cua vat Ueu so vdi mdng vit, s''; to- van tdc gdc cua vit xodn, s"' - Chuyen ddng tinh tidn cua vat lieu dpc true vit xodn vdi vgn tdc Vnc: Neu budc vit khdng ddi, thi mpi didm cua vat lidu ranh vit xoan sd cd quy dao dudng xoan dc Van tdc chuyen ddng VM cua vat lieu tai didm A trdn bd mgt cua cdnh vit, each dudng tam true vit xodn mdt khoang Rtbc se gdm van tdc tinh tidn theo chieu true Vnc va van tdc tidp tuyen Vqc=Rtbc-C0qc vudng gdc vdi true ciia vit xoan chuyen ddng quay tgo ra, dd: v'„ = V^M-< = yl