KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Q -Thd hai, can xay diing v i ban h i n h eac van b i n quy pham p h i p luat dieu chinh hoat ddng thj trudng b i n budn d i f n eanh tranh d i m b i o phti hap vdi k h i nang phat trien cCia TTD v l q u i n ly v i n hanh d i u ndi v i ludi dien truyen t l i qude gia dieu kifn thj trudng b i n budn dien eanh tranh nhU: Nguyen tac va phUOng p h i p c h i o g i i , dmh gia difn, gia djch vu dien; Bo dem dien, t o i n , kiem soat t i n so va d i f n i p ; Che dp va k l hoaeh d u phdng HTD, thf nghiem dien, g i i m s i t d i f n ning va q u i n ly nhu eau dien, an toan dif n; D i l u t i l t hoat ddng dif n luc; tra chuyen nganh d i f n lUc; xd ly vi pham hanh chinh hoat dpng di&n liic v i sd dung dien; Quan ly hoat ddng eCia thj trudng b i n budn dien eanh tranh - Thd ba, n h i nude can ban hinh cdche, hudng dan d l tich mpi hoat dpng mang tinh chat cdng fch khdi cac khau cCia hoat dpng SXKD difn, nhat l i khau dUa dien ve ndng thdn, miln niii Nhdng hoat ddng cdng ich niy cin dddc ngan sich Nha nude b i o dam trp g i l trdc tilp, cd the thdng qua cae CTDL thiic hifn chdc ning phan phdi b i n le hoac bat ky mdt td chdc, ea nhin nao thiie hien cae hoat dpng -Thdtu, can nhanh chdng nghien cdu va dUa chinh sich g i l d i f n ddae x i y dUng n h i m d i p dng duac c i ipi ich eCia ngudi sd dung dien va Idi ich eua ngudi dau tu phat trien ngudn, ludi dien, ke ea ddi vdi khich hing nhd Ddng thdi eii t i l n ehinh sich g i i d i f n tren nhdng diem liiu y ddi vdi viec minh bach g i i difn, dieu chfnh theo gia thj trudng, xda bd d i n bii cheo, gia dien hai thinh phin, chinh sach gia dien cie vung: bifn gidi, hai dao, ndng thdn, mien niii v.v - Thd nam, n h i nudc can t h i l t lap va hinh t h i n h co ehe q u i n ly v l kiem soat hudng den g i i m bdt mdc dp can t h i f p cCia Nha nUdc v i o thi trudng dien Tinh canh tranh cda thj trddng eang cao thi sii can thiep cua Nha nude c i n g p h l i dupc thu hep TAI LI$U THAM KHAO (1) Chinh phu (2010), Quyet djnh sd 1208/2011/QDTTg ngiy 21///2011 Ve Phe duyft qui hoach p h i t trien dien luc qudc gia giai doan 2011 - 2020 cd xet d i n nam 2030 (2) Cue D i l u t i l t dien lUe (2008), De an t h i l t ke tdng the thj trudng p h i t d i f n canh tranh v i tai cP cau nglnh dien cho p h i t t r i l n TTD (3) Nguyen Anh Tuan (2003), H o i n t h i f n md hinh to chdc s i n xuat kinh doanh cCia Tdng Cdng ty D i f n lUc Viet Nam (4) Vu Cdng t i c lap p h i p (2005), Nhdng ndi dung cd b i n eua Lult Dien luc (5) Tdng Cdng ty Dien liic Viet Nam (2004), D l an tdng the sap xep ddi mdi va phat trien cac doanh nghiep cCia Tdng Cdng ty Dien lUe Vift Nam giai doan 2004-2010 (6) Geoffrey Rothwell and Tomas Gomez (2006), Electricity Economies (7) International Energy Agency (1999), Electricity Market Reform (8) KEMA (2007), Vietnam Power market design NGHIEN Cim ANH HlTdNG CHAT LirqlNG DIEN AP DEN T N THAT DIEN NANC TREN LUOl DIEN (Tiep theo so 178 thdng ndm 2014) Lditdasognt Trong hai nam 2013 va 2014, Hpi Dien ldc Viet Nam dddc giao nhiem vu thdc hien de tai "Nghien cdu anh hUdng chdt Iddng dien nang den hidu qud sd dung diin " khudn kho ChUdng trinh mue tieu quae gia visit dung ndng lUdng tiet kiem vd hieu qua De tai GS VS TSKH Trdn Dinh Long, Pho ChO tich Hdi Idm chu nhiem De giup dpe gid nam dddc thdng tin ve de tai Tap chise lan luat gidi thieu vimue tieu, edc ndi dung nghien cdu, cung nhd eae ket qud cOa de tai Trong cac so thdng va sd thdng nam 2014, Tda sogn dd gidi thieu ve mpt so npi dung cua biin thidn dien dp ddi hgn,cdc anh hudng cua chOng cung nhd cac gidi phdp de khdc phue Trong so ndy, Toa sogn tiep tuc gidi thiiu vdi ddc gid ve cac npi dung tiip theo ve chdt luong dien ap, cu the la ve biin thien dien dp ngan hgn, ta edc chi tieu ddnh gid bien thien diin dp ngan han, cac tdc dpng cua no cung nhu cde gidi phdp de khac phue nhdm nang cao chdt Iddng dien dp 1.2 Bien thien dien ap ngan han 1.2.1 M d t l hien tupng Dinh nghia: Theo t i f u chuan lEC 1159-1995, bien t h i f n dien I p ngan han (BDN) la sU thay ddi tri sd dien i p hieu dung d tan sd HTD (50Hz hoac 60Hz) khoang thdi gian dddi phut Phdn logi: Tuy theo bien dp (magnitude) va thdi gian tdn tai (duration) cCia su kien, BDN cdn ed t h i dUde p h i n loaicu the hdn t h i n h cie dang nhUsau (hinh 1) Dien & D&i songl fg E] KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE c Theo hinh dgng cOa biin thidn diin dp, co thied cac logi BDN sau U(pu) That gian t6n tai - BDN ehCf nhit: Trong thdi gian tdn tai sU kien, bien hau nhu khdng thay doi BDN ehd n h i t thudng xuat hifn HTD ed t l i tTnh, ft thay ddi thdi gian tdn tai sU kien 120 t(giay) 100 £ «» 40 Hmh Bien thiin dien dp ngan han r — i i '^ TM% Tst% 20 a Theo bien dp, cac BDN dUde phdn logi thdnh - Mat difn ap ngin han la BDN tri sd difn i p hieu dung giim xudng dudi 10% dien ap danh djnh Sut giim difn i p ngan han hole Idm dien ap (Sag, Dip) la BDN dd trj sd dien ap hieu dung g i l m xudng dudi 90% va tren 10% difn ap danh djnh (hinh 2) Quadi^nipnginha (Voltage swell) lenap (Over : ã TtWH gian tAn lôi(otiy) Hinh BDN khong chd nhdt - BDN khdng chd nhat (hinh 3): Trong thdi gian tdn tai Sli kien, bien dp ed nhdng thay ddi Idn Dang BDN khdng chd nhat chCi yeu sii lam viec cCia cic thiet bj t i i ddng lai dung tren ludi dien BDN khdng chd nhat ddoc die trung bang cac khoang thdi gian dng vdi cic mdc bien dp dien i p va dd se giup cho danh gia chinh xlc han tic dpng cCia BDN 1.2.2 Cac nguyen nhan t!i(iidpliinvi?cbinli thifdog 90% Svlgiannlienapngln (Voltage sag, dip) Thip difnap (Unde -vollage) Hifn tuang BDN cd t h i xay cac nguyen nhan chinh nhUsau: a Do ngan mgch HTD 10% Tftc thin Thoang qua (Instalancous) (Momenlary) T^imlhdi (Temporaryl Maid ndayni Hinh Gidn phan logi chdt lupng dien dp - Tang difn i p ngan han hole idi dien ap (Swell) la BDN dd trj sd difn i p hieu dung tang t d 110% d i n 180% gia tri dien i p danh djnh Trong tai lifu n i y thdng nhat gpi hai hien tUpng tren lan lupt l i 16m dien i p v i loi dien i p Ldm dien ap la hien tupng cd tan suat Idn nhat nen cd the xet minh hpa cac die trung ciia BDN thdng qua Idm dien ap Hinh minh hpa mpt trudng hop ddn giln mdt sU kifn idm d i f n I p x i y tai vi tri phu t i i ngln mach tren mpt 16 xuat t u y l n eCia mdt ludi dien hinh tia Khi ngln mach xay (vi du ngan mach pha cham dat), mdt each g i n dung, dien bien sut g i l m dien i p tren mach difn den d i l m ngan mach cd dang hinh 4.b v i dd difn ap tai vj trj phu t i i dang xet Z, giam xudng cdn U, Sau mdt thdi gian t^^^ b i o v f dau dudng d l y su cd se t i c ddng loai trd Sli ed tren xuat t u y l n va d i f n ap tai vi tri phu t i i lai dUdc phue hdi VI thdi gian eCia cae t h i l t bi b l o vf nhin ehung dudi phiit nen hifn tddng BDN m i phu t i i phii trii qua vi du la mdt Idm d i f n i p b Theo thdi gian ton tgi, co the phdn logi cac BON thdnh • Tde thdi (Instantaneous) neu thdi gian tdn tai tdO,5 den 30 chu ky -Thoing qua (Momentary) neu thdi gian tdn tai td30 chu ky d i n giiy -Tam thdi (Temporary) n l u thdi gian tdn tai t d giay den phut TG I Dien Jk D&i song h) Profile dien ap c) Syt glim di?n i p ngSn han Hinh Lorn dien dp su co ngdn mgch tren HTD KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Q Tren thiic t l , b i f n dd eua 16m dien I p ngan mach tai c i c nUt phu t i i khac ludi d i f n thay ddi cd the rat khac theo tat c i eac die trUng lien quan d i n q u i trinh n g l n mach nhu so ludi, trang t h i i van hanh cCia cic ngudn, die diem ndi dat trung tinh, dang n g l n mach, tdng trd ngan mach d d i l m ngan mach, vi tri cOa phu til BDN n g i n mach g l y thudng cd dang hinh chd n h i t (hinh S.a, b) Ngln mach thudng ehiem tren 90% cic nguyen n h i n dan d i n BDN Hon nda, ngan mach cdn gay BDN tren mdt pham vi ludi dien rdng Do dd, mdt each gian tiep, cd t h i danh g i i tinh hinh BDN cCia mpt ludi d i f n dua tren sd lifu ve sU ed n g i n mach t r f n ludi difn dd b Do khdi dong ddng cd Khi khdi ddng ddng cd (dac biet dpng co khdng ddng bd), ddng edtieu thu lupng CSPK Idn lam cho difn ap ludi dien tai vj tri k i t ndi vdi ddng co g i l m Khi tdc dp cua ddng CO tang dan thi nhu cau CSPK g i l m dan va d i f n i p t i n g dan den tri sd djnh mdc Thdi gian md m i y cua ddng cd thudng cung dudi mot phut nen sut g i l m difn ap khdi dpng dpng co la mpt sU kifn Idm d i f n ap Dang die trung cua 16m difn ap md may dpng cp la hinh tam giac {hinh 5.e) Tuy theo loai dpng CO, cdng suit dong ca,hfsd tai luc md may ma Idm difn ap khdi dong ddng cd la slu hay ndng (bien dp d i f n ap), thdi gian md m i y (thdi gian tdn tai) la dai hay ngln Vife khdi dong ca thudng chi g i y Idm difn i p mpt pham vi ludi difn nhd c Do dong dien khdng tai mdy biin dp Hinh 5.d bilu dien mot Idm difn i p ddng difn MBA Loai Idm difn ap thUdng ndng nen it duae xet d i n h gia BDN tren HTD Ngin mach doi xufng -I r Jh6\ gian (chu ky) Khdi ddng dong cd Ngin mach khong doi xiimg t n rTTi6i gian (chu k9) Oong dien may bien ap Tl Thdi gian (chu k]^) Hinh T- Thdi gian (chu kjjr) Hinh dgng SAG cde nguyen nhan khdc d Dao dong dien dp Ngoai ra, hien tupng dao ddng dien i p (D£)DA) nhu hinh cung tao nen nhdng BDN tdOng t d mdt sU kien Idm dien lp.Tuy viy, Idm d i f n ap n l y lap lai lien tuc (dao ddng), nen gida BDN v i DDDA ed t h i phan biet thdng qua bien dp dien I p Bi^^i^dp 1.2.4 Cac tieu chuan Tie ddng cua BDN den sU lam viec cua cac t h i l t bj dung dien dupc d i n h g i i diia tren d i e Hinh Dao ddng dien dp Dien & D&i songl \J S KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE tinh chju d i f n ap cCia t h i l t bi Cho d i n nay, viec dng dung c i n g phd bien cac thiet bi v i linh kien dien t d cdng suat 6e nang eao hieu q u i cua eac qua trinh cdng nghe khien eho cic t h i l t bj d i f n n g i y c i n g nhay c i m hdn vdi CLDN noi chung va BDN ndi rieng Do dd, die tinh chju dien i p cua cae thiet bj dien sd dung cac linh kifn dien tCt thudng dupc dung d l danh g i i i n h hudng cua BDN Nam 1977, Hiep hdi cie nha sin xuat va kinh doanh m i y tinh (Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Association - CBEMA) da gidi thieu d i e tfnh ehju d i f n i p eho cie may tfnh ldn cd dang hinh 7.a 1 b> O^c tinh ITIC \ \ \ VOnemtamloMi lOM V*|«t< teviakMli^ 4*MylMi / / ^ ãT* ô |ằ.1J~ -L ^ i^ L x^ Vmi gian (Chu ky 60Hz vi gifty) TMrigian0,8 giay 2,1 0,5 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0 0 0,1 0,1 2,1 Vi du sU kien ed bien dp 50-60%U^^ v i thdi gian tdn tai 0,2-0,4 giay ed tan suat l i 0,2 lan/nam Td b i n g mat dp theo khoing chia d i e trung, ta cd t h i danh gia duac t i e dpng eua Idm dien i p den phu t i i dat tai vj tri g i l m s i t nhUsau - Chuyen bdng mat dp theo khoang chia dgc trdng bdng mat dp luy tiin cic sU kien - Xay dung g i l n dd dudng mat dp ddng mdc (Coordination chart) - Ghep d i e tinh chiu d i f n i p eua phu t l i vdi g i l n dd dudng mat ddng mdc de k i t luan ve tan suat Idm dien I p dan d i n viee phu t l i ngdng lam vife Dim Jk D&i songl 21 E KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE c Xde dinh edc ch! tieu he thong cua bien thien dien dp ngdn hgn Td cac chi tieu theo vi tri nhU tren, chi tieu BDN eho ea HTD dupe djnh nghla va xac djnh nhU sau: Tan suit trung binh BDN eua HTD {System Average R.M.S Variation frequency Index ^^1^^^^ - SARFy: VP SARFIx = M NT (27) Trong dd: X - Ngudng dien i p ; X - (140,120,110,90,80,70,50,10)%U^^ n - Sd lupng sU kifn I - 5U kien BTOA ngln han duac N, - Sd phu t l i phai t r i i qua sU kien t h d i (X% vdi Idi difn ip) N^ - Sd phu t i i khu vUc ludi difn dUde xem xet Theo phin loai d 1.2.1, cdn eo the tinh cae chi tieu he thdng tUdng dng gdm: i Tan suat trung binh cac bien thien difn i p tdc thdi cua HTD {System instantaneous Average R.M.S Variation Frequency Index^^^ - SIARpy, ii Tan suit trung binh cic bien thien difn ap t h o i n g qua cua HTD {System l^omentary Average R.M.S Variation frequency Index^^ - SMARFI^), lii Tan suit trung binh cie biln thi^n dien ap tam thdi eua HTD (Sysfem Temporary Instantaneous Average R.M.S Variation Frequency Index^^^^^ ^ - STARFij^) nhU sau: ' SIARFIx = SMARFIx NT XiL.NM, NT STARFIx s:°=,NT, NT Trong do; NI,, NM^, NT lan lUpt l i sd phu tai t h d i p h i i trai qua sU kifn (