Hoi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe bien loan quic lan thir 100 BIEN BONG HAM LlTONG AMONI (NH4") TRONG NlTdC VUNG cii A SONG Bi^CH DANG Pham Thi Kha, Cao Thi Thu Trang, Vu Thj Luu, Jean-Pascal Torreton, Chu Van Thupc Vien Tdi nguyen va Mdi trudng Biln Email: khant@imer.ac.vn Tom tat Sdng Bgch Ddng ndm khu vuc cd tog dia ly iod'37'00" lOfOO'OO" kinh Dong vd 21°00'00"- 2lf35'00" vi Bdc, chdy giiia huyen Yen Hung (Qudng Ninh) vd Thuy Nguyen (Hdi Phong) Hai ben ba song tap trung khu cong nghiep quan trgng cua thdnh phd Hdi Phong v&i cdc hogt dgng cong nghiep, ndng nghiep vd nudi thuy sdn dien mgnh me,^ ngoai ddy cdn Id vimg cd cdng bien Idn cdc hogt dgng tdu thuyen dien tap nap Cdc hogt dgng kinh te - xd hgi dgc hai ben bd sdng Id nguySn nhdn chinh dnh hudng tdi chdt lugng mdi trudng nude sdng Bgch Ddng Bdi bdo tap trung nghien ciru bien dgng hdm lugng amoni moi trudng nude d vimg cua sdng Bgch Ddng Cdc so lieu quan trdc vdo miia mua (thdng 7/2008) miia khd (thdng 3/2009) vd quan trdc lien tuc hdng thdng tir thdng 10/2009 den thdng 10/2010 cho thdy hdm lucmg amoni nude khu vuc sdng Bach Ddng dao dgng trgng khodng tit 16,55 - 562,3pg/l Hdm lugng dd vugt tieu chudn cho phep theo QCVN 10:2008 Kit qud quan trdc hdng thdng cho thdy hdm lugng amoni cao vdo thdng 12 din thdng vd tie thdng din thdng vd thip vda thdng din thdng vd tic thdng 10 din thdng 12 Abstract CHANGE OF AMONI CONCENTRATION (NH/) IN BACH DANG ESTUARY Bach Dang river located within the area of iod'37'00" - 107°00'00" Eand 21°00'00"- 2(f35'00"N, runs through two districts of Hung Yen (Quang Ninh) and Thuy Nguyen (Hai Phong) Along its banks are concentrated with important industrial zones of Hai Phong and big seaports with busy shipping These activities are mainly reasons impacting on water quality in the area This paper presents the change of amoni concentration in Bach Dang estuary based on monitoring data in July 2008, March 2009 and monthly monitoring from October 2009 ta October 2010 Monitoring results show that water in Bach Dang estuary is polluted by amoni Amoni concentration ranged from 16.55 to 562.3pg/l, exceeded Vietnamese standard (QCVN 10:2008) Amoni concentration is usually high from July to September and low from Tiiu ban Sinh thdi, Moi tnr&ng vd qudn ly Biin = =_^= 10 Octerber to December The stratification (high value in surface layer) of amoni concentration is obviously observed in the dry season Along transects, the tendency of amoni concentration is decreasingfromnear-shore stations to offshore stations This indicates that amoni is mainly fi-om landbased sources L MO DAU Cac hgp chit hoa hoc cua nito cd mot vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi mdi trudng va su sdng ciia sinh v$t Khdng cd cac hgp chat sinh vat khdng the tdn t?i va phat trien Tuy nhien, nude qua giau ham lugng hgp chit sS gay hien tugng phii dudng, tao dilu kien thuan loi cho thi^c v^t phat trien gay hien tugng nd hoa ciia thuc vat ndi (ching han, hien tugng thuy trieu do) Trong khuon khd ciia de tai: ^^Nghiin ciru dnh hu&ng nhdn sinh vd thuy dgng luc tai cdc qudn xS thuc vgt phii du vd vi khuan noi & viing cua song Bgch Ddng" (2008 -2010), khao sat va quan trie bien dgng cac dang tdn t^i cua nito mdi trudng nude vung cua sdng la mpt nhiing ndi dung chinh Day cimg la lan dau tien, vi|c khao sat va quan trac vdi tin xuit cao theo miia