KHOA HOC C N G N G H I IMGHIEIV CIJU T H I E T Bf V A THIJC IVGHIEIVI S A Y PHAIV H O A T H E O IVGUYEIV LY S A Y BOIVI M H I E T v a Kd Hoach\ Ld Anh Due^, Ld Quang Huy^ TOMTAT Nghien ciiu duoc thuc hien nhdm dnh toan thiet ke, ehe tao va khao nghiem may say phfin hoa theo nguyen ly say bom nhiet nang suat kg/me May da ducx- tinh toan tliiet ke dua tren cac tinh cliat vat ly cua phan hoa, ly thuyet say bom nhiet va yeu cau dau vao cua bai toan tliiet ke Sau ehe Uio da tien hanh khao nghiem de kiem tra kha nang lam viec cua may Nghien cim da Uen hanh quy hoach Oiirc nghiem nhSm xac dinh su anh hucmg cua cac thong sd lam viec ciia may den cac chi tieu kinh te ciia may say va chat luong phan hoa sau say Cac thi nghiem dupe thuc hien mot each ngau nhien hoan toan, cac thong sd dac tnmg cua may say duoe xac dinh bdng phuang phap quy hoach thuc nghiem da yeu td Ket qua khao nghiem da xac dinh duoe phuong trinh hdi qui, bieu dien su anh huong cua nhiet say, van tdc tac nhan say den bam lupng vitamin C phan hoa sau say va chi phi dien nang rieng cho qua trinh say C = 119,168 - 3,71381.T + 1,98878.V+ 0,035597l.r.Ar = 8,78942 - 0,321789.T - 2,45641.V+ 0,031.T.V + 3,365.10lT^ + 0,519531.V^ Ket qua giai bai toan tdi uu da tim dupe chd lam viec tdi mi cua may nhu sau: chi Ueu tdi mi cho qua trinh say C„„, = 32 mg/g; Ar„„„ = 0,624 kWh/kg tai nhiet say t = 38,4" va van tdc tac nhan say 1,2 m/s Ket qua xay dung phuong trinh tien doan giam am W (%) theo thoi gian say (t) qua trinh say phan hoa: W = 30,1125 - 0,2651.t + 0,0007.1" (R- = 0,997) Tir khoa: Phan boa, say bom nhiit, vitamin C phi dien nang rieng LDATVANDE ket qua nghidn cim da eong bd ciia cac tac gia va ngoai nudc llnh vuc nghien cim vd thiet bi say ndi chung va thiet bi say phan hoa ndi ridng Hidn tai hau het cdc ca sa nuoi ong vd san xuat phan hoa deu thieu eong nghd vd thidt bi say phan hoa Sau thu hoaeh phan hoa ngudi nuoi ong ehi biet dem phan hoa phoi ndng trdn cdc tam bat trai trdn nen dat hoae nen xi mdng khoang 3- ngdy Cdch ldm ndy dd vo tinh bien phan hoa trd thdnh loai "thuc dn chdt" nhidu thdnh phan quy bi mat di, ddng thdi tidm an nhiing nguy ca gdy hai eho ngudi diing vi chat lupng phdn hoa khdng bao dam Phuong phip tiep can he thdng: Tien hanh khao sdt cdc eong nghd vd thiet bi da irng dung tai mpt sd dia phuong nuoi ong lay mat vd phan hoa va cdc ca sd san xuat hidn cd d TP Hd Chi Minh, Ddk Ldk, Ddng Nai mot sd may say nudc ngodi san xuat nhu New Zealant, Trung Qudc, My, Anh, vd cdc loai mdy say san xuat tai Viet Nam Chinh vi vdy vide nghidn cuu edng nghd vd thiet hi de say bao quan phan hoa nhdm khdc phuc cdch lam thii eong, dam bao chat lupng vdn cd eiia chiing vd ndng cao hidu qua kinh td Id rat can thiet Phuong phip tinh toin thiet ke: Vide tinh todn thiet ke mo hinh mdy sdy dua trdn cdc thong sd dau vdo ciia bdi todn thiet ke vd ly