Đánh giá khả năng tích tụ sinh học chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ bền PCBs và PAHs vùng vịnh hạ long

Tiiu ban Sinh thdi, Moi tnr&ng vd qudn ly Bien DANH GIA KHA NANG TICH TV SINH HOC CHAT NHIEM HtJtJ CO BEN PCBs va PAHs VUNG VINH HJ^ LONG Duo-ng Thanh Nghi"^ Tran Diic Thanh*'^ Trin Van Quy*^*; 06 Quang Huy*^' (1): Vien Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng bien, sd 246 dudng Da Nang, Hai Phdng; (2): Khoa Mdi trudng, trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc tu nhien, Dai hgc Qudc Gia Ha Ndi Email: nghidt@imer.ac.vn Tdm tit Chdt nhiem hihi ca bin PCBs vd PAHs duac khdo sdt dong bg ba hap phdn moi tru&ng: nu&c trdm tich vd sinh vgt Vinh Hg Long vdo hai dot (thdng 10 ndm 2008 vd thdng ndm 2009) Kit qud cho thdy, moi truang nu&c: ndng ^CBs la 51,09- 62,31ng/l, ndng Y^PAHs Id 5,69 8,66pg/l; moi truang trdm tich: nong ^PCBs Id 3,31 - 6.92pg/kg khd, ndng YfAHs Id 99,04 - 100,47pg/kg kho; mo thit sinh vgt (ngao, tom, cd): ndng dg YfCBs la 37.39 - 173,63 pg/kg kho Y^PAHs Id^ 2034 - 2583 pg/kg kho Muc dg nhiim PCBs vd PAHs cdc h(rp phdn moi tru&ng Vinh Hg Long co tinh chdt miia, vd khd ndng tich tu sinh hoc cua chung biin thien tdng ddn tu sinh vgt bac thdp den sinh vgt bac cao chudi thirc dn Abtract ASSESSMENT OF BIO-ACCUMULATION OF PCBs AND PAHs IN HA LONG BAY The persistent organic pollutants PCBs and PAHs were determined in three components water, sediment and tissues of Ha Long bay in Vietnam (in October 2008 and February 2009) Results show that the concentration in water: YfCBs are 51.09 - 62.3lng/l Yf^^s are 5.69 - 8.66pg/l; in surface sediment: JfCBs are 3.31 - 6.92pg/kg dry, Yf'AHs are 99.04 - i00.47pg/kg dry and in tissues (clam, shrimp, fish): YfCBs are 37.39 - 173.63 pg/kg dry, YfAHs are 2034 - 2583pg/kg dry The pollution level ofYfCBs and YfAHs in each sea components vary to season of year, and the bio-accumulation capacity of them elevate by fauna in Ha Long bay 'sfood chain — MOfDAU Chit d nhilm hiiu co bin PCBs va PAHs la nhung chit hda hgc t6n luu lau dai mdi trudng, cd kha nang tich luy sinh hgc thdng qua chuoi thiic an, va tac dgng xiu den siic khde ngudi nhu ngd dgc, ung thu, dot biln gen Tuy nhien, cac nghien cihi ve chiing mdi trudng mgt each ddng bd cdn han che va rat it mdi trudng biSn Da cd nhieu nghien ciiu danh gia d nhiem va da dang sinh hgc cho Vinh Ha Long, nhung nghi6n cim tich tu chat d nhiem h&u co ben PCBs va PAHs va tich luy sinh hgc cua chiing 78 Hoi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe biin toan qudc Idnjhu^ chua dupe xem xet va danh gia dl bao ve sue khde he smh thai bien va sue khoe eon ngudi Bai bao ttinh bay kit qua nghien cuu chat d nhiem hiru co ben PCBs va PAHs mpt each ddng bd ttong mdi ttudng nude, trim tich va smh vft cua Vinh Ha Long thdi gian tir nam 2007 din 2009 Kit qua nghien cuu cho thay miic dp o nhiem PCBs, PAHs ttong mdi UTidng tu nhien nude, ttim tich va kha nang tich luy cua chiing ttong mo thit sinh vat cd tmh chat miia va tang din dieo chudi thiic an TAX LIEU VA PHirONG PHAP Khao sat va thu mau 1.1 Vi tri thu mSu: tham khao cac nghien cim d vjnh Ha Long(HL) vl chit lupng mdi trudng, da dpng sinh hoc, ngudn d nJiilm tit luc dia, ciing nhu sire tai mdi trudng cua vjnh Ha Long, xac dinh cac dilm khao sat thu miu d tpa dp tuong ling la HLl: 20° 5303.525"(N), 107° 04' 26.196"(E); HL2 :20° 54'l8.873"(N), 107°14'05.875"(E); HL3: 20°56'23.502"(N), 107°03'48.453"(E) HL4: 20°58'05.4306' (N), 107°17'48.578"(E) J.2 Ddi ticang nghien curu: mau nude dupe thu vao liic nude rong va mau ttam tich mat Miu sinh v^t gdm ddng vat than mem la ngao tting (Meretrix lyrata), tdm he {Parapenaeopsis) va ca Chap {Sparus sp.) sinh cu d vimg ven bien tai Vinh Ha Long 7.3 Thu mau vd bao qudn mau: Thu mau nude bang Bathomet d dp sau 0,5 - 0,7m, chuyen vao binh thuy tinh tdi mau Thu mau tram tich biln bang cude Ponar lam bing thep khdng ri, lay lap trim tich be mat (khoang 0-5cm) va ttpn diu, chuyin vao cac chai thuy tinh tdi Mau sinh hpc gdm ngao, tdm va ca dupe bat bing ludi tai khu virc khao sat Cac mau sinh vat dupe bpe ttong giiy nhdm da lam sjeh Miu duac thu ttong hai dot khao sat, dai dien miia mua(thang 10 nam 2008), dai dien miia khd(thang nam 2009), va cac miu nude, ttim tich dupe bao quan ttong dilu kien - 4°C va mau sinh vSt bao quan dudi 0°C ttong thdi gian dudi ngay[2-3] Phuong phap xac dinh chat nhilm 2.1 Xir ly mau Mdu nuac: Chiet Idng - long mpt lit mau nude ba lin vdi n-hexan Dich chilt duac cd quay chan khdng ve khoang 5ml, sau dd qua cpt siUcagel 2g nhdi udt dl lam sach PCBs dupe nia giai bang 15 ml n-hexan, cd quay dung dich rira giai din khoang 1ml them chit npi chuan va dinh miic den 1ml bang n-hexan [2] Vdi PAHs, thuc hien chilt Idng - Idng mpt ht mau nuoc ba lan vdi Diclpmetan de chilt hpan tpan cac hpp chit PAHs phan tich khoi nen mau Dich chiet dupe quay cit chan khdng vl khoang 5ml, sau dd qua cdt sihcagel 2g nhdi udt de lam sach PAHs duoc nia giai bing 15ml Diclometan/nhexan(3:l), dung dich rira giai dupe cd vl dudi 1ml, them npi chuin va dinh miic vl 1ml bang n-hexan.[5-8] "™ Mdu trdm lich: Chilt sieu am, lie va ly tam 20g mlu ttiim tich khd ba lin bing hdn ban ' dung mdi n-hexan/axeton(l: 1) dl chilt hoan toan cac hpp chit PCBs khoi nIn miu Cd ' quay chan khdng dich chilt din khoang 5ml, lam sach bing cdt silicagel 2g Rj ' Tiiu ban Sinh thai, Moi tnr&ng vd qudn ly Bien PCBs bing 15ml n-hexan, cd quay dich rira giai ve dudi ml, them chat ndi chuan va djnh miic den 1ml bing n-hexan[3] Vdi PAHs, can 20g mau tram tich khd de chiet sieu am, lac va ly tam ba lln bing hon hgp dung mdi Declometan/n-hexan(3:l) de chiet hoan toan cac hgp chit PAHs phan tich khdi nen mau Djch chiet dugc quay cat chan khdng ve khoang 5ml, sau dd qua cdt florisi! 2g de lam sach PCBs dugc rua giai bing 15ml Diclometan/nhexan(3:l), dich rua giai dugc cd ve dudi 1ml, them chat ngi chuin va dinh miic ve Im! bang n-hexan.[5-8] Mdu thit sinh vgt: Mau thit ngao, tdm va ca dugc xay nhuyen bang may chuySn di^g va lam khd bing Na2S04 khan Chiet sieu am va ly tam 20g mlu sinh hgc khd ba lan bang dung mdi n-hexan/acetone(l:l) Dich chiet dugc quay cat chan khdng ve khoang 5ml, chd qua cgt sic ky tham thau gel de loai bd cac chat beo, amin cd mau chiet Sau do, tiep tuc lam sach bing cdt silicagel 2g Rira giai PCBs bing 20mi n-hexan, dich nia giai dugc cd ve dudi 1ml, them chat ngi chuan va dinh muc den 1ml [3] Vdi PAHs, can 20g mlu sinh hgc udt, chiet sieu am va ly tam ba lan bang dung mdi nhexan/acetone(l:l) de cac hgp chat PAHs chuyen hoan toan khdi mau n6n Mau sinh hgc trudc chiet da dugc dong hda bang Na2S04 khan Dich chiet dugc quay cat chan khdng ve khoang 5ml, cho qua cdt sac ky tham thau gel de loai bd cac chat beo, amin cd mau chiet Sau do, tiep tuc lam sach bing cdt florisil 2g Riia giai PAHs bang 20ml nhexan, dich rira giai dugc cd ve dudi 1ml, them chat ndi chuan va dinh miic ve 1ml bang n-hexan [5-8] 2.2 Xac dinh PCBs bdng GC-ECD 6890 Diiu kien phdn tich: Dich chilt dugc bom len GC/ECD 6890 vdi chuong trinh chay may la: 80°C phut, gia nhiet 20''C/phut din 250°C, tilp tuc gia nhiet 5°C/phut din 290°C, tri 290°C phut Tdng thdi gian la 22,5 phiit Tdc dg ddng mang N2 la 0,9ml/s vdi cgt sic ky mao quan HPI (30m; 0,32mm; 0,25mm), tyle chia ddng 1:28 Xdy dung du&ng chuan: Sii dung chat chuan cua Diic(Dr.Ehrenstorfer): PCBs 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 153, PCB 138, PCB 180 dl xay dung dudng chuin hon hgp theo thang n6ng dg: 15ng/ml; 30ng/ml; 60ng/ml; 90ng/ml Dudng chuin ciia PCB theo thii tu lin lugt lay = 0,98x- 1,51; y^ l,02x-7,03; y= l,47x-8,71; y = l,71x-7,59; y= l,94x-8,65;y = 2,84x - 10,54 He sd tuong quan cac dudng chuan la R = 0,99 Tinh tdng luang PCBs mdu: Tinh toan tdng ham lugng PCBs theo hdn hgp ki thuat Aroclor tuong ling cac miu trim tich theo cdng thiic XPCB = A x (PCB28 + PCB52 + PCBlOl + PCB138 + PCB153 + PCB180) Trong A la H sd cua hdn hgp kj thuat Aroclor He sd cd gia tri tir - 8,5 thudc vao ty le phan ciia cau tii mau mdi trudng[2-5] 2.3 Xac djnh PAHs bdng GC-FID 6890 Dieu kien phdn tich: Djch chilt dugc bom len GC/FID 6890 vdi chuong trinh chay may la: SO^C phiit, gia nhiet 40''C/phut din 250"C giu phut, tilp tuc gia nhiet 7°C/phut din 285X, tri 285°C phut Tdng thdi gian la 14,25 phut Tdc ddng mang N2 la 0,9ml/s vdi cgt sic ky mao quan HPI (30m; 0,32mm; 0,25mm), t>f le chia ddng 1:28 "'• 80 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe biin loan auoc Idn thu Xdy dung dudng chudn: Sis dung chit chuin ciia Due(Dr.Ehrenstorfer): Phenathrene,, Flourathrene, Perylene, Benzo a andiracene, Triphenylene, Benzo e Pyrene, Benzo a Pyrene, Pyrene dl xay dung dudng chuin hon hpp flieo Uiang ndng dp: 0,4pg/nil; 6pg/ml- 8^g/ml• Ijig/ml Dudng chuin cua PAHs theo thir tu lan lupt la y = 0,01x 0,21; y = 0,01x-0,56; y = 0,01x-0,64; y = 0,09x-0,40; y = 0,02x - 0,95; y = 0,01x0,56; y = O.Olx + 0,04; y = O.Olx - 0,99 He sd tuong quan cac dudng chuan la R = 0,99 Dinh luang PAHs trang mdu: Ham lupng 2;PAHs mau dupe tinh bang tdng tam don chit xac dinh dupe la: Phenathrene, Flourathrene, Perylene, Benzo a anthracene, Triphenylene, Benzo e Pyrene, Benzo a Pyrene, Pyrene Phuong phap tinh he so tich tu Theo tai lieu hudng dan ap dung phuong phap nghien ciiu tich tu cda Cue Bao ve Moi trudng My(US.EPA) de tinh cac he sd tich luy chat d nhiem hiru ca ben ca the sinh vat thuy sinh va khulch dai d nhiem ttong cac chudi thiic an cd cac khai niem sau[6,l 0]: He sd ham lupng sinh hpc(Bioconcentration factor -BCF): la sd the hien BC (nong dp sinh hpc) dupe tinh bang ty le cua chat d nhiem ca thi sinh v^t (BC) tten ndng chat d nhiem mdi trudng xung quanh (EC) BCFs thudng dupe xac dinh tir eac phep thu cua phdng thi nghiem tieu chuin BCF = (BC)/(ECi.b) He sd tich tu sinh hpc(Bioaccumulation Factor -BAF): la sd thi hien BA (tich tu sinh hpc) dupe tinh bang ty le cua ndng dp chit d nhilm tdn tai ttong ca thi sinh vat tren ndng dp chit d nhiem mdi ttudng sinh song ciia chiing BAF = (BA)/(EC(ieid) IL KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU Ket qua chit nhiem PCBs Vinh Ha Long 1.1 PCBs moi trudng nu&c: PCBs xuit hien ttong ca hai miia d Vinh Ha Long, ndng dp PCBs miia khd cao hon miia mua Ndng dd thip nhit la 0,58ng/l (PCB 180) va cao nhat la 7,44ng/l (PCBlOl) Ndng dp tdng PCBs trung binh toan vimg la 62,31ngfl So sanh ydi ndng dp tdng PCBs nam 2007 d Ha Long, khoang tir 3ng/l din 7ng/l[81 thi nong dp tdng PCBs ttong nude tang khoang 11 lin Trong dd, ndng dd tdng PCBs cao nhit a_SL4 su ddng gdp Idn ciia ndng dp PCB 101, va la khu vuc gin bd cd nhilu heat ddng van tai, khai thac md ' '•^•PCBs moi trudng trdm tich: Ham lupng PCBs trim tich bl mat biln ven hS r n o"l ''f°,^'"S khoang tir l,13ng/g khd din 7,91ng/g khd Ham iuong thip rAat la 0,06ng/g khd PCBlOl va PCB 138 Ham luong cao nhit la 0,09ng/g khd PCB 153 Ham lupng tdng PCBs tram tich bl mat cua Ha Long la 6,92ng/g khd So sanh vdi nam 2007, ham lupng tong PCBs khoang tir 0,87ng/g khd din 5,54ng/g khdiSl aTtdns PCBs gia tang 1,24 lan Tuy nhien, ham lupng tdng PCBs ttong trim tich mat Hal oni thap hon tieu chuan chat lupng mdi trudng Canada (21,5ng/g khd) khoang linii] ' Trong mdi trudng ttim tich mat biln ven bd Ha Long, ham lupng tdng PCR, ti, tai SL4 la 7,91ng*g khd Ham lupiig cao la su ddng gdp cua ham lupng Pc°B28 Tiiu ban Sinh thai, Moi inr&ng vd qudn ly Bien Mat khac SL4 cung la khu vuc gan bd va cd cac hoat ddng v$n tai khai thac vdi mat cao J.3 PCBs mo tJtit sinh vgt: Tron^ loai sinh vat khao sat, ham lugng tdng PCBs thjt ngao {Meretrix lyrata) thap nhat, khoang tir 79,93ng/g khd din 485,07ng/g khd Ham lugng tdng PCBs thit tdm [Parapenaeopsis) cao hon ngao, khoang tir 9,10ng/kg khd den 14,42ng/kg khd Ham lugng tdn^ PCBs thit ca {Sparus sp.), khoang tir 118,94ng/g khd den 353,'24ng/g khd, cao nhat ba loai sinh vat So sanh vdi nam 2007[8], ham lugng tdng PCBs thit ngao va ca (khoang 23,13ng/kg khd din 37,38ng/kg khd), ham lugng tdng PCBs md thit sinh vat tang len khoang 4,3 lin Nhu vay, kha nang tich luy sinh hgc cua cua PCBs vimg theo chuSi thiic an la rat cao Ket qua chat nhiem PAHs Vinh Ha Long 2.1 PAHs moi truong nw&c: Nhdm chat d nhiem PAHs xuit hien ca miia mua va miia khd Ndng PAHs khoang tir 0,56[ig/l d^n 23,06fig/l, gia tri trung binh cho toan viing la 7,17(ig/l So sanh vdi tieu chuan chat lugng mdi trudng Canada, tdng PAHs nude la 5,8 ng/1, thi ndng tong PAHs nude Ha Long da vugt 1,23 lan Ndng dg trung binh PAHs diem khao sat SL2 cao hon so vdi cac diem khao sat khac Nguyen nhan cd the khdi nude d day tiep nh|in nhieu ngudn thai chiia PAHs tir hoat ddng khai thac md va du Hch, mat khac kha nang chao ddi cua khdi nude ciing it hon so vdi nhung khu vuc khac 2.2 PAHs mdi tru&ng trhm tich: Tram tich be mat khu vuc bien Hg Long chiia ham lugng PAHs so vdi nam 1999 cd xu hudng giam nhung van cao hon nhieu lan gidi han gay tac dgng xau din sinh thai va siic khoe ngudi, theo tieu chuan chat lugng tram tich ciia Canada Ham lugng PAHs trim tich mat vimg bien ven bd Ha Long cd gia tri thap nhat la 43,29g/kg mlu khd va cao nhit la 185,8 g/kg mau khd Gia tri trung binh cho toan vimg la 99,65pg/kg khd Trong dilm khao sat cd ham lugng cao nhat la SLl, SL2 sau dd den SL3 va SL4 So sanh vdi ndng dd PAHs vdi mdi trudng nude, PAHs tram tich cao hon rat nhieu chiing td cd su van chuyin qua Iai ciia PAHs giiia hai hgp phan mdi trudng va nong dg trim tich mat cao hon chiing td mire tich tu cao hon miic hda tan ciia PAHs viing 2.3 PAHs md thit sinh v^t: PAHs md thjt ba loai mau sinh vat, ham lugng PAHs cao nhit ca la 2966,89^g/kg khd, tilp den la tdm 2855,91|ig/kg khd, thip nhit la ngao 274,5 Ipg/kg khd Nhu vSy, cd thi thiy ham lugng PAHs sinh vat timg mat xich thiic an cua he sinh thai biln cd xu hudng tich liiy tang din tir sinh vat bac thip den sinh v$t bac cao Hoi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe biin toan quoc lan thu V m THAO L U ^ Kha nang tich tu FCBs S(r phan bd chit d nhilm PCBs ttong mdi trudng Vinh Ha Long cd tinh chat mua va khdng giong giua eac hpp phin mdi trudng Trong mdi trudng nude ya tram tich, nong dp PCBs mua mua cao hon mua khd Ngupe Iai, ttong mo thit cic sinh v|t, ham lupng chit d nhilm PCBs mua mua fliip hom mia khd Trong ea hai miia, t j ttong chat nhilm PCBs md thit sinh vat ludn chilm phin ttam cao hon (hinh 8) Tuy nhien, phan bd chit d nhilm giiia hpp phin mdi trudng tif nhien (nude, team tich) va sinh v^t ttong viing khdng cho thiy miic dp tich IGy cua chat d nhilm ttong eac md thit He sd tich tu smh hpc cua PCBs d day che thiy kha nang tich tu chit d nhilm PCBs ttong cac md sinh hoc ttong miia mua ludn tha^ ban ttong mua khd Va xu hudng tich t\i sinh hpc ciia PCBs tang dan tir sinh vat bac thip la ngao(BAF = 2,67 - 5,12) den sinh vat bac cao la ca(BAF = 26,20 - 40,60).(hinh 9) 100% - - 80% - asit^v^ 60% ^ 40% 20% - EITr&nlfch '.'"-):' - ^^ WiaMra MCiaKhO Vjnh Hg Long Khi Mm I Kha ' Mua I Khd Hinh Phdn bo PCBs Vinh Hg Long 2009 Hinh Tich tif sinh hgc cua PCBs trang , Vinh Hg Long Kha nang tich tu PAHs Chat d nhilm PAHs ttong md ttudng Vjnh Ha Long cdng phan bd cd tinh chit mda vJ khong tucmg dong giua cac hpp phan Trong mdi trudng nude va ttim tich, ham luong chat dnhiem PAHs mua mua ludn cao ban mCia khd Trong ba hpp phin nude, ttim tich vJ mh vat cua ca bai mua, ham lupng chat d nhilm PAHs ttong siki vSt khu vuc nJy chilm ty ttpng cao nhat.(hlnh 10) Tieu ban Sinh thdi, Mdi tnr&ng vd qudn ly Bien 83 SNii6c 2,500 2,000 UOO 1.000 500 • Tiha tich QSinh'\^ MCia Mua [ Mi^Kh6 \^nhH9Long Hinh Phdn bo PAHs Vinh Hg Long 2009 Hinh Tich tif sinh hgc cua PAHs Vinh Hg Long Tuong tu nhu cac chat d nhilm huu co ben, su phan bd chat d nhiem PAHs mdi trudng hf nhien(nudc, trim tich) va sinh vat cung khdng phan anh dugc kha nang tich ty sinh hgc ciia PAHs d khu vuc Hf sd tich tu sinh hgc cua PAHs d day cho thiy kha nang tich ty, chat d nhiem PAHs md thit sinh vat mua mua cao hon miia khd Xu hudng tich ty smh hgc cua PAHs d day ciing tang din tu sinh vSt bSc thip la ngao (BAF = 40,42 - 48,24) din smh vat b|ic cao la ca (BAF = 433,03 - 521,42) (hmh 11) IV KfiT L U ^ Trong vung Vinh Ha Long, chit d nhilm hihi co bin PCBs va PAHs tdn tai ddng thdi ca ba hgp phan nude, tram tich va mgt sd sinh v$t (ngao trang -Meretrix lyrata-; tdm he -Parapenaeopsis- va ca Chap -Sparus sp.) d ca miia khd va mua mua nam Xu hudng phan bo chat d nhilm huu co ben PCBs va PAHs d Vinh Ha Long deu gidng la cd tinh chat miia d ca hgp phan nude, tram tich va sinh vat Va, ndng chat d nhiem hihi co ben PCBs va PAHs md thit sinh vat ludn cao hon hgp phan tu nhien(nudc, tram tich) d cac miia Mat khac, xu hudng phan bd chit d nhilm huu co ben PCBs va PAHs ba hgp phan khdng tucmg quan vdi kha nang tich tu sinh hgc cua chiing Vjnh H^ Long Trong Vjnh Ha Long, he sd tich tu sinh hgc trung binh cua PCBs nhd hon ciia PAHs khoang 20 lin H? sd tich tu sinh hgc cua FCBs mua mua thap hon mua khd, cdn he sd tich ty sinh hgc cua PAHs mua mua cao hon miia khd Tuy nhien, chimg deu cd xu hudng tich ty tang dan tii sinh v|it bac thip la ngao din smh vat bgc cao la ca Nhu vay, kha nang tich ty sinh hgc dugc quylt dinh bdi d^c dilm sinh hgc ciia sinh vat nhieu hon bdi dieu kien mdi trudng sinh cu cua chung Theo cac bao cao mdi trudng qudc gia trinh chinh phu hang nam cho thay van de d nhiem mdi trudng bien Viet Nam vin tilp tyc dien Va d nhiem chat hiru co ben PCBs va PAHs dang dugc quan tam nghien cihi theo cac myc tieu cua ma Viet Nam tham gia vdi cdng udc quoc te Stochoml Do dd, can phai tiep ty nghien cuu sau rgng hon vS van de phy vy cdng tac bao siic khde cac he sinh thai va siic khde ngudi Hdi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe biin loan nuoc lan thi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Canadian Enviromnental Quality Guidelines "Summary of Brisling Canadian Environmental Quality Guidlines" Canada Enviromnent Agency (2003) Dd Quang Huy, Duong Thanh Nghi "Xdc dinh du lugng hod chdt baa ^("•fcvdt trang m l mdi trudng bdng phuong phdp sac ky khi" Tap ehi Moi ttuang, Dai hpc Khoa hpc Tu nhien-DHQGHN (2001) Duong Thanh Nghi, mik "Xdy dung phuong phdp phdn lich du lugmg had cha^tbdovi thuc vgt mdu sinh vgt biin" Bao cao Nhiem vu cap ca sd Luu ttu tai Vien Tai nguyen Mdi trudng Biln (2001) Duong Thanh Nghi va cs Dl tai nganh: "Nghien ciru sif tich tu PAHs, PCBsttxmgmoi ttudng nude, ttim tich, sinh vat vung biln ven bd, dl xuat giai phap quan ly, ngan npa nguy CO tich tu ttong mdi trudng biln(3vung trpng dilm Bic, Trung, Nam)" Bao cao tong kit Luu tru tai Vien Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam(2009) Duong Thanh Nghi va cs Dl tai phd Hai Phdng: "Danh gid khd ndng tich ty chdt nhiim hOu ca bin vd kim logi ndng moi trucmg nuac, trdm tich vd sinh vol ven biin Hdi Phong" Bao cao tdng kit Luu Ulr tai Sd Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe Hai Phdng(2010) Gobas, F.A.P.C 1993 A model for predicting the bioaecumuration of hydrophobic organic chemicals in aquatic food-webs: Application to Lake Ontario Ecological Modeling69: \-\l Cao thu Trang, Vu Thi Luu, Duang Thanh Nghi, nnk "De tdi: Danh gid khd ndng lich tu vd phdn tdn cdc chdt d nhiem vitng cira sdng ven bien Viet Nam " Bao cao tdng ket luu tai Vien Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng bien (2007) Pham Hiing Viet "Nghien ciru su ton luu vd van chuyen ciia cdc hoa chdt gdy roi loan ngi_ tiet 16^ (EDCs) tgi mgt so vimg ven bien Viet nam " Bao cao tdng kit nhiem vu hpp t quoc tl vl khoa hpc va cdng nghe theo nghi dinh thu Viet Nam - Han Qudc Dai hoe Qu6c Gia Ha Ndi (2007) Pham Thi Kha, Duang Thanh Nghi, Cao Thi Thu Trang "Danh gia buac idu vi Hydrocacborn tham da vongfPolycyclic Aromatic Hyfrocarbons) trdm tich viin^ bien ven bd Hdi Phong" TuyIn Tap Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng biln Tap XV Nha xuat ban khoa hpc tu nhien va cdng nghe (2010) 10 U.S EPA 1995 Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative technical support document fir the procedure to determine bioaccumulation factors EPA-820-8-005, NTIS PB95187290'' 185pp Ngudi dgc nhgn xet: TS Nguyin Due Cu ... Hg Long Khi Mm I Kha '' Mua I Khd Hinh Phdn bo PCBs Vinh Hg Long 2009 Hinh Tich tif sinh hgc cua PCBs trang , Vinh Hg Long Kha nang tich tu PAHs Chat d nhilm PAHs ttong md ttudng Vjnh Ha Long. .. huu co ben PCBs va PAHs ba hgp phan khdng tucmg quan vdi kha nang tich tu sinh hgc cua chiing Vjnh H^ Long Trong Vjnh Ha Long, he sd tich tu sinh hgc trung binh cua PCBs nhd hon ciia PAHs khoang... ban Sinh thdi, Mdi tnr&ng vd qudn ly Bien 83 SNii6c 2,500 2,000 UOO 1.000 500 • Tiha tich QSinh''\^ MCia Mua [ Mi^Kh6 \^nhH 9Long Hinh Phdn bo PAHs Vinh Hg Long 2009 Hinh Tich tif sinh hgc cua PAHs