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Nghiin ciru DANH GIA KHA NANG HAP THU CHI TRONG DAT CUA GIONG D^U TU'ONG DT96 Ducmg Dang Khoi Tnicmg Dai hpc Tai nguyen va Moi ti-ang Ha Noi Tom tii O nhiem kim logi ngng noi chung vd chl ddt noi rieng Id vdn di moi trucmg nghiem trgng tgi ldn can cdc khu cong nghiep trin thi gicri cung nhu Vi$t Nam Trong nhieu ky thugt logi bo chi khoi ddt duac dp difng ky thugt xu ly ldm sgch ddt bdng thuc vgt co nhieu trien vong Hien cdc nhd khoa hgc tap frung vdo xu hirdng su dung cdc lodi thiec vgt sieu hdp thu chl Tuy nhien, cdc lodi sieu hop thif chi thirong sinh truong chgm vd cho nang sudt sinh khoi thdp Nhimg nghiin ciru ve cdc lodi thuc vgt sinh trudng nhanh cho ndng sudt sinh khoi cao nhung hdp thu chi vira phdi chira duac guan tdm nghien cuu nhiiu Chinh vi vgy nghien ciht ndy tap trung ddnh gia khd ndng hdp thu chi cua cdy ddu tuong (thii nghiam vol giong dgii tuang DT96) Phuong phdp thi nghiim chau dd duac tien hdnh tren ddt duac lay tic ddt nong nghiep ven suoi Cdc, phudng Cam Gid, thdnh Thdi Nguyen Kit qud nghiin cuu cho biet cdy dau tuong DT96 co khd ndng hdp thu chi khd, co thi tra thdnh cdy tiem ndng cho xu ly nhiem chi ddt a miic vira phdi Chiing toi kiin nghi cdc nghien cieu tiep theo cdn tien hdnh tren nhieu giong dau tuong khdc nita de dua nhiing kit lugn day du hem ve khd ndng hdp thu chi ciia dau tuang Tir kh6a: Giong dSu tucmg DT96; Xii ly nhiem chi bang thuc vat Abstract Assessement of lead uptake in soil by soybean variety DT96 Lead contaminated soil is one of serious environmental issues in the world and Vietnam Several lead polluted soil remediation techniques can be usedfor removal of lead from soils Phytoremediation is particularly useful for extracting Pb from soil In recent years, hyperaccumulator plants have been investigated to remove lead as wel as heavy metals from soils However, hyperaccumulators often grow slowly and produce a small quantity of biomass Inversly, agricultural crops are fast-growing species, and able to produce a large quantity of biomass However, a few research papers on uptake of lead and heavy metals of agricultural crops is mentioned in literature Therefore, this research is to assess the uptake of lead by a soybean variety DT96 Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the uptake of lead by DT96 soybean variety Soil collecting from the area along the Coc stream, Cam Gia ward Thai Nguyen city was used in this experiment The result showed that DT96 soybean variety was able to uptake lead from the lead contaminted soil DT96 soybean variety may be one of potential crops for phytoremediation of lead from soil around industrial zones or/and mining areas Our research only focuses on DT96 soybean variety: therefore, it recommends that further experiments are needed to investigate a number of soybean varieties Keywords: Soybean variety DT96; Phytoremediation , Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tdi nguyen vd Mdi truang -Sd 19 - ndm 2018 Nghien cuu Dat van de Chi la nguyen t6 kim loai nang gay anh huong nghiem den sinh vat va nguod nhilm chi la vSn de nghiSm tai nhilu vimg lan can khu c6ng nghiep tren thS gioi [6] cung nhu tai Viet Nam Khu cong nghiep gang thep Thai Nguyen da va dang gay nhilm kim loai nang (KLN) va chi tai cac viing lan cSn Nuoc thai tir cac nh^ may gang thep chiia nhieu kim loai nang chu yeu dugc thai vao suoi Coc chay qua phuang Cam Gia, TP Thai Nguyen la mot nhimg nguon quan gay nhilm chi d4t nong nghiep Ket qua quan trac cua So Tai nguyen va Moi trucmg tinh Thai Nguyen cho biet ham luong chi tt-im tich suoi C6c nam 2012 la 4328,0 mg/kg Ham lugng chi mlu tr&n tich song chl sau di8m hgp luu voi suoi Coc giai doan 2008 - 2012 ciing rat cao (1513,87 mg/kg) [10] Nhin chung, chdt lugng nuoc mat tai phucmg Cam Gia, TP Thai Nguyen bi nhiem chi vugt 6,4 l^n tieu chudn cho phep [7] Trong nhieu nam, nuoc suoi Coc dugc su dung lam nuoc tuoi nong nghiep, gay tich luy chi ciing nhu KLN dat nong nghiep vimg ven suoi Coc, phucmg Cam Gia, TP Thai Nguyen Viec xu ly lam sach dat nong nghiSp ven suoi Coc ciing nhu khu vuc Ian can khu lien hgp gang thep Thai Nguyen la rat can thiet Nhieu ky thuat khac co the ap dung de xu ly va lam sach moi trucmg dat bi nhiem chi bao gom ky thuSt hoa hpc, ky thuat vat ly va ky thuat sinh hpc hay ket hgp cac ky thuat khac xu ly dat bi nhilm chi tiiy timg — trucmg hgp va mirc nhiem cu th8 Trong do, ky thuat lam sach chi dat bang thuc vat dugc quan tam nhilu vi ky thuat than thien voi m6i truang va an toan hon Hien hai xu huang su dung thyc vSt xur ly nhiem chi dat dang dugc chii y \k nghien cuu su dung cac lo^i thuc vat sieu hap thu chi, nhung sinh truang cham, nang suat sinh khoi thap; sii dung cac loai thuc vat hap thii chi viia phai nhung sinh truang nhanh, nang suat sinh kh6i cao Sir d ^ g cac cay nong nghiep sinh tmong nhanh, cho nang suat sinh khoi cao, nhung kha nang h4p tiiu chi hon cac loai sieu hap thu chi chua dugc quan tam nghien ciiu nhieu Nhieu nghien ciiu da chi rang chien luge sir dung cac loai thuc vat hap thu kim loai n^ng thap, nhimg sinh khoi cao gan tuong duong voi sit dung cac loai thuc vat sieu hap thu kim loai nang nhung nang suat sinh khdi thip [5, U ] Nhung nghien ciiu vg ap dung cdc loai cay de xir ly lam sach dit bi nhilm kim loai nang cung nhu chi da va dang dugc quan tam cung xu huang sii dung cac lo^i thuc vat sieu hap thu kim loai nang [12,13] Trong s6 cac loai cay tr6ng, cac loai cay hp dau dugc quan tSm nhilu vi cac loai thuc vat hp dau -vira co kha nang xir ly lam sach dit, vira gop phan nang cao dp phi nhieu dit v^ CO the sii dung lam nguyen lieu cho san xuit nhiSn lieu sinh hpc nhu san xuit diu biodiesel tii hat dau tucmg Phuo-ng phap nghiSn cuu Doi tugng sir dung nghien ciiu la gi6ng dau tuang DT96 Giong DT96 dugc lira chgn nghien ciiu kha nang Tgp chi Khoa hoc Tdi nguyen