TUYEN TAP KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 50 NAM TAP II DIEU HANH HE T H 6 N G HC) CHLPA VQI MUCTIEU CH6NG LU VA PHAT DIEN GS TS Vu Tat Uyen Trong nhOng nam tai, nhiSu h6 diSu tiet lan se dugc xay dung a Bac Bo Ho[.]
TUYEN TAP KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 50 NAM TAP II DIEU HANH HE T H N G HC) CHLPA VQI MUCTIEU CH6NG LU VA PHAT DIEN GS.TS Vu Tat Uyen Trong nhOng nam tai, nhiSu h6 diSu tiet lan se dugc xay dung a Bac Bo Ho dieu tiet cy Bac Bo thuang co nhieu muc tieu: chong lu, phat dien va cap nuac miia IQ, dieu hanh ho dam bao chong lii va phat dien la quan nhat Duai day trinh bay nhiing nguyen tac dieu hanh ho chong IQ va phat dien I Diiu hanh hd chdng 10 Truac ban ve dieu hanh theo hai muc tieu, se trinh bay quy tac dieu hanh ho nham chong IQ va phat dien rieng biet, cho mot ho rieng biet va cho he thong ho bo tri theo kieu bac thang hay song song 1.1 Dieu Itdnh chong lu mgt ltd dqc lap Voi lugng lu thiet ke xac dinh, tiiy theo dung tich ciia ho, co the dieu hanh theo each sau: a) Dung tich ho han che so voi lugng lu thiet ke - dieu hanh ho theo quy tac: truoc ho tich day, luu lugng xa thuc bang luu lugng cho phep (lim lugng an toan chong IQ cho du), sau ho tich day, luu lugng xa thuc bang luu lugng den ho b) Dung tich ho nho nhieu so vai lugng lu thiet ke - phai to chiic du bao thiiy van chinh xac, lien tuc o viing dinh IQ dam bao thao xuong du mgt luu lirgng lan han luu lugng cho phep vira phai, va thai gian ngan nhat 1.2 DiSu hdnh chong lu he thong ho bqc thang Vai he thong ho bac thang, co dong bo sung ngang den cac ho lim (hinh 1) co muc tieu nhat kiem soat lu, each dieu hanh hgp ly la: can cat IQ, tich dSy h6 cao hon truac, co dieu kien xa, thao rong ho thap han truac, nham kiem soat cac tran lu lan, vuat IQ thiet ke ciia lim vuc TTinh Hi thong ho bdc thang PHAN I - THlJY LLJi::, SONG BIEN VA PHONG CHONG LLJT BAO Truang hgp dac biet, kha nang thao cua ho luu qua nho, co the khong ap dung quy tac tren Khi nay, tot hon la tich vao ho thap nhat truoc, nham nang cao muc nuoc ho thap, tir tang kha nang thao cua toan he thong xu6ng du se cho phep xa truac nhieu han, tang tong dung tich du phong cho tran lu sjp d^n Trong he thong ho bac thang, thuang vimg bao ve chong IQ chung, nam du toan he thong, cung co the co cac viing bao ve khac nam du rieng mot ho nao Truang hgp can can nhae ky, dieu hanh phan chia dung tich ch6ng IQ cho ho nao, nham bao ve vung nao? 1.3 Dieu hdnh chong IU he thong ho song song Quy tac dieu hanh kiem soat lu he thong ho song song (hinh 2) la can bang giua dung tich gianh cho cat IQ va lugng mua du bao tren timg luu vuc Khi can giam luu lugng nuac xa xuong du, thi giam truoc tien a cac ho nhieu dung tich va CO lugng mua dir bao nho nhat Khi co the tang luu lugng xa xuong du thi tang truac tien tir cac ho da tich day han va c6 lugng mua du bao cao hon, xa nhieu tu ho du bao CO mua Ion, dugc dieu hoa bang giam lugng xa tir ho dir bao co mua nho de tong lugng xa be hon hoac bang luu lugng cho phep (luu lugng an toan chong lu) Nhu cau dung nuOc Hinh He thong ho song song Nguyen tac ro rang, nhung dieu hanh de dat muc tieu lai khong de Muc tieu kiem soat lu la giam dinh lu du bang each giu nuac lai tren ho, nhung cac tran lu den ho thuang rat nhanh, kho du bao chinh xac, nen kho dieu hanh cat dung dinh IQ Muc nuoc lu a vung can bao ve (ha du toan he thong) se rat lan neu dinh IQ a cac song nhanh xay cung mgt thcri gian (dong bo dinh IQ) Dieu hanh thich hgp c6 the ngan ngua hien tirgng nay: cho dinh IQ du ho A xuat hien nhanh han, dinh IQ o ho B cham lai, de pha the dong bg dinh IQ Khi dinh IQ di qua, xa nuac tir cac ho cQng can de phong hien tirgng nuac xa tir cac ho goi len nhau, dat liru lugng cue dai viing can bao ve 1.4 Cff chi diiu hdnh kiem sodt lu he thong lien ho 1.4.1 Dieu hdnh tqi cho Trong CO chi tai cho, cac ho van hanh dgc lap voi Trung tam dieu hanh khong quyet djnh liai lugng xa cua tirng ho, nen muc tieu tu nhien ciia nguai dieu hanh tung ho la xa nuac nhu the nao de: - Dam bao an toan chong IQ true tiep cho du ho ciia minh - Dam bao san Iirgne dien theo thiet ke TUYEN TAP KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 50 NAM TAP II - Tich day ho sau miia lu, dam bao cap nuac va phat dien miia kho 1.4.2 Cff che dieu hanh tap trung Trong CO ch6 diiu hanh tap trung, trung tam dieu hanh phai tinh dugc luu lugng xa tuc thoi cho tung h6 Muc tieu diiu hanh toan he thong la xac dinh duang cong xa nirac Q, (t) cho tirng h6 su6t mua lu dl dam bao an toan chong lu cho toan he thong va ding thai thoa man cac ring huge vl an toan phat dien va cap nuac cho du Khi chgn cac duang cong xa nuoc cho timg ho thich hgp, co the lam cho dinh lu o cac song khong xay cimg mgt thoi diem va de phong lugng xa tii cac ho goi len nhau, dat luu lugng circ dai du Khi quyit dinh vl lugng xa tu cac ho he thong, trung tam dieu hanh phai thuc hien nhieu tinh toan phirc tap dua tren so lieu thuc do, so lieu du bao dong den ho tren toan luu vuc Vai ca chi dieu hanh tai cho, nguoi dieu hanh tirng ho thuc hien nhung tinh toan it phuc tap han, co the tinh lai lugng xa tir ho ciia neu thay can, do co the thay doi quyet dinh thuang xuyen hon Chac chan la ATc > AT| (ATc - thoi doan tinh theo co che dieu hanh tap trung, AT| - thai doan tinh theo ca che dieu hanh tai cho) 1.4.3 Co' che phdn cap dieu hdnh Trong CO che phan cap dieu hanh, quy tac xac dinh luu lugng xa cua timg ho dirge thiet ke nhu the nao do, de nguoi dieu hanh trung tam co the tham gia y kien cac phoi hgp dinh ky to chire sir phoi hgp giira nguai dieu hanh cac ho Muc tieu cua trung tam dieu hanh la xac dinh thong so phoi hgp a tirng thoi gian nhu the nao de dam bao miic dich lgi dung tong hgp cua he thong lien ho Tuang tu co che dieu hanh tap trung, thong so a dugc diing de ngiin ngira hien tugng xa nuoc goi giira cac ho, co the dan den luu lugng cue dai du Quy trinh quyet dinh cua co che phan cap dieu hanh nhu sau: dau tien du bao dong chay den cac ho, sau trung tam dieu hanh tinh toan, xac djnh thong so phfli hgp cho tirng ho tirng thai doan, dua vao nguoi dieu hanh tung ho quyit dinh ve lirgng xa cho ho cua minh 1.4.4 Kinh ngliiem sir dung cdc cit che dieu hdnh kiem sodt lu Kinh nghiem dieu hanh kiem soat IQ nhieu nuac, cung nhu nhan xet true giae, cho thay: - Neu he thong gom it ho, it song nhanh va voi cac tran lu nho diiu hanh theo mgt ba co che tren, cho ket qua khong khac nhieu lam - Neu he thong gom nhieu ho, nhieu song nhanh, xay cac tran lu lan, ca chi diiu hanh tap trung dam bao an toiin chong IQ cho toan he thong cao hon hai ca chi lai II Di4u hanh h6 phat dien 2.1 Dieu hdnh phdt dien mqt ho doc lap VtVi muc tieu phat dien, dieu hanh mua lu va miia kho theo cac quy tSc khac Trong mua IQ, dieu hanh ho nham tich toi da nang lugng vao cuoi mua IQ Trong PHAN - THUY LIJC, SONG BIEN VA PHONG CHONG LLIT BAO miia kho, muc tieu la nang cao toi da cong suat phat dien voi lugng nuac da tich dugc miia lu 2.2 Dieu hdnh phdt dien he thong ho bqc thang Quy tac chung van la dieu hanh de tich dugc nang lugng toi da vao cuoi miia lu De nang cao toi da nang lugng tich dugc, truac tien tich vao ho cao hon (ho thugng luu) Lugng nuac tich o eao lan hem, se sinh nang lugng lan hon so vai tich a cao thap Dieu dac biet dung he thong bac thang, vi nuac xa tir ho eao hon, dugc ho thap hon dung lai Quy tac phat dien on djnh (mua kho), nham nang cao toi da san lugng dien tu long lugng nuac tich dugc mua IQ Van de la phan chia lugng nuac tich dugc cho cac ho nhu the nao de san lugng dien dat cao nhat Noi chung iru tien cho ho nao co dau nuoc lan hon, co hieu suat phat dien cao han, co lugng xa qua tuoc bin lan hon, vi san lugng dien la san pham cua dau nuoc, luu lugng va hieu suat cua dan tuoc bin CQng CO bien dgng thuy van that thucmg, tong lugng nude tich dugc vao cuoi miia lu toan he thong khong o mirc cao nhat, thi thuang mi tien tich nuoc vao cac ho nho, mgt don vi the tich nuac tru them se co dau nuoc lan han so voi tich vao cac ho to hon, hien tugng dugc mo ta tren hinh Hinh Tich nudc he thong ho bdc thang Theo hinh 3, the tich can thiet de nang cot nuac them mgt cao x cua ho nho hon (V2) it hon nhieu so voi ho ldn han (VI) 2.3 Dieu hdnh phdt dien he thong ho song song Vai muc tieu phat dien, quy tac chung nhat la: tich nuoc toi da vao ho co san lirgng dien Ion nhSl Thuang dung cong thirc sau, tinh hieu suat tich nuoc phat dien cho timg ho: Vi = a.Ci [eiqi] do: (1) v; - san lugng dien tang them tren mgt don vi the tich nirac tru them; aj - bien doi dau nuoc tren mgt don vi lugng nuoc tru them; Cj - he so hieu suat phat dien; qi - luu lugng den ho Theo quy tic phat dien on dinh, cac ho dug(i = 1, 2, m) Khi c6 dieu kien tich nuoc, se tieh theo thir tu uu tien tir ho co Vi cao nhiiLc xep theo thu tu tiJng san lugng dien V, din ho CO vi thap nhat Khi can thao nirtVc khoi cac ho, thi thao theo thir tir ngugc lai 10 TUYEN TAP KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 50 NAM TAP II III Diiu hanh hd theo hai muc tieu: chdng lu va phat dien 3.1 Diiu hdnh tdi wu theo thffi gian thirc vd khung diiu hanh hffp ly quy truth Co nhiiu thuat toan cho phep tinh diiu kien van hanh toi uu (tich hoac xa nuac a h i nao, bao nhieu ) de dat lgi ich t i i uu da muc tieu (chong lu, phat dien, cap nuac ), nhien de diing dugc cac thuat toan phai co cac so lieu thuc ve muc nuac cac ho, dong chay din cac h i , dong chay du cac ho thoi doan tinh va cac so lieu du bao tuang ung cho thoi doan sau Tinh toan toi uu miia IQ, thuang dung du bao thuy van trung han (du bao truac tir din ngay) du bao truac cang nhieu ngay, cang chinh xac thi lgi ich diiu hanh theo thuat toan toi uu cang Ion Vi vay dieu hanh toi uu da muc tieu chi c6 thi thuc hien tac nghiep hang nam co du cac so lieu thuc va du bao trung han du chinh xac ve dong chay a thugng, lim cac ho Khi chua co dieu kien diiu hanh toi uu, thudng dieu hanh hd theo mgt quy trinh thiet lap trudc Quy trinh kn dinh nhung quy tac ldn, nhirng chi tieu chinh ve mirc nudc ho, dung tieh ehuan bi cat IQ, luu lugng xa an toan timg thdi doan, nham dam bao lgi ich tong hgp cho chong lu va phat dien Khi xay dung quy trinh thudng dung cac tai lieu thiiy van lich sir, tinh cac chi tieu khung cho dieu hanh hang nam Tuy nhien, thien nhien Iuon bien doi, cac sd lieu thuy van lich sir dau cd nhieu, cung khd phan anh diing cac tran lu se xay Vi vay quy dinh nhirng net ldn, khung dieu hanh hgp ly cho chdng lu va phat dien, nen danh cho ngudi dieu hanh hang nam mgt khoang rgng, de dieu tiet theo sd lieu thuy van thuc, theo thdi gian thuc nham dat lgi ich hgp ly nhat cho chdng lu va phat dien 3.2 Dieu hdnh hop ly chong lu, phdt dien v&i mgt ho dpc lap Neu hd cd du dung tich cat IQ thiet ke, va dam bao edt nudc thiet ke cua dan tudc bin, thi muc tieu chdