PETROVIETNAM V NGHIEN Cl/U KHA NANG OAU TLf NHA M A Y SAN XUAT ETHYL ACETATE T J ETHANOL ThS Phan Gia Heu Cam, ThS Le DUcTng Hli, KS-Tran Hong Loan KS Triftfng Minh Hue, KS Nguyin Dai Long, ThS Nguyin Thj Hoai An ThS Pham Ngoc Kien, ThS Tran Nam Thanh Vien Dau Viet Nam Email: campgt@pvpro.com.vn Ethyl acetate Id hda chdt chu yiu duac dung ldm dung mdi sdn xudt cdc chdt phd bi mat vd ldm dung mdi cho ngdnh mUc in Bdi bdo gi^ thiiu khd ndng ddu tUxdy diing nhd mdy sdn xudt ethyl acetate tU nguon nguyin lieu ethanot duac sdn xudt tdcdc nhd mdy nhien lieu sinh hgc cdc dem vi thdnh vien thupc Tap dodn Ddu Viet Nam tham gia ddu tU Nhdm tdc gid nghiin cdu hai phUdng dn: dpc lap vd tich hap vdi cdc nhd mdy nhiin lieu sinh hoc, Nhd mdy Lgc ddu Dung Qudt, Nhd mdy Ogm Phu My (tgi cdc dia diem Phu Thg, Qudng Ngdi, B'mh PhUdc vd Phu My), dUa tren cdc tieu chi vi thi trudng nguyin liiu, sdn phdm, cdng nghi, von ddu tuvd hiiu qud kinh ti- xd hpi Kit qud nghien cvfu cho thdy viic tiin hdnh ddu tUxdy dung nhd mdy sdn xudt ethyl acetate tgi Qudng Ngdi, tich hop vdi Nhd mdy Lgc ddu Dung Qudt, cd thi duac xem nhumpt phuang dn dendng cao khd ndng tieu thu ethanolsinh hgc tgi thj trUdng nUdc TCt khoa: Nha mdy ethyl acetate, tieu thu ethanol, da dang hda sdn pham 1, Giai thieu cae san pham khic (methyl ethylene glycol, aeid acetic, Thiie hien "£>^ an phat trien nhien li&u sinh hoe den nam 2015, tam nhin den nam 2025" ctia Thu tudng Chinh phCi [1], cac don vi vien cCia Tap doan Dau khiViet Nam da tham gia gop von, dau tU nha may san xuat nhien lieu sinh hpe tai Phu Thp, QuSng Ngai va Binh Phudc vdi tong cong suat 300.000 mVnam ThUe hi&n Lp trinh eua Chinh phu v^ ap dung ty le phoi trpn nhien lieu sinh hpc vdi nhien li^u truyen thdng [22], nam 2014, Tap doan D i u Viet Nam da phoi hop vdi Bp Cong Thuang, Oy ban Nhan d3n mot so tinh va Tap doan Xang dau Viet Nam trien khai phan phdi thay the hoan toan xang Mogas 92 truyen thong bSng xang E5 tai Quing Ngai t d 1/9/2014, tai Oa Ning t d 1/11/2014, tai Quang Nam tdngay 31/12/2014.Tuy nhien, san lugng ti&u thu ethanol van d mde thap Nam 2014, sin lugng ethanol eua Nha may skn xuat nhien lieu sinh hoc Dung Quit dat 17.590m^ Trong do, Cdng tyTNHH MTV Lpc - Hoa dau Binh Son (BSR) chi sd dung 1.225m* de phoi trdn 19.367 tan xang E5 [23] cijng duge xem xet ETBE, di-ethyl ether, butadien, ethylene va ethyl acetate) Danh gia ban dau ve tuong quan giOa quy md cdng suat tdi thieu de dat hieu q u i kinh te va kha nang eung cap nguyen lieu, tieu thu san pham cung n h u d a n h g i l v e hieu q u i tai chinh sa bo cho thay san pham thich hgp de san xuat t d ethanol sinh hoc la ETBE va ethyl acetate Trong do, viee nghien edu tinh kha thi cOa viec dau tU xay dung Nha may san xuat ETBE da duoc Vien Diu khiViet Nam (VPI) thuc hien nam 2011 va dugc dang tai tren Tap ehi Diu nam 2012 [23] Ddng thdi, Tap doan Dau khiViet Nam da giao Trung tam Nghien cdu va Phat trien Che bien Dau (PVPro) thupc Vien Dau Viet Nam nghien edu k h i nang d i u t u xay dung N h i may sin xuat ethyl acetate de tim g i l i phap tieu thu ethanol eho eac nha m i y san xuat nhien lieu sinh hoc Tren cO sd nghien edu thj trUdng nguyen lieu, sin pham, cong nghe sin xuat va phuang an dau tu xay dung Nhieu giai phap da dugc de xuat nham dam bao nguon tieu thu cho ethanol nhU:ThUc hien dung Lp trinh i p dung ty" le phoi trpn nhien lieu sinh hpe vdi nhien lieu truyen thong; cae chinh sach Uu dai cho sin xuat nhien lieu sinh hpe; d i y manh truyen thdng nham nang eao nhan thdc cpng dong ve nhien lieu sinh hoe Ngoai ra, mgt so phuang an sd dyng ethanol l i m nguyen \iiu san xuat nha m i y ethyl acetate doe lap hoac ket hop vdi elc nha may sin xuat ethanol, Nha m i y Lpc dau Dung Quat hay Nha may Dam Phu My, nhdm tae g i l nit ket luan ve kha nang dau tU nha m i y sin xult ethyl acetate t d nguon nguyen lieu nude, dong thdi de xuat hudng sddung ethanol phu hop tai moi dia diem KINH TE - QUAN LY DAU KHI Ngi dung 2.1 Thj trUdng nguyin lieu vd sdn phdm 2.1.1 Thi trudng ethanol 2.1.3 Thi trudng hydro Do su phat trien manh cua nganh luyen thep va san xuat kinh noi, nhu c l u sd dung hydro tang trucfrig manh va dat mde 11,4 trieu m^ vao nam 2012, dugc dap ilng Hien nay, Viet Nam cd nha m i y sin xult ethanol bang nguon sin xuat nude (hon 99,9%).Tuy nhien, phue vu cho phit trien nhien lieu sinh hpc vdi tong cong elc hd ti^u thy hydro Idn chu yeu sd dung nguon hydro suit thiet ke la 512 trieu lit ethanol/nam Do kho khan qua he thong dudng ong t d xudng sin xult npi bo hoac viec tim kiem thi trUdng tieu thu cho sin pham, cac t d nha cung cap lan can (83% tong tieu thu) Doi vdi thi nha may hien dang tlnh trang sin x u l t elm ehdng trudng hydro b i n le, lupng cung eip bing xe bon cao ap hoac tam ddng sin xuat, san lugng tieu thu dat thap so va ddng chai chiem ty trpng 27% va 3% tren tong nhu cau vdi eong suat thiet ke ban dau K h d n g 80% sin luang hydro e l nUde, tUong duang 3,6 tri&u m' va 0,4 trieu m' ethanol nUdc dugc xult khau sang Nhit Bin, Han nam 2013, sau dd tang len hon tneu m' va 0,9 trieu m' Quoc va Philippines [7 -11] vao nam 2025 Thi trUdng tieu thu hydro cung tap trung Su du thda eong suit ethanol phu thuoe vao tien chO y^u d khu vUc mien Nam (83%) dd I p dung L6 trinh phdi trpn xang E5 va EIO Chi 2.2 Cdng nghi vd gidi phdp ky thudt cdng nghe trudng hop 100% xang tieu thu tren thj trddng dupe thay 2.2.1 Cdng nghe [18-20] the bing EIO td nam 2017, nhu cau ethanol nhien lieu mdi vuot nang cung cap cCia cic nha m i y ethanol Cdng nghe san xuat ethyl acetate hi#n dang dugc ap Viee sd dung ethanol de sin xuat ethyl acetate se duoe dung tren the gidi gom: edng nghe ester hoa acid acetic xem la gili phap de nang eao kha nang tieu thu ethanol va ethanol, eong nghe ngUng tu acetaldehyde, cong nghe sinh hpc dehydro hda ethanol eong nghe dUa tr^n phin dng cong 2.1.2 Thi trudng ethyl acetate tae g i l lUa chon cdng nghe ester hda acid acetic va cong ethylene Do nguyen lieu nghien cdu la ethanol nen nhom Nam 2012, Viet Nam nhap khau khoing 37.000 tan ethyl acetate tdTrung Quoc (69%), Singapore (21%), Dai Loan (9%) va Han Quoc (1%), chu yeu vao khu vue mien Nam (91%), phyc vu cho eac nganh cong nghiep son (64%), cong nghiep mUe in (24%) va san xuat da nhan tao, chat ket dinh nghe dehydro hda ethanol de danh g i l , so sinh va tim phuong I n cdng nghe phii hgp Cdng nghe sin xuat ethyl acetate td acid acetic va ethanol: Sddung nguyen lieu la acid acetic (n6ngd6 > 98%) va ethanol (nong dp > 95%) thUe hien phan Ong ester hoa - * tach pha -> tinh ehe - * tao sin phim la ethyl acetate va nudc Nguon cung ethyl acetate t d elc nha may sin xuat tap trung d cic khu vUc gan nguon nguyen lieu va co nhu elu tieu thu eao Dac biet, elc nha m i y sin xuat ethyl acetate trUc tiep t d ethanol thudng dUOc xay dung tai noi cd nhu cau sd dung hydro, san pham phu eua Cong nghe sin xuat ethyl acetate tif ethanol (Hinh 1) Vdi eong ngh^ nay, ethanol ia nguyen lieu nhat eiia q u i trinh edn sin pham ciHa qua trinh ngoai ethyl acetate cdn CO hydro q u i trinh sin xuat ethyl acetate, de lam nhien lieu hcac Ethanol nguyen lieu, dat tieu chuin ethanol dau vao nguyen lieu cho cae nha may hda chit eo edng suat cua cum dehydro hda, se dugc hda hoi v l nap vao thift bj trung binh Hien nay, Viet Nam van chUa cd dU I n xay dUng nha may sin xuat ethyl acetate Thi trudng ethyl acetate tai Viet Nam van luon tlnh trang thieu hyt (Udc dat khoang 104.000 tan nam 2025) va se tiep tue duge bd sung b i n g nguon n h i p khau phin dng dehydro hda.Vi qua trinh dehydro hoa ethand thu nhiet nen can phli gia nhiet trung gian de tri nhi^ phin dng San pham dehydro hda se dugc lam ngupi va phan tach Idng hoi Dong hoi ehda phin Idn hydro se dugc rda bdi dong ethanol n h i p ligu d^ thu hoi mot phan ethyl acetate Ddng san pham long t d eym dehydro h6a duoc dua den cum hydro hda chon Igc de loai bd eac hop Chat lugng ethyl acetate tieu thu d Viet Nam (trong ung dung lam dung moi pha son) ehu yeu la loai hoa chat tinh khiet nong td 99,5 - 99,9%, ham lugng cac tap chat tuong doi thap 62 DAU KHl so 3/2015 chat carbonyl Dong sin pham rdi khdi eym hydro hoa ehCi yeu ehda ethyl acetate va mdt phin ethanol chUa phin dng se dugc dUa den mgt ehu6i thi^t bj chung cat l p suat khac de phan rieng elc c l u td h6n hdp PETROVIETNAM -Off-Gas _! Tinh che ] j hydro j Phuong I n xly dUng •- Hydro nha may tich hop vdi nha may ethanol [8,12] •^6 Dehydro h6a Ethyl Acetate Hydro hoa Tinh che sin pham Hinh Sado tong quan cdng nghi san xudt ethyl acetate Ethanol, hoa chat Phan xudng e6ng ngh& (Ethanol -»Ethyl Acetate) , • Dien, nudc Phan xudng phu trd (san xuat hoi nudc, nude lam matkhin^n He thong tien ich (nh^ dieu ^ Ethyl Acetate, hanh, khu xCf Hydro ly nude thSi, kho ehda, xuat nhap nguyen lieu, -Chat thii san pham, ) Hinh So 66 khoi dan gidn mdld nhd mdy san xudt ethyl acetate doc Idp diing phi San p h i m ethyl acetate tmh khiet sau dugc ton trd va sddung De xuat quy trinh cong nghe X^t mot each tong the, cong nghe san xuat ethyl acetate t d ethanol va aeid acetic (cong nghe eua Trung Qudc) cd loi the hon so vdi ehi sd dung ethanol (nha b i n quy^n chau Au) ve mat tieu hao tien ieh va von dau tu.Tuy nhign, nhuge diem ciia eong nghe la khong sd dung nhi^u ethanol so vdi cong nghe ehi sd dung ethanol va cin p h l i dau t u he thong tien ich cho viec nhap hoac dau tu nha may san xuat acid acetic (td CO va methanol) Ba nha may sin xuat nhien lieu sinh hoe, Nha may Loc dau Dung Quit va Nha m i y Dam Phii My deu cd CO sd tang va/hoae cd nguon nguyen lieu hole cd kha nang sddung san pham hydro eCia nha may ethyl acetate Nhdm tae g i l danh gia so bp ve eac thuan Ipi va khd khan xay dung Nha may san xuat ethyl acetate tai timg khu vUc (Bing 1) 2.3 Phuang dn ddu dja diem tudcdc 2.3.1 Quy md cdng sudt Dua tren nhu eau thj trudng, nang d i m bao nguon nguyen lieu cho nha may va yeu eau eong nghe, nhdm tac g i l de x u l t xay dUng Nha may sin xult ethyl acetate vdi edng suat 50.000 tIn/nam, boat dong td nam 2017 D i p dng eong suat can khoing 56.000 tan ethanol Lugng ethanol hoan toan cd the d i p dng du t d nguon cung nudc Trong q u i trinh sin xuat, ngoai san p h i m chinh ethyl acetate cd san p h i m phy la hydro vdi sin lugng khoang 21 trieu Nm^hydro/nam (tuong duong 1.900 tan/ nam) Dy kien, hydro se dUOc cung cap cho elc nha may tieu thy hydro nhU nha may sin xuat hydro ddng chai/ xe bon, nha may san xult oxy gia hole Nha may Lpc d i u Dung Quit nang cap/md rpng Cong nghe dehydro hda ethanol dugc danh gia la phti hgp vdi tinh hinh Viet Nam lugng ethane! sin xuat 2.3.2 Tong miic ddu tUvd hieu qud kinh tecua dudn nhi^u hOn so vdi nhu clu thue t^ v l ddOc dam b l o bdi n h i cung cap b i n quyen eong nghe cd uy tin Tdng mdc dau tU cCia du an gom cae khoan muc nhu chi phi xay dung, chi phi thiet bi, chi phi khac, ehi phi du 2.2.2 Gidi phdp ky thudt cdng nghe PhdOng an xay dUng nha miy dpc l i p N h i may sin x u l t ethyl acetate dpc l i p gom p h i n xddng cong nghe, p h i n xudng phu trg va he thdng phu trg phuc vu cho boat dpng sin x u l t kinh doanh Mpi hoat ddng cOa nha m i y theo phUOng an hoan toan doe lap vdi nha may s i n x u l t ethanol phong va truot g i l Hieu q u i kmh te cua cac phuang an d i u t u xay dUng nha m i y sin xuat ethyl acetate tai cac dia diem dugc phan tich va danh gia dUa t r i n cae gia djnh sau: vong ddi d u an (20 nam); thdi gian x l y dUng (2 nam); thdi diem dau t u d u kien (nam 2015) Vdn vay va chi phi lai vay vdi lai suit ed dinh duge hoan t r i thdi gian nam sau thdi oiu KHl-sd 3/2015 63 K I N H T E - Q U A N LY D A U K H i Bdngl.DanhgidsabdthudnlavdkhdkhdnkhiddtxaydUngmmdysanxiidtethylacetatetgi4dio