^ •-^ { - ^ "^"' THIET KE XE MAY HYBRID StJ" D y N G DIEN VA NHIEN LIEU XANG ] DESIGNING HYBRID MOTOR BICYCLE USED ELECTRIC AND GASOLINE Tran V5n Dang', L£ Dang Dong' ,Kh6ng Vfl Quang^ Trudng Dgi hge Suphgm Ky thudt Himg Yen Trudng Dgi hgc Bdch Khoa Hd Npi Tom tat: Su ndng len todn cdu dd trd thdnh mdt vdn de rdt quan trgng thdp ky qua Cdc nghiin cuu tren todn the gidi dupc dmh hu&ng vdo viie edi thiin hieu qud tieu thu ndng lugng vd sir dung ede ngudn ndng lupng ben virng Bdi viet ndy gidi thieu ve mot dinh hudng su dung cdng nghe hybrid, cu thi dugc iing dung tren xe mdy hybrid sir dung hai ngudn ddng luc: ddng ca ddt chgy xdng vd ddng ca dien Ket qud linh todn vd thiet ke md hinh hda, suphdt triin cua xe mdy hybrid eho kit qud hieu sudt ddng co tdt hon tir gidm ddng ki lupng tiiu thu nhien lieu vd cdc thdnh phdn thdi ddc hgi Tuy nhien, vdi viec phot hop cdc thdnh phdn hi ddn ddng vd chiin luge dieu khiin thi hieu qud cho ehu yeu xe chgy diiu kiin duang dd thi Tu khda: Xe mdy hybrid: ddng co dot dong co diin, dc quy I D^t van de Viet Nam, ngudn gay nhiem chinh la xe gan may Hien eo han 16 trieu chiec xe gan may dang luu hanh va mgt thdi gian dai trudc mat, xe gan may vSn ddng vai trd la phuang tien giao thong ca nhan chii lue d nudc ta Tu 1-7-2007 nudc ta bat dau ap dung tieu chuan EURO II doi vdi thai cua to [I] Ciing vdi viec tang nhanh ve sd lugng cac phucmg tien, toc dp tieu thu xang dau ciia nude ta cung mpt tang nhanh Nganh giao thong van tai trd doi tugng lam tang mue tieu thu xang ldn nhat so vdi eae nganh kinh te khac Theo bg tai nguyen va moi trudng, binh quan moi nam eac phucmg tien giao thong da su dung tren 1,5 trieu tan xang va dau diesel, tuong ung vdi lugng thai thoan la trieu tin CO , 61 nghin tdn CO, 35 nghin tan NO,, 12 nghin tan SO, va tren 22 nghin tan C H^ Tai eac nut giao thong chinh d mdt so thi, nong bin vugt tieu chuan , - lan, nong dg SOjeaogap2-3ian[l,2] Trong boi canh do, viec nghien ciiu mpt loai phuang tien ca nhan phu hgp vdi nudc ta de thay the cae loai xe gan may dang su dung hien nay, thoa man dong thdi hai dieu kien la phat thai nhiem thap va su dung nang lugng thay the xang dSu de dam bao an ninh nang luang la rat c^n thiet [3] Cae giai phap giam nhiem moi trudng eua phuang tien co gidi co nhung uu va nhugc diem rieng Giai phap dugc danh gia tot nh5t hien la su phat trien eong nghe Electric Vehicle (EV), Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) va Xe may dien (EM) co tiSm nang de giam thieu su dung nhien lieu hoa thach, cac giai phap tren deu phai doi mat vdi nhung thach thuc viec chap nhan cua ngudi tieu dimg han che ve pham vi su dung, chi phi cao cua pin va 32 hieu suat pin kem [3] Xe Hybrid electric motorcyle (HEM), la ket hgp nhung im diem ciia dgng eo dot (DCDT) va dgng CO dien, vdi chign luge quan ly, su dung va dieu khien nguon nang lugng hieu qua da lam tang tinh tiet kiem nhien lieu va giam luong thai So cho Hybnd xe may (HEM) dugc the hien hinh DCDT dugc sii dung truyen mo men cho may phat dien, dien'nang tu may phat dien duae su dung de sac pin su dung mgt bg chuyen doi DC/DC, cap cho cac dgng eo banh xe dugc dieu khien bdi cae dong dien tir pin de keo xe I Eac™ I ij &Jn.i« [ FJnancFiBK' CoDtBlSl^ Hinh \.Sodd cho xe mdy hybrid Phirong phap tinh toan v^ lira chgn thong sS cho xe may hybrid 2.1 Co- sd lire chgn ddng ctr nhi^t Trong phuang an phfii hgp ngu6n dpng lire cho xe may hybrid, su dung dgng co nhiet dS nap dien cho ae quy dfing thai cung cSp them md men ho trg cho cac ddng codien can thidt (nhu xe leo ddc) Vi vay, cong suat dgng ca nhiet ehgn mi8n toi uu ve kinh te va nhiem mdi trucmg Tuy nhien, de xe cd the chay tren dudng dai ma khong bi rang Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - So 02/2014 bugc ve thdi gian nap dien eho ac quy ta eo the chgn dong CO nhiet ldn hon tdng eong suat cua cac dgng codien [3,4] 2.2 C o sd tinh todn chon ddng ea dien Trong mdt chiee xe may thong thudng, dgng ea dot hoat dpng d hieu suat thap thdi gian chay khong tai hoac toe xe thSp Nhung d6i vdi xe may hybrid ddng co dugc tach rdi khdi eac banh xe va dpng co chi duge su dung d^ chay may phat dien Ddng ca dugc chpn phu hop va dap ung dugc hieu suat can cho chiec xe Trong mo hinh mo phdng co hai han che ve dgng co dien: dau tien, toe dp dong ea khong dupc vugt qua muc toi da toe cho phep; thu hai, mo-men xoan dau dugc gidi h^n bdi ea hai mo-men xoan toi da dau ciia dpng ca va quan tinh quay cua true truyen luc [3] Cong suit can thiet cua dgng co dien phai ldn han hoac bang luc keo (F^) Lue keo (F^) dugc tinh theo phuang trinh sau: suat cho mo to keo d mgi thdi diem Dong thtri ciing phai dii tru du nang lugng de ngan ngda viec khong cung cap du nang lugng dien tinh trang khong dugc nap keo dai - Cdng sudt du trir cua dc quy De mo to dien dat cong suat toi da thi eong suit cila dc quy va DCDT/MP phai Idn han hoac bang cong suat dinh miic ldn nhat ciia mo ta dien Theo dd, edng suat du trii cua ac quy cd the xac dinh nhu sau: - Ndng lugng du trir cda de quy Trong mpt vai dieu kien van hanh, kieu van hanh thudng xuyen tang giam toe dp se cho ket qua la mgt tinh trang nap thap cho ac quy Nang lugng bien doi eua ac quy eo the xac djnh nhu sau: F = RI.+ R D + R O + R Q Trong do: - Lire can lan: R^^^ f G f - la h e s d can lan G - la tdng trpng tai cua xe - Lue can len doc: F ^ ^ G.sma sina - la dp doe eua mat dudng - Lue can gio: F,^ = k.S.v^ k - la he sd can khong khi, S - la dien tich can chinh dien v - la van toe ciia xe - Luc quan tinh: F = M.a M - la kh6i lugn toan bp xe a - la gia toe ciia xe Trong do, P la cong suat ciia ac quy Gia tri duang cua P ac quy dupc nap va am ac quy phong dien Hinh mo ta nang luong bien doi theo thdi gian cua ac quy, cho thay nang lugng bien doi toi da toan bp chu trinh lai Qua trinh nap cho ac quy dugc tri neu ac quy lam viee gida trang thai nap (SOC) idn nhat va nhd nhat Nang lugng du trii cua dc quy co the tinh toan theo cong thuc dudi day: SOC„ - S O C D 2.3 Chgn l6p xe g i n mdy L6p xe gan may dugc sir dung de danh gia diSu kien tdc va mo-men xoan can thiet cho dong CO banh xe dien D I lua ehgn 16p dupe tot nhat ta su dung Phuang trinh tinh sau day: COdnve - Rfd SOC|^ va SOCjj la trang thai nap cao nhat va thap nhat Hieu qua nap toi uu khoang 0,4 0,7 va gidi ban bien doi nang lugng 0,8 - [3] 27U.R„ Hinh Ngp ndng lugng cao nhdt chu trinh ldi [4] Trong do: r - Ban kinh ciia banh xe Rfj- Ty le dTa cudi cimg Tifd - Hieu qua eua cac d dTa 2.4 Tinh todn chon Sc quy Ac quy phai cd kha nang cung eSp du cdng Md phdng md hinh \e may hybrid Tiin hanh mo phong eho xe may vdi he dan ddng hybrid tren chu trinh thu ECE-R40 va dupe tien hanh tren phan mem ADVISOR theo hinh Khoa h^c & Cong nghe - So 02/2014 33 - C6ng sudt DCDT la 6,4KW/7.50()rpm, Q 2DD 40) EOO Hinh Chu trinh BOO 1Q0Q 12D0 thuECER40 3.1 Md hinh mo phdng xe may vdi hg dan dong hybrid Md hinh g6m cac khoi dupc lien ket vdi theo so ciia he dan dgng hybrid Bg ket ndi cong sudt la bg banh rang hanh tinh, ddng thdi cung dong vai tro la hop so vo cap (CVT) Theo so dd sau: khdi lugng 20kg - Khdi lugng khung xe: 50kg - Bd luu trd nang lugng (dc quy) loai NIMH, Kh6i luong bg ac quy 10kg - Md to di?n xoay chieu co cdng suat 3kw, hi^u sudt 0,9, khoi luang 8kg - He sd truyen dgng CVT dung bd banh rang hanh tmh - May phaf md ta dien xoay ehiSu ed cong suat Ikw, khdi lugng 2kg - Banh xe eo ban kinh 0,3m - Gia tbifit mang tai 70kg - T6ng khdi lugng toan bd cua xe la 185kg RSTBH u,^ ^M^ W i^mt/fL^m^ t • JB - ^lAla^t, K EnffjiliT^ jf^V P *'J"*.U ''J ' EK.IWKt '3 •.3 ,' fijUJID 1W» ^ DD -l_i K.a |^E*aiiô!iM -J ã 'J ã ETfte ^_ii^ Hi L\ GtJS im>m J J Mm 1 •r Bang Chu trinh 34 Buac van hanh Pha ' i 'kiBi - J J Jl - ^W\] "^'^'""'i ^^^^ «*•« VimUe r &* , ^ ' L- thuECER40 Van toe (km*) Thai gian van hanh