thuyet tinh todn hd thdng mdy sdy bom nhidt Sau nghidn ciiu ve im nhupe diem, pham vi sir dung ciia timg phuong phdp say vd lira chpn phuong phdp say phan hoa phai hpp ly de dam bdo dudng chat vdn cd cua phan hoa vd dat ndng sudt eao Phuang phdp say bom nhidt hdi luu tdc nhdn say vdi ldp phan hoa tinh la phii hpp nhat U VAT UEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Phuong phdp nghidn cuu ly thuydt Phuong phip ke thira: Ke thira cdc edng trinh ' Trucmg Cao ddng Ky thuat Cao Thdng TP HCM ' Truang Dai hpc Nong Lam TP HCM Phuong phdp chd tao Mdy say phan hoa dugc ehe tao don chide phai dam bao chat lupng Mpt sd chi tiet tidu chuan sau tinh toan sd dupe chpn mua tidn thi trudng Phuong phdp thuc nghidm Cd nhidu thong sd cd anh hudng den cdc chi tidu kinh te ky thudt cua mdy say phan hoa, de giam sd lupng thi nghidm md vdn dam bao dp chinh xdc, phuang phdp quy hoach thue nghidm dang bdi toan "hdp den" dupe six dung Phuong phdp xdc dinh dp am cua phan hoa: am NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON KY THANG 2/2012 49 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE dp phan hoa dupe xac dinh bdng phirimg phai) tu say till nhiet dp 80"Cti'ongthiVi gimi 241i Ham lupng vitamin C ciia iihan hoa sau say dugc xac dinh bdng phirmig phap AOAC budng sdy, chuti-inhtuan hoan ciia tac nhdn say didn lidn tiic cho ddn phan hoa ddt tren cdc khay say dat am dp ydu cdu thi dugc lay ngoai f',- Phuang phdp xir ly sd Udu thue nghidm vd gidi bdi todn tdi uu Xir ly sd lieu: Ap dung i)hirong phap phan tieh phuong sai (ANOVA) Sir dung phan mdm Statgraphis 7.0 Uiiet ke thi nghidm va xir ly sd lieu Bai toan tdi uu ducx- xae dinh trdn ea sd cac phuong trinh hdi quy tim dugc qua trinh quy hoach thirc nghiem Bai toan tdi uu ducyc giai trdn may tinh bdng phan mem Excel - ( ;;f-—.-zmzz: .u t 7^ Hinh Sa dd nguydn ly mdy sdy phdn hoa Budng xir ly khdng Budng say Khay say Ldp bong cdch nhidt eua budng say Ong Vdt lidu vd dung cu d^c Vat lieu say la phan hoa dmyc thu hoach tai Binh dan gid Quat ly tdm Xyelon Ddn bay hoi 9, Phudc Phan hoa co miii tham ddc trung, mau vdng Ddn ngung tu chinh 10 Dan ngung tu phu 11 May nen 12 Binh cao dp 13 Van tidt luu tuoi, dp am trung binh 30% Dung cu dac diing thuc nghiem: tu say, ddng hd nhiet dp, am dp, van tdc gid, cdn didn tir, cdn ddng hd, ampe ke, ddng hd thdi gian, may tinh, tli lanh bao quan mau U KET QUA NGHEN CUU Kdt qua tinh toantiiidtkd Trdn ca sd cdc phuong phdp nghidn ciiu da trinh bdy, tinh chat ca ly cua phdn hoa va ydu cdu tiiiet ke ban ddu Id ndng suat kg/me, nhidt dp tdc nhdn say 40''C, am dd phan hoa ban dau la 3096, sau say dat 6%, thiet ke may say phan hoa theo nguydn ly sdy bom nhidt nhu hinh Nguyen ly lam vide: phdn hoa dugc trai deu ldn ede khay ludi (3) vd ddt trpng budng sdy (2) Quat ly tdm (6) cung cap tdc nhdn sdy thdi qua ddn bay hoi (8), tai day mot phdn am dugc ngung tu vd tdeh khdi tac nhdn say, tac nhdn say tid'p tuc dugc dua qua ddn ngung (9) de gia nhidt den 40"C vd duge dua den budng say (2) Tdc nhdn say di tir dudi ldn dinh budng say Qua tiinh tid'p xuc giira phan hoa vd tae nhdn say dugc didn ra, theo sir ehuyen ddng vira zich zdc qua cdc khay dudi vd vira xuydn cdc khay ddt d trdn Tdc nhdn say khdi budng say mang theo lugng am qua dng ddn tdi xyclpn (7) (mpt sd phdn hoa cd kich thude nhd nhe sau duge say khd bay theo tdc nhdn say ngodi sd duge ldng xudng day xyelon Tac nhan say trd ve quat rdi lai den dan bay hoi de tach nudc va qua dan ngung tu va vao lai 50 Hinh Mdy sdy p h ^ hoa theo nguydn ly sdy bom nhidt dirge ch^ t^o vd ldp rdp hoan chinh Vat lieu ehe tao mdy say la inox SUS304 Mpt so thong sd ca ban cua may say phdn hoa: Kich thuoc budng say: dai x rdng x cap: 0,4 x 0,5 X 0,9 m; sd lugng khay ludi: 10 khay; van tdc tac nhdn say budng say: V=1,0 m/s; kich thude ciia dan ngung : B„ x 1„ = 0,40 x 0,28 = 0,112 m^; kich tiiudc cua dan bay hoi : Bb x lb = 0,4 x 0,25 = 0,10 m^; mdy nen roto, eong suat mdy nen IHP, sir dung moi chat lanh R22; quat say dang quat Iy tdm, eong suatl HP; he thdng didu ehinh nhidt dp say, ddng hd hien thi nhidt dp va am dp tae nhdn say K^t qua nghifen ohi thye nghidm NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 2/2012 KHOA HOC C6NG NGHI Sau ehe tao may, tien hanh khao nghidm nhdm danh gia chat lupng ehe tao, kha ndng lam vide cua may va kiem tra cac ket qua tinh toan thiet ke dam bao ydu cau dd ra, tien hanh quy hoach tiiuc nghidm bang a Ket qui xiy dimg bii toin hdp den md ti qui trinh nghien cuu 10 Quy hoach thirc nghiem: dua trdn ly thuyet mo hinh hda, sau loai bd cac yeu td ngau nhidn khong the didu khien dugc, hodc cac yeu td anh hudng qua nhd khong can dua vao nghien cim Cac thong sd dau vdo nghidn cim nhu sau: T: Nhidt dp say ("C): Qua tiii nghiem don yeu td, ket hpp vdi ly thuyet say phan hoa, chpn mirc giai ban cua nhidt dp say la T = 35 45"C va khoang bun thidn AT = 5"C; V: Van tdc tdc nhdn say (m/s): Co dnh hudng den tdc dp giam am ciia phiin hoa, vay chpn V = 0,6 - 1,4 mm vd khoang bien thien SV = 0,4 m/s TT Bang Kdt qua thuc nghidm Thong sd Cac thong sd vao T V Ar C C'C) (m/s) (Kwh/kg) (mg/g) 35 35,172 0,682 1.4 35 0,6 34,125 0,995 40 0,44 0,8,50 28,221 45 0,6 0,715 25,741 40 29,238 0,600 1,0 40 1,0 0,610 29,413 40 1,56 31,618 0,716 45 1,4 26,254 0,650 33 37,.596 1,0 0,980 47 1.0 25,335 0,590 b Xu ly ket qua time nghiem Cdc thong sd dau ra: C: Ham lupng vitamin C phan hoa (mg/g); Ar: Chi phi didn ndng ridng say (kWh/kg phdn hoa) ' 0%^\/{m/s) C T(oc) >- Ar Hinh Mo hinh bdi todn hop den mo td qud trinh nghidn ciiu Tien hdnh thuc nghidm theo phuong dn bde II Muc vd khoang bien thidn theo phuong dn bde II, dupe trinh bdy d bang Bang Miic vd khoang bidn thidn cdc ydu td ddu vdo ciia bdi todn hop den V(m/s): T("C): Nhiet ^^^^.^^^Yeu td Van tdc tac tac nhan say Miic ^^^^-.^^ nhan say 47 1,56 +1,414 45 +1 1,4 40 1.0 35 0,6 -1 0,43 33 -1,414 Khoang bien 0,4 m thien A Tien hdnh thuc nghidm theo ma trdn thi nghidm da lap Ket qua thuc nghiem ti-inh dugc bdy Hinh Dd tiii bidu didn mdi quan hd C - T - V tiieo khong gian chidu (X0.01) 136 ^ d^A \/{m/s) Hinh Dd tiii bidu didn mdi quan hd Ar - T - V theo khong gian chidu Cdc sd lieu thu dupe sau phdn tich tinh toan dugc dua vdo ma trdn thi nghidm de lam dir lieu nhdm tinh cdc he sd cua mo hinh Tien hanh phdn ti'ch phuong sai cho ca ham todn da thuc bde II Trong qua tiinh phdn tich phuong sai, nhirng he sd hdi qui khong dam bao dp tin cdy se bi loai bd khdi md hinh Sau loai bd he sd hdi qui khong dam NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 2/2012 51 KHOA HOC bao dp tin cay khdi nic) hinh va tien hanh phan tich phucmg sai lan thir hai cho nio hinh, ket qu.'i xir ly sd lieu xac dinh cac he sd hdi qui ei) y nghia Tien hanh kiem tra cac he sd hdi quy theo tiini chuan Student va kiem tra tinh i)hii hpi) ciia mo hinh tiieo tidu chuan Fisher; tir kel qua xir ly da xae la]) dirm- phuong trinh hdi qui nhu sau: Phuong trinh hdi qui eho ham Im.mg vitamin C phan hoa: C = 119,168 - 3,71381.T 0,035597LT' (R^' = 0,982) + 1,98878.V + Phuong trinh hdi qui cho ham chi i)hi dipn ndng ridng say: Ar = 8,78942 - 0,321789.T - 2,45(i41.V + 0,031.T.V + 3,365.10'.T + 0,519.53l.V-' (R^ = 0,938) Kdt qua xdy dung vd giai bdi todn tdi uu Chi tieu tdi im ve ham linmg vitamin C la ham lupng vitamin C cao nhat dat chnyc qua trinh thuc nghiem Chi tieu tdi mi ve chi phi dien ndng ridng Ar la chi phi didn nang rieng thap nhdt dat dupe qua trinh thuc nghidm Chi tieu tdi uu chung la ket qua say phai dam bao ca yeu td la Ar thap nhat vd ham lupng vitamin C cao nhat Thong sd tdi uu la gid tij cac thong sd dam bao tri sd chi tieu tdi uu Bdi toan tdi uu: xudt phat tir muc dich nghidn cuu, bai todn tdi uu dugc lap trdn ca sd hai ham C vd Ar ddc trung cho hai chi tidu nghidn cim la kinh te va ky thuat Ham muc tidu: Ar -> Ham didu kidn: C > C^ vd 1,414 > T„ V, > 1,414; dd C, Id gid tri vitamin C ydu edu Ket qua giai bai todn tdi uu da muc tidu dat dugc nhu sau: + Thong sd tdi uu: Nhidt dp say tdi uu: 38,4"C Van tdc tae nhdn sdy tdi uu: 1,2 m/s + Chi tidu tdi uu: NGH£ Kdt qud xdy d^mg phuang trinh giam dm tiieo thdi gian qud trinh sdy phdn hoa Tir kdt qua xac djnh thong sd Uun vide tdi uu cua mdy, tii'ii hanh tiiue nghidm tiii cac thong sd lam vide tdi uu Tdng hcyp kdt qua thi nghidm va sir dung phan mem SigmaPlot 9.0 de phan tich sd lieu thi nghiem Ket qua xay dung phmmg trinh giam am W (%) theo thiri gian say (t) qua trinh say phan hoa nhir sau: W = 30,1125 - 0,265Lt + 0,0007.t^'; (R^' = 0,997) 35 _ 30 'C • (iiii trj tlurc ny;hiC'in — (liu trj lien duan u r 25 \ \ m 20 • •E 15