vd Mdi truang -Sd 19- ndm 2018 hap thu chi dit boi vi giong DT96 tuong vao chau thi nghiem Phu lop rom CO nang suat cao, kha nang chiu han kha, mong de co djnh hat va tao dieu kien cho chiu nhieu Ioai benh, chiu dugc nong va hat mam Thucmg xuyen tuoi nuac ret tot [8] Hien giong DT96 dugc de dam bao am cho dit Sau 100 bien tai cac tinh trung du va gieo trong, thu hoach cay dau tuong, liy dong bang Bac Bp Nhu vay, giong DT96 mlu dit tiln hanh phan tich ham Iupng la phu hpp cho tren dat va dieu kien chi dat va cay dau tuong hau khu v\rc thupc TP, Thai Nguyen Ham lugng chi dat dugc phSn xir ly I^m sach d&t nhiem chi tich trudc tring cay dau tucmg thi Dat thi nghiem dugc lay dpc theo nghiem M6i miu dit phan tich dugc suoi Coc phuang Cam Gia, TP Thai ttpn hi ba mSu tu chau thi nghiem Sau Nguyen Dat phai kho khong khoang 100 gieo trong, dau tuong dieu kien thong thoang, Ioai bo cac tap dugc thu hoach, ham lugng chi dSt chat hon tap, trpn deu Can kg dat da va cay dau tuang dugc phan tich de xac dugc xic ly vao m6i chau thi nghiem dinh kha nang hip thu chi Mau cay dSu Chau thi nghiem cay dau tucmg tuong dugc liy dl phan tich ham lugng DT96 dugc lot nylon duai day chau chi gIm h6n hgp cac bg phan ciia cay la Bo sung thSm Pb"^^ duoi dang muoi chi r l c^y, than cay Phucmg phap ham nitrat PbCNOj)^ vao dit nSn lay tai khu luong chi dit va cay thuc hiSn theo vuc ven suoi Coc, phucmg Cam Gia, TP TCVN 6496:2009 tai Phong ph^n tich ttiing tam, Vien Tho nhuong Nong hoa Thai Nguyen voi ham lugng nhu sau: CTI: Dit nin khong b6 sung Pb*^ CT2: Dit nin b6 sung 500mg Pb*^/kgdit CT3: Dit nin b6 sung lOOOmg Pb+Vkg dit CT4: Dit nin b6 sung 2000mg Pb^Vkg dit CT5: Dit nin b6 sung 3000mg Pb^^/kg dit CT6: Dit nin b6 sung 4000mg Pb^^/kg dit CT7: Dit nin bo sung 5000mg Pb*^/kg dit M6i cong thiic thi nghiem dugc lap lai l§n Dit cdc chau thi nghiem dugc ^ im khoang 60 - 65% D6 dit qua mpt dem sau tiln hanh gieo hat dau Ket qua va thao luan Kit qua danh gia kha nang hap thu chi ciia cSy dau tuang thi nghiem DT96 duoc trinh bay tai bang Ket qua phan tich ham tugng chi dat trucfc c^y dau tucmg thi nghiem va sau thu hoach cay dau tuang thi nghiem DT96 cho thiy ham lugng chi dat CO xu hucmg giam ro ret a tat ch cac cong thiic thi nghiem Cong thiic (CTI) khong bo sung chi Pb(N03)2 vao dat thi nghiem, ham lugng chi tong s6 bmh quan giam tii 73,42 mg/kg dit xu6ng 54,57 mg/kg dit C6ng thiic (CT2) co muc dp suy giam thip hon c6ng thiic 1, giam tic 573,00 mg/kg xulng 535,92 mg/kg Cong thiic (CT3) giam tir 1043 mg/kg xulng Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tdi nguyen vd Mdi tru&ng -So 19 - ndm 2018 NghiSn cihi in, VI mg/kg Cong thiic (CT4) giam tit 2042 mg/kg xuSng 886,50 mg/kg Cong thiic (CT5) giam tir 3043 mg/ t n i l mg/kg n Cong n' r thuc tu.', kg xuong 1112,17 i ,„,6 giam tir 4042,67 mg/kg xuong 1962 dau tuong thi nghiem tai tit ca cac cong thiic thi nghiem Bang cho thiy ring ^ay dto tuomg thi nghiem