KHOA HOC CONG NGHE l\IGHIEiV C l i U TllVH TOAlM THIET KE T U A BIIV IVIO HIil lH HUQiXIG CHEO CHO IVHA IVIAY THLIY DIEIM CO CdlXIG S U A T V U A V A IMHO L6 Danh U&n\ Pham Phtic Yfen̂ T6MTAT Tua bin[.]
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE l\IGHIEiV C l i U TllVH TOAlM T H I E T K E T U A BIIV IVIO HIillH HUQiXIG CHEO CHO IVHA IVIAY T H L I Y DIEIM CO CdlXIG S U A T V U A V A IMHO L6 Danh U&n\ Pham Phtic Yfen^ T6MTAT Tua bin huong cheo la loai trung gian giua tua bin tam true va tua bin huong true, dugc ap dung voi pham vi cot nuffc 25 -^ 200 m Day la loai tua bin co rat nhilu uu viet linh vuc thiiy dien, Tuy nhien loai tm-oc day thuong chi dugc ung dung cho cac tram thiiy dien cong suat 1cm dac diem kit cau rieng biet ciia no De m g dung cho cac tram thuy dien cong suat nho, can co cac cai tien de don gian viec che tao va nang cao hieu suat tua bin Bai viet gioi thieu kit qua nghien cuu tinh toan ly thuyet thiet ke mo hinh banh cong tac ciia tua bin huong cheo de dat cac muc tieu de la hieu suat cao va kha nang chdng xam thuc tdt de lam ca so ung dung tua bin huong cheo cong suait nho vao thuc tiln Mo hinh banh cong tac tua bin huong cheo duoc thiet ke dua tren co so ly thuyet thiiy dong luc hpc va ly thuyet canh hien dai cho ket qua ban dau (ve mat ly thuyet) dat cac tieu chuan vl nang lugng va xam thuc Mo hinh se dugc dua vao thi nghiem de xac dinh k i t qua cudi ciing, Tir khoa: Tua bin hudng cheo, nhd mdy thuy dien, cdng sudt vira vd nhd LDATVANDE Tua bin hudng cheo la loai chuyin tiep giiia tua bin tam true va huong true Nd dugc su dung cho pham vi cot nude fir 25 din 200 m, Tua bin hudng cheo cong suit ldn tru'dc day theo truyin fhdng dugc che tao dudi dang canh xoay Do vay b l mat blu cinh va budng binh cong tic phli chi tao dudi dang hinh clu, canh cong tac hd Viec chi tao banh cong tac nhu vay rat phuc tap, ddi hdi chinh xac ehl tao rlt cao Ddi voi cac tua bin huong chIo cong suit vira va nhd, dl don giln viec e h l tao co t h i sii dung binh cong tac canh cd dinh Trong trudng hgp nly banh cong tac CO fhl gin them vanh ngoli voi cac la canh d tilt dien bien Nhd vay co fhl lam kin banh cong tac dl ding hon va tin cay hon, chuyen khe hd huong cheo sang khe hd hirong tiaic Binh cong tac cung se CO ben cao hon II niOl DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Dl tao dugc banh cong tic hudng cheo co chat lugng nang luong vl xam thuc tdt, cin tien hinh nghien ciin ly thuyet va thuc nghiem Voi viec nghien cun tinh toan ly thuylt co thi xac dinh dugc vl dinh tinh mot banh cong tac cd chit lugng nang lugng vl xam thuc tdt, D l dinh gia vl mat dinh lugng chat lugng banh cong tac can tien hinh cac nghien cun thuc nghiem Trong khuon khd bai hlo nly se gioi thieu noi dung va kit qua nghien cun tinh toan ly thuylt banh cong tac tua bin hudng cheo, Lua chgn md hinh tua bin hudng chIo vl cic th6ng sd kich thudc ciia mo hinh Thuc nghiem cho fhly hinh dang phln din dong cua tua bin huong chIo cd anh hudng dang kl toi tdc do, dac tinh nang lugng va dac tinh xam thuc cua tua bin Dua tren co sd cac nghien cun ly thuylt va thuc nghiem [2],[6] nghien cfm nly da chgn mo hinh nghien cun II mo hinh tua bin JlllMO Day la mo hinh tira bin hudng cheo canh quay ap dung cho tua bin cong suit ldn, blu canh vl budng tua bin co dang cau (hinh 1) Ddi vdi mo hinh nghien cun ap dung cho tua bin cong suit nhd, canh cong tac dugc gan cd dinh nen blu canh vl budng tira bin co dang (hmh 2), Cac thong sd dac trung cua phan din ddng cua tua bin hudng cheo la: goc nghieng cua cic canh din cua binh cong tac ddi voi true tua bin; fy sd blu db/D,; chieu cao tuong ddi cua canh hudng ddng b„/Di; dudng kinh trung binh tuong ddi D,i,/Di, bd tri mlp vao va chilu rong canh dan, duong kinh cd tua bin Dj va ban kinh lugn cua no (hinh va 2), Truong DHBK Ha Noi, "Vien Khoa hoc Thiiy lgi Viet Nam NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 63 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Tua bin mo hinh dugc chgn ban diu lam co sd nghien cuu la loai fl60-2, day II loai mo hinh sii dung cho dilu kien cot nude thIp rlt phd biln thuc t l d nude ta Mo hinh nghien cuu cd cic thong sd hinh hgc va quy dan nhu sau (bing 2): Bing CIc thdng sd ca bin ciia tua bin hudng chIo m6 hinh Hinh Phan din dbng cua Hinh Phln d5n d6ng cua tuabinm6hinhAnJl60 • tua bin m6 hinh thu nghiem CIc thong sd co ban ciia tua bin hudng chIo mo hinh /f60 fhl hien bang [2] Khe hd giiia elc cinh dan va budng binh cong tic cd gia b-i khoing (0,001 ^ 0,002)D, Khi thilt k l binh cong tic cin thief phai chgn cle thong sd tinh toln ban diu vl chgn phuong phip tinh toln ludi cinh tuong ung CIc thong sd tinh toln dugc chgn tren co sd cac sd lieu thuc nghiem cua cac binh cong tic tua bm hudng cheo cd chit lugng tdt Bing CIc thdng sd ca ban cua tua bin hudng chIo md hinh J60 Thong so tua bin ,0160-2 Pham vi cot ap Goc nghieng duong tam So canh Ty sd bau Chieu rong tuong doi cua canh Duong kinh trung binb tuong doi Chieu cao tuong ddi cua canh huong dang tru Duong kinh tuong ddi bd tri canh huong Luu lugng quy din toi uu Vong quay quy din toi uu, v/ph So vong quay dac trung che toi uu Chieu cao ong but ( ong xa) tuong doi He so xam thuc cua tua bin (ung voi Q,' = 10001/s) Ky hieu Gia tri H,m 40-60 60 Z 8-10 dh/D, 0,45-0,525 B/D, 0,32-0,28 0,746 D,s/D, b„/D, 0,375 Dyo, Q,M/s nr "SI,, h/D, a 1,28-1,3 1100-900 110-100 400-330 2,3 0,2 Khi thilt kl banh cong tac, lun lugng vl vong quay tinh toan quy dinh dugc xac dinh theo cac bilu thuc: Q Itu AAvtT Itu (1) AATT Thong so tua bin md hinh Ky hi6u Gia tri Goc nghieng ciia canh so vol true 60" e Sd canh banh cong tac z Ty sd bau d./D, 0,5 Chieu rong tuong doi ciia canh B/D, 0,3 Duong kinh truug binb tuo-ng doi D,„/D, 0,75 Chieu cao tuong doi ciia canh huong b„/D, 0,35 Duong kinh tuong doi bo tri canh D„/D, 1,375 huong Luu lugng quy dinh 9501/s Q; Sd vong quay quy dinh 105 v/ph n/ Sd vong quay dac trung o che toi uu n.n 356 v/ph Hieu suat max ciia tuabin mo hinh >0,85 Imnv Thong sd llm viec cua tram thii cd cic gia tri: - Cdt Ip ldn nhat Hn^^^ = 4,5 m; - Cot Ip tinh toan H^ = m; tilu Hn„„ = 3,5 m - Cot Ip cue Bom ngudn d l bom nude len thap ciia tram thi nghiem gdm bom, luu lugng mdi bom Q^m^ = 600 mVh Lun lugng tdng cgng cua hai bom Qr = 1200 mVh Cong suit moi bom N = 11,7 kW Dudng kinh binh cong tac mo hinh dugc chon phu hgp voi dieu kien llm viec ciia tram thii bang: D, = 0,3 m CIc kich thudc hinh hgc khIc: Dudng kinh trung binh: Dtb = 225 mm; Dudng kinh blu trung binh: dtb = 0,5 Dl = 150 mm; Sd canh binh cong tic: Z = cinh ; Gdc nghieng canh so vdi true : = 60"; Chieu rdng cinh binh cong tic: Btb = 90 mm ; Chilu cao canh huong : bo = 105 mm; Dudng kinh bd tri cinh hudng: Do = 412 mm Tinh toln thilt k l cinh binh cdng tic tua bin hudng chIo theo phuang phip mdt tea dp ddng kinh tuyln ding thi Trong dd, tit, = 0,9 ^ 0,92- hieu suit thuy luc ciia tua bin CIc gil tri ltm lugng vl vdng quay quy dinh tdi un ciia cac loai binh cong tac hudng cheo fhl hien bang Viec tinh toan thilt k l binh cong tac dip ung yeu clu vl chit lugng nang lugng va xam thuc phu thugc vio viec chgn cac thong sd tinh toan vl cac dilu kien bien d diu vio vl diu ciia binh cong tic CIc thong sd kich thudc ciia tua bin mo hinh dugc chgn tren co sd cac thong sd llm viec ciia tram thi nghiem vl cac thong sd quy dirdi ciia tua bin mo hinh Binh cong tac hudng cheo dugc xay dung theo phuong phap mot tga ddng kinh tuyln ding the [1],[3] CIc mat nghieng cua canh tren cac mat 64 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE ddng tinh toan dugc xay dung theo phuong phap bien hinh bio giac tren mat non a Xdy dung dudng dong ddng the mat phdng kinh tuyen Trong tinh toan thilt ke cinh binh cong tac huong cheo phuong phap dang mot chieu dugc sii dung rdng rai Dilm chii ylu cua phuong phip II cho truoc hinh dang dong kinh tuyln va lun sd van tdc d Idi vao va Idi ciia banh cong tac Dudng dong ding fhl mat phlng kinh tuyln dugc xay dung dua theo elc thong sd quy dinh Q,' va ni' Cac thong sd nly co gil trf bing: Q,' = 0,95 mVs; n/ = 105 v/ph; Hinh Sa dd xly dung dudng ddng dang thi mat phang kinh tuyln Bing cho kit q u i tinh toan mot dudng ding Su phan bd diu ltm lugng qua khong gian giifa the (dudng N2) Sau tinh toln tat ca cic dudng cic bl mat ddng lien II tieu chuan xlc dinh su ding fhl (10 dudng) ta dung dugc hg dudng ddng diing din cua phuong phip xay dung mat phlng kinh tuyen (hinh 3) vl xay dung dugc bieu dd van tdc kuih tuyln V,„ dgc theo dudng ddng (hinh 4) Ring Tinh toln xly dung dudng ddng ding thi - Budng ding thi N2 Hinh chilu budng dan ddng mat phlng kinh tuyln cho tren hinh Duong dong a-a b-b c-c d-d e-e f-f R, mm 183,0 178,6 171,0 159,3 142,8 118,7 As, mm 5,90 7,89 9,73 11,45 13,14 14,30 R/As, 31,02 22,38 17,58 13,91 10,86 8,30 * tre Ah, mm (R/As),b 26,70 19,98 15,74 12,39 9,58 11,3 15,2 19,6 24,2 30,6 AF,, mm- AF„, mm" 301,7 303,7 308,1 300,1 293,3 8(AF,), mm^ (Ah,), mm 0,36 2,33 6,71 -1,26 -8,13 301,0 0,01 0,12 0,43 -0,10 -0,85 v., 5(Ah,) ,/o Ah 0,12 0,77 2,18 -0,42 -2,77 m/s 3,06 2,26 1,86 1,58 1,38 1,26 dung dugc cic mat nghieng ciia canh tren cac b l mat dang khIc r;=-li;-p:: 1^ Cac gdc dat cinh Pi vl pj dugc xlc dfnh nhu sau: ,„p,=J^^^^; Hinh Bilu van tdc kinh tuyln dpc theo elc dudng ddng b Tliiet kebien dang cdnh cong tdc Bien dang cinh cong tic dugc xay dung bang phuong phap mot tga vdi viec iing dung biln hinh bio giac tren mat ndn Dya theo cle gil fri van tdc da bilt d loi vio vl Idi ciia binh cong tac ta xac dinh dugc cic gdc dat canh Pi va P2 d Idi vao va Idi banh cong tac va xay K,V„ tgP: (2) (Dong hudng kinh V„2 = 0) Trong dd Ki va Kg II he sd chin ddng a mep vao va mep ciia cinh din CIc gdc vao vl ciia cinh din tai tilt dien tuong ung cac dudng ddng cd gia tri nhu sau (bing 4) Thuc fl cho thay phuong phip mot toa dugc su' dung rat phd biln, canh dan binh cong tac if xoln hon, chat lugng nang lugng va xam thuc ciia tua bin diu tdt Bing Gil tri elc gdc vio vl ciia cin din tai cic tilt diln Tiet dien Ban kinh R,, mm Ban kinh R„ mm Goc vao p° a-a 164,38 141,08 19"29 b-b 155,84 130,77 19"54 c-c 145,98 118,10 19"70 d-d 134,06 103,11 20"76 e-e 118,49 83,94 26"47 f-f 98,68 54,37 47"26 Goc p^ 20°86 21°21 21"60 22°88 24"66 28"77 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON-SO -THANG 1/2010 65 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE mat trudc va mat sau cua canh va xay dung ban ve che tao canh Qimb 6) V'W, ••'X, -^'i • ,-tv V, J,-'t •••< Hinh Xly dung prdphin elc tilt difin cinh tr6n mat ndn BHBG Gdc bao ciia canh x dugc xlc dinh tuong tu nhu tua bin miu fl60-8: x = 68" CIc mat nghieng ciia cinh dugc xay dung bing phuong phip bien hinh bio gilc tren mat ndn vdi gdc nghieng dugc lira chgn theo mat ddng (hinh 5) Khi xay dung cle mat nghieng ciia chilu day hiru ban tren cac be mat ddng khai triln chgn quy luat phan bd dd dly canh cong tac nhu sau: 1,% 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 5,% 71 90 98 100 88 75 59 40 20 Nhd elc bin ve khai trien ciia cic mat nghieng cua cinh ta xay dung dugc cac fief dien kinh tuyln Hinh Bin ve ehl tao cinh binh cdng tic hudng chIo mo hinh Tmh toln chay bao krdi cinh vl hi$u suit hidi cinh De tinh toan chly bao ludi canh ta cin thuc hien bien hinh bio giac ludi canh len mat tru nho cac phuong trinh sau: Av^ -AS , (3) Ax = R„A9 ^1 ^ — '- / - '- - ,-^ - - „ Tilt di$n gdc Tilt difen bi6n Tilt diln giiia Hinh Mat nghifeng cua cic tilt diln gdc, tilt di^n giiia vl tilt difin bidn BHBG l6n mat tru CIc mat nghieng canh bien hinh hlo gilc BHBG q u i tinh toln cho ta su phu thugc ciia phan bd van len mat tru dugc the hien tren hinh Tinh toan tdc va ap suit theo chu tuyln mat nghieng c (hinh 8) chly bao luoi canh dugc tiln hanh theo phuong phip Tdn thit thuy luc va hieu suit thuy luc cua luoi tich phan cua Rao-kho-man va Ka-za-skov [4] Kit cinh dugc xlc dinh theo phuong phip tich phan 15] (hinh 9), Kit q u i tinh toln thi hien tren hinh - — ^ « TlEIMEK R "5\ ~r - i i % "V=2E ^ —^pe>;•• 1.843 - '3.212 ^•f: 8.988 -: : • 8.25B 1.940 ;,2., • B.327 2.697 ' ' 8.14! "^^^ „'^ 2.288 : 2.323 9.223 - B.383 ^ ^ U ^ ' -L ;1 2.8il "^^ e.428 2.146 ; 9.279 ° A^ j^ tL.'" , 2.158 ,, 8,321 • s s.saa 1.927 " * ,.1 "" ^ ^ t-'^"# V 8.8667 ' Jeta • • 8.9273 T n WEH HU 8.8432 Jots >.' 8.8376 -— I H DIEN HII P \ • - b a t O o o -•11 / ; Phan bd van tdc ti-en cac tilt dien a/ i ,J i pj^^n bd Ip suit ti-en cac tilt d nen b/ Hinh PhSn bd vSn tdc a/ vk ap suit b/ tr6n cac tilt di6n 66 n DIEN HU I EI DIEN THU ^ IIH DIEK IHU 8.8363 0.8396 8.8334 Jeta Jota Jeta > , 8.8S13 - ' 8.8787 • ; , 8.1053 ' I R i so ion IHM MWCONCHC C*;JB.B82B(Bi^S^^jsi^S? Hinh Tinh toan ton thit chay bao luoi canh NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON-SO -THANG 1/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE III KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA THAO LUAN Tu' cac bieu dd phan bd van tdc va ap suit tren cic mat nghieng cua canh fa co nhan xet sau: - Phan bd van tdc va ap suit biln ddi diu theo chu tuyln mat nghieng, khong co cac diem dot bien ldn vl gil fri (ngoai tni phan bd Ip suit tai diem vao cua tilt dien 1) Dieu se cho ta luoi canh co chit lugng cao - Ap suit cue tilu tuong ddi tren mat lung ciia canh chi bing - 0,5 Ap suit tuyet ddi cue tieu tren mat canh tuong ung bing: + pH = - , = 8m y (4) Y Ap suit ldn hem Ip suit hoi bao hoa d 20"C (Phh = 0,24 m) Vay tua bm llm viec an toan khong xam thuc - Kit qui tinh toan ton thit vl hieu suit thiiy luc ciia luoi cinh cho fhly ton thit tuong ddi ciia ludi canh chi chiim 8,2% Nhu vay hieu suit thuy luc cua ludi canh cd fhl dat 91,8% IV Kit luan Mo hinh tua bin huong chIo dugc lua chgn va tinh toan hit siic chat che tren co sd cua ly thuylt thuy ddng luc hgc va ly thuyet cinh cho ta kit qui la mot mau banh cong tac va tua bin cd chit lugng nang lugng vl xam thuc tdt Miu nly dang dugc c h i tao va se dugc nghien Clin thli nghiem de so sinh voi k i t qui tinh toln ly thuyet, d l cudi cung cho mot sin pham khoa hgc dap u'ng cac yeu clu nang cao hieu suit va kha nang chdng xam thuc cua tua bin, la co sd de che tao cac td mIy thuy dien huong cheo ung dung vao thuc tien, gop phln xay dung va phlt trien nganh nang lugng thuy dien ciia nude ta TAI UEU THAM KHAO Vo Sy Huynh, N g u y i n Thi Xuan Thu Tua bin nuoc T r u d n g Dai hgc Bach khoa H I Ngi xuat ban, HaNgi-1991 B C KB51TK0BCKHri JfuapoHajibHbie riiApoTyp6niibi HsziaTejibCTBO "MamHHOCTpoeHHe"', Mocea 1971 B B BapjiiiT FH/ipaBJinHecKMe Typ5nHbi ro,noBHoe n3/iaTejibCTB0 HSziaTeubCKoro oG'be/rHHCHHa "Buura mKOJia", KHCB 1977, Le Danh Lien, Nguyen Ngoc Duy Calculation of velocity and pressure distribution on the turbo machine Proceedings of the international conference on Automotive Technology for Vietnam Hanoi, December llth-13th, 1996 PP 358-363 Le Danh Lien, Vu' Sy Huynh Phuong phip ly thuyet danh gia tdn that va hieu suit cua may thuy luc cinh dan Tuyen tap cong trinh "Hdi nghi Co hgc toln qudc lln thu' 6, HI Ngi, 1997" Trang 226-232 Luo Gaorong Amanual of China Small Hydraulic Turbine- Generating Units Hangzhou Regional Center (Asia-Pacific) for Small Hydropower 1997 RESEARCH FOR DESIGN CALCULATING MODEL OF DIAGONAL TURBINE FOR SMALL A N D MEDIUM HYDROPOWER Le Danh Lien, Pham Phuc Yen Suirunary Diagonal turbine is a intermediary type between Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine, it is applied for head water 25 -=- 200 m height This turbine has many advantages in hydropower field However, it has been applied for larger power stations before that so it's special structure To apply for small power station then to have to improve for simple manufacturing and increas productivity of turbine This article introduces result of model design theory calculating researching of mnning to reach targets proposed are high productivity and well unti-erosion ability to has been based applying for small hydropower Model of running is designed basing on theory of hydrodynamics and blade has got the first result (about theory) reaching for standards of energy and erosion This model will be experiment to get final result Keywords: Obliquely conducting turbine, hydroelectric station, small and medium sized capacity Ngudi phan bi6n: PGS.TS Vo Sy H u ^ NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 67 ... (bing 2): Bing CIc thdng sd ca bin ciia tua bin hudng chIo m6 hinh Hinh Phan din dbng cua Hinh Phln d5n d6ng cua tuabinm6hinhAnJl60 • tua bin m6 hinh thu nghiem CIc thong sd co ban ciia tua bin. .. sd cac sd lieu thuc nghiem cua cac binh cong tic tua bm hudng cheo cd chit lugng tdt Bing CIc thdng sd ca ban cua tua bin hudng chIo md hinh J60 Thong so tua bin ,0160-2 Pham vi cot ap Goc nghieng... vl diu ciia binh cong tic CIc thong sd kich thudc ciia tua bin mo hinh dugc chgn tren co sd cac thong sd llm viec ciia tram thi nghiem vl cac thong sd quy dirdi ciia tua bin mo hinh Binh cong tac