va theo thang thdi gian mpt nam lien tuc dugc td chiic thirc hien Cac ket qua khao sat ve bien ddng ham lugng amoni (NRj^) mua mua (thang 7/2008), miia khd (thang 3/2009) va quan trie lien tuc hang thang tir thang 10/2009 din thang 10/2010 tai khu vuc ciia sdng Bach Dang - Hai Phdng trinh bay nghien cuu da gdp phin lam rd hue tranh phan bd ciia nito d dang amoni va khing djnh xu the Cling nhu ngudn phat thai cac dang tdn tai ciia nito vao mdi trudng bien d vimg cira sdng Bach Dang IL TAI LI|:U VA PHl/OXG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU Ngoai nhiing tu lieu tir cac nghien cihi trudc day dugc dung de tham khao, ngudn dii lieu chinh dugc su dung nghien ciiu cd dugc tir dl tai ''Nghien cuu dnh huang nhdn sinh va thuy dgng luc tai cdc qudn xd thuc vgt phu du vd vi khuan ndi & vung cua song Bgch Ddng" (2008 - 2010) cac phuong phap dilu tra, khao sat bien va vung cura sdng tuan thu theo Qui pham dieu tra nghien ciiu biln nam 1982 Thu mau va phan tich amoni nude biln theo Mau nude biln dugc thu theo tieu chuin TCVN 5998 - 1995 - Chit lugng nude Mau nude dugc liy bing thilt bi thu mau chuyen dyng sau dd dung vao chai nh\ra 0,5 lit va dugc cd dinh bing hoa chit dl ngan chan su phat trien ciia vi khuan Amoni (NH4*) mau dugc xii li vdi hypochlorte va phenol mdi trudng kiem de hinh phirc xanh indophenol va dugc so miu tren quang phd ke DR/2000 (hang HACH, USA) d budc sdng 630 nm Pham vi nghien cuu bao cao la khu vuc cua sdng Bach Ding, dugc bd tri theo m^t cit: mat cit Cat Ba - Cat Hai bao gdm cac tram T18, T26, T29, T30; mat cit Bgch Ding bao gdm cac tram T4, TIO, T15, T23, T28; va mat cit Van Uc bao gdm cac tram VUI, VU2,VU3, VU4 nhu ban dd (hinh 1) Hdi nshi Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe biin loan 102 •H—' •• ^^^a^^' Transect quocjanjhu^ f ^ ^ a ^ H Dang J S3cn a " CamRiver ^ ^^^V^v^ S|v nr°'^Mn' ^ , ,"^.^ 3,,.^, " * " ' 'J Uch Tray i>-L - - \^ HHL ^^^H^^B \s?^ -.^ ^ ^ ô ã ^ g |gw III n Hiiri -us t ««( \ , ^ UR^' .JVV 5^ xv'^^^H ^^I^H& P^-^ ' Cat Ba Island V\ "^ vv-m °^' ^ ^OoSon"'' ^^^n ^ \ ^ _, ,.'^, ^ ã'' ô?.' ã* -^ J"'"' ,' - t ^ g _o.JUllUWft.liJ AOCPttamssia II^SOOOO Hinh Sa vi tri cdc mgt cdt khdo sdt khu vuc cua song Bgch Ddng KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Bien dpng ham lirgng amoni theo m&a Ham lugng amoni trung binh tgi cac mat cit dao dgng tir 58,1 - 153,9 (xg/I So vdi gidi han cho phep theo QCVN thi ham lugng amoni tai mat cit Bach Ding va Van Uc da vugt tieu chuan cho phep tu 1,1 - 1,5 lan Ham lugng amoni vl mua mua cao hon so vdi miia khd tai mat cat Cat Ba - Cat Hai va mat cit Bach Ding, ridng mat cit van Uc ham lupng amoni mua mua thip hon mua khd (hinh 2) QC\'S 10.200S J • Hinh 2: Hdm luang amoni trung binh tgi cdc mgt cdt Tiiu ban Sinh thdi Moi tru&ng vd.qudn ly Bien 103 1.1 Bien dpng ham lu'p'ng amoni tai mat cat Cat Ba - Cat Hai Tgi mat cat Cat Ba - Cat Hai, ham lugng amoni dao dpng khoang tir 66,5 - 128,5 |ig/l, vao mua mua ham lugng dao dpng tii 83,7 - 128,5 |j,g/l, mua khd ham lugng dao dOng tir 66,5- 89,0 \ig/L Ham lugng amoni giam dan tir tram gin bd T18 hram xa bd T30 Ham lugng amoni tai cac tram vao mua mua cao hon miia khd tir 1,26 - 1,44 lin Nhin chung, tai mat cat Cat Ba - Cat Hai, ham lugng amoni van tieu chuan cho phep trir tram Tl vao miia mua (hinh 3) T30 Truiiebinh Hinh3: Hdm luang amoni tgi cdc mat cat Cdt Bd - Cdt Hdi 120.00 100.00 80 00 I 60 00 40 00 20 00 00 Hinh 4: Phdn bo hdm lugng amoni theo tdng tgi mat cdt Cdt Bd — Cdt Hdi Ham lugng amoni mau nude ting mat tai mat cit Cat Ba - Cat Hai cao hon d tang day ca miia mua va miia khd tii 1,1 - 1,4 lan Chenh lech ve ham lugng amoni dtang mlt va tang day vao miia khd ro ret hon mua mua (hinh 4) 1.2 Bien d^ng ham lupng amoni tai mat cat Bach Ding Tai m^t cat Bach Ding, ham lugng amoni vao mua mua dao ddng tir 84,7 - 128,8 pg/1, mua khd dao ddng tir 30,1 - 104,1 [ig/l Ham lugng amoni vao mua mua cao hon miia khd 1,3 - 7,4 lan Ham lugng amoni tai cac tram gan bd T4, TIO, T15 vugt tieu chuan cho phep Ham lugng amoni giam din tir tram gan bd tram xa bd nen tai tram xa bd T23, T28 ham lugng amoni vin tieu chuin cho phep (hinh 5) idn thir V Hoi nshi Khoa hpc vd Cdng ngh? biin toan gudc^ Hinh 5: Hdm lugng nitrat tgi cdc mat cdt Bgch Dang 120.0 100 soo i 60 40 20 ' BDI BD2 D NH4 (T7) M GNH4fT7)D BD3 BtM T Tr?m ^Q^ BD2 • NH4 (13) M B NH4 (T3) D BD3 BD4 Tr^m Hinh 6: Phdn bo hdm luang amoni theo tdng tgi mat cdt Bgch Ddng Vao miia khd, ham lugng amoni mau nude ting mat tai mat cat Bach Dang cao hon d tang day tir 1,3 - 1,7 lan Tuy nhien, ve mua mua s\r khac biet giua tang mat va tang day la kha nhd Tai tram BD3 va BD4 ham lugng amoni d ting mat cao hon ting day 1,05 - 1,06 lan Tgi tram BDI va BD2, ham lugng amoni d tang day cao hon d ting mat 1,1 l,4iin(hinh6) 1.3 Bien dong ham lup'ng amoni tai mat cat Van Uc Tai mat cat van Uc, ham lugng amoni vao miia mua dao ddng tir 87,8 - 103,1 |ag/l, miia khd dao dpng tir 120,4- 188,2 |ig/l Ham lugng amoni trung binh vao miia mua la 97,38^g/l, vao miia khd la 153,9 |ig/l Ham lugng amoni tai hiu hit cac tram vao miiakhfi deu vugt tieu chuin cho phep, vao miia mua gin dat gidi han cho phep Tai mgt cit nay, ham lugng amoni vao miia mua thap hon so miia khd tir 0,53 - 0,83 lin (hinh 7) Tiiu ban Sinh thdi, Moi tru&ng vd qudn ly Biin 105 100 Hinh 7: Hdm lugng Amoni tgi m^t cdt Vdn l)c 200.0 140 00 120 00 150 ; t = 100.0 : 50,0 100 00 • 80.00 60.00 40 00 • 20 00 0,00 • r4 TIO T nNH4fT7)M B NH4 (T7) D Hinh 8: Phdn bo hdm lugng amoni theo tdng tgi mat cdt Vdn Uc Tgi mat cat Van Uc, vao miia khd, ham lugng amoni mau nude tang mat cao hon d tang day Vao miia mua s\r phan tang the hien khdng ro ret nhu miia kho (hinh 8) Bien dong ham lupng amoni theo thoi gian Ket qua quan trac hang thang tgi mat cat Bach Dang vao nam 2010 cho thay, ham lugng amoni tai mat cat dao dpng tir 23,4 - 173,3 pg/I, ham lugng amoni cao vao thang 12 den thang va tir thang dSn thang va thap vao thang den thang va tir thang 10 din thang 12 Ket qua cung phii hgp vdi ket qua quan trac vao miia mua va miia khd nam 2009 Ham lugng amoni tai mat cit deu cao vao miia mua va thip hon vao miia khd Miia mua cac chat dinh dudng hoa tan theo nude chay tir thugng ngudn cira sdng din den gia tang ham lugng amoni vao miia mua tgi khu vuc Mat cit Bach Ding la ciia chinh ciia sdng Bgch Ding, cac chit dinh dudng tir cac nhanh sdng Cim, Bgch Ding diu dd cua Ham lugng amoni cd xu hudng tang dan tir mua kho (thang 3) sang miia mua va dat cue dgi vao thang miia mua (thang 8) sau dd Igi giam dan dat cue tieu vao khoang thang 10, thang 11 sau Igi tang din tir thang 12 din thang (hinh 9) Hoi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghj biin loan quoc Idn thd — Tr5ir4 — — Tram 10 - • • - • • T r a m l j —»