co kha nang hap thu chi tang j dan nong chi bo sung dat tang qua cac cong thiic thi J « , , j ,, „ f , nghiem Muc hap thudat 9,15 mg/kg mg/kg Cong thirc (CT7) giam tu 5043 ^ ^^, 45^5^^^^ ^ ^12; 88,27 mg/ mg*g xu6ng 2021,67 mg/kg |^g ^ ^ ; 132,53 mg*g ft CT4; 211,83 Ham luong chi suy giam co quan mg/kg a CT5; 409,73mg/kg o CT6 v4 he thuan voi miic dp hip thu chi cua cay 966,53 mg/kgftCT7 Bing I Ham lirffng chi Irong ddi Iru&c va sau thu hoach cay dau tuffng nghiem DT96 Cong thiic CTI Ham liTQlig chi d^t triro'c trdng c^y dSu tmmg thi nghiam D ' T (mg/kg dit) Ham lufug chi d i t sau fhu hoach cay d l u tirong thi nghifm DT96 (mg/kg aSt) Lanl Lin Lin TB Lanl Lin Lin TB 73,50 72,25 74,50 73,42 54,50 54,70 54,50 54,57 CT2 572,00 574,00 573,00 573,00 530,25 540,25 537,25 535,92 CT3 1043,00 1041,00 1045,00 1043,00 723,75 725,50 732,25 727,17 CT4 2039,00 2044,00 2043,00 2042,00 887,50 880,50 891,50 886,50 CT5 3045,00 3042,00 3042,00 3043,00 1095,00 1121,00 1120,50 1112,17 CT6 4044,00 4041,00 4043,00 4042,67 1965,00 1970,00 1951,00 1962,00 CT7 5043,00 5042,00 5044,00 5043,00 2005,00 2010,00 2050,00 2021,67 Bang Hdm lirgng chi cay dau tuffng thi nghiem DT96 Ham lirpig chi Irong cay (mg/kg) Lirffng chi sinh lihdi kho cdy (%) Cong thii'c Chieu cao cay (cm) CTI 52,5 9,15 0,000915 CT2 48,3 49,65 0,004965 CT3 45,2 88,27 0,008827 CT4 40,8 132,53 0,013253 CT5 36,1 211,83 0,021183 CT6 31,2 409,73 0,040973 CT7 28,4 966,53 0,096653 Tap chi Khoa hgc Tdi nguyen vd Mdi tru&ng - Sd 19-ndm 2018 jygnien cuu Khi h ^ lugng chi bo sung tang gay lie che den sinh truang cua cay d^u tuong thi nghiem ro ret, bieu hien ro nhat a chi tieu chilu cao cay Cay dau tuong trong chau co ham lugng chi thap hem thi chilu cao cay la cao nhat (CTI) va giam din chilu cao c§.y hilm lugng chi bo sung tang dan Chieu cao thSp nh^t la CT chi dat 28cm Chieu cao cay co quan he voi sinh khoi, chieu cao giam dong nghia vai su suy giam luong sinh khoi lupng chi bo sung Qua thi nghiem nhom tac gia thay rang CTI, CT2, CT3, CT4 thi cay bieu hien sinh trucmg binh thuang Cac cay dau tuong tEii cac CT5, CT6 va CT7 co bieu hien cay coi cgc Hiu hit cac cay a CTV (bo sung lugng chi la 5000 mg/kg dit) dlu bi chit dugc - tuin tu6i Cay d^u tuong DT96 co kha nang chong chju dupe voi nong dp chi dit din miic lOOOmg/kg dat vi vcri cdc cay a CT2 (bl sung 500mg Pb+V kg dat) va CT3 (b6 sung lOOOmg Pb*^/kg dit), cay dau tuang bilu hien sinh truang tot, chilu cao cay gan bang cac cay d^u tuong tai CTI (khong b l sung chi vao dit thi nghiSm) So sanh kha nang hap thu chi cua cay dau tuong DT96 voi cac Ioai thuc vat sieu hap thu da dugc cac nha khoa hpc phat hien (thuc vat sieu hap thu la Ioai cay hip thu dugc lugng chi bang hay Icm hem 0,1% sinh khii kho cua cay) [1] cho bilt ciy dau tucmg DT96 khong bilu hien kha nang siSu hip phu, nhung ciing the hien kha nang hip thu chi kha cao so vai nhieu cay tring khac Miic dp hap thu chi ciia dau tucmg DT96 tang din ham lugng chi dit tang, biln dpng tit 0,000915% sinh khii kho din 0,096653 % sinh khii kho Dilu phu hop v6i nhieu nghiSn ciiu tren thS giai cho biet kha nang sieu hip thu kim Ioai nang noi chung va chi n6i riSng thupc vl hp Cue (Asteraceae), hp Cai (Brassicaceae), hp c i m chucmg (Caryophyllaceae), hp Coi (Cyperaceae), hp Dau (Fabacea), hp Miing Quan (Flacuortiaceae), hp Hoa Moi (Lamiaceae), hp Hoa thao (Poaceae), hp Hoa tim (Violaceae) va hp Thau dau (Euphobiaceae) [2, 9] Cac cay n6ng nghiep nhin chung CO miic dp hip thu chi thap hon cac loai thuc vat hoang da (tu nhiSn) nhu cay thom 6i, cay duong xi, co triu, co Vetiver, co Voi lai [3] Vi dii, nghiSn ciiu cua [3] cho biet cay thom 6i (Lantana camara L., thupc hg Verbenaceae) co kha nang hap thu chi > % sinh khoi kho, dugc coi la cay sieu hip thil chi dit Theo [3] da thi nghiSm kha nang chong chiu va hap thu chi cua mpt so loai thuc vat ban dia trSn dia ban tinh Thai Nguyen cho biet kha nang chong chiu va hip thu chi ciia mpt s6 Ioai thuc vat Cay duong xi Pteris vittata c6 kha nang chong chiu chi dit din miic ham lugng 4000mg/kg dat Cai xanh la cay tring c6 kha nang hip thu chi kha tot, chong chiu dugc dat nhiem chi cao din 3000mg/kg dat Co Voi lai nhap khiu tir Trung Quoc cung CO kha nang chlng chiu ham lugng chi dit a miic 3600 mg/kg v^ hap thu chi rat tot, rS cay co Voi Iai hap thu d^t 1009,7 ± 253,7 mg/kg r l co kho va 164,3 ± 35,7 mg/kg than co kho Kit luan Thi nghiSm kha nang hap thu chi cua gilng dau tuong DT96 cho biet gilng dau tuang DT96 co the chong chiu vh sinh truong binh thuang vai dat nhilm chi nlng dp 1000 mg/kg dat NSu nong dp chi tang dan thi c^y biSu hien sinh trucmg coi coc, chieu cao cay thip din va hlu hit cac cay dau thuang chit a nlng dp 5000 mg/kg dit So sanh Tap chi Khoa hgc Tdi nguyen vd Mdi truang - So 19 - nam 2018 Nghien cOu kha nang hip thu chi cua giong dau tucmg voi cac cay sieu hap thp cho thay, cay dau tucmg DT96 khong co kha nang sieu hip thii chi, song no co the tra cay tiSm nang cho xir ly dat nhiSm chi voi nlng dp vira phai vi ciy dau tucmg sinh tnicmg nhanh, sinh khoi lan Ngoai kha nang lam sach dat nhiem chi, ciy dau tuang co kha nang co dmh dam nen chiing c6 vai tro nang cao dp phi dat, hat dau tuang c6 thS sii dimg lam nhiSn lieu sinh hpc Nhom tac gia kiSn nghi can co nhiing nghien cuu tiep theo trSn nhilu gilng dau tuong khac nua dS dua danh gia day dii hon ve kha nang hap thu chi ciia cay dau tuong TAI LllgU THAM KHAO [1] Baker A.J.M., Brooks R.R., (1989) Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements A review of their distribution ecology and phytochemistry Biorecovery, 1, 81-116 [2] Baker A.J.M., McGrath S.P., Reeves R.D.H,, (2000) Phytoremediation of contaminated sod and water Eds.N Terry and G S Banuelos CRC, USA, 85107 [3] Dang Dinh Kim va cs., (2010) Bdo cdo tdng di tdi Nghien cieu su dung thuc vgt de cdi tgo ddt d nhiem kim logi ngng tgi cdc vung khai thdc khodng sdn Vien Cong nghe moi tnrong, Vien Ham ISm khoa hoc v^ cong nghe Viet Nam [4] Diep Thj My Hpnh., Gamier Zarli E., Lantana Camara L., (2007) Thicc vdt cd khd ndng hdp thu Pb Pong ddt di gidi o nhiem Tap chi Phat triln KH&CN, tap 10, s6 01-2007 [5] Malgorzata Poniedzialek, Agnieszka Sekara, Elzbieta Jedrszczyk, Jarostaw Ciura., (2010) Phytoremediation efficiency of crop plants in removing cadmium, lead and zinc from soil Folia Horticulturae Arm 22/2: 25-31 [6] Khan, S K , (2008) Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops Irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China Envirormiental Pollution, 153(3), 868-892 doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.056 [7] Ngo Van Gioi va Nguyln Thi Nham Tuit (2012) Ddnh gid dnh huang cua nu&c thdi tie mgt sd nhd mdy din chdt lugng nu&c mat vd ngu&i tgi phucmg Cam Gid, thdnh phd Thdi Nguyen Ttip chi Khoa hpc va Cong nghg, Dai hpc Thai Nguyen, 93(05); - [8] Mai Quang Vinh, Ngo Phuang Thmh, Trin Quang Quy, Pham Thi Eao Chung (2003), Ket qud khu vuc hoa giong ddu tuang chiu hgn, chdt lugng cao DT96 Vien Di tmyin N6ng nghiep, Bp Nong nghiep va Phat trien N6ng thon [9] Prasad M.N.V, Freitas O.H.M., (2003) Metal hyperaccumulation in plants biodiversity prospecting for phytoremediation technology Electronic J of Biotechnology, vol 6, N3, 276-312 [10] So Tai nguyen v^ Moi tnicmg Thai Nguyen (2012) Hiin trgng mdi truang khu cdng nghiep gang thep Thdi Nguyen Thai Nguyen [11] Sekara A., Poniedzialek M., Ciura J., Jedrszczyk E., (2005) Cadmium and lead accumulation and sistribution in the organs of nine crops: Implications for phytoremediation Polish Journal of Environmental Studies Vol 14, No 4, 509516 [12] Tlustos P., Szakova J., Hmby J., Hartman L, Najmanova J., Nedelnik J., Pavlikova D., Batysta M., (2006) Removal of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn from contaminated soil by high biomass producing plants Plant Soil Environ., 52 (9): 413^23 [13] Wuana R.A., Okieimen F.E., (2010) Phytoremediation potential of maize (Zea maysL.) A review African Joumal of General Agriculture Vol 6, No 4,December31,2010 BBT nhan b^i: 06/02/2018; Phan biSn xong; 12/3/2018 Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tdi nguyen vd Mdi truang - Sd 19 - nam 2018 ... nghien ciiu la gi6ng dau tuang DT96 Giong DT96 dugc lira chgn nghien ciiu kha nang Tgp chi Khoa hoc Tdi nguyen vd Mdi truang -Sd 19- ndm 2018 hap thu chi dit boi vi giong DT96 tuong vao chau thi nghiem... nuac ret tot [8] Hien giong DT96 dugc de dam bao am cho dit Sau 100 bien tai cac tinh trung du va gieo trong, thu hoach cay dau tuong, liy dong bang Bac Bp Nhu vay, giong DT96 mlu dit tiln hanh phan... ciia cSy dau tuang thi nghiem DT96 duoc trinh bay tai bang Ket qua phan tich ham tugng chi dat trucfc c^y dau tucmg thi nghiem va sau thu hoach cay dau tuang thi nghiem DT96 cho thiy ham lugng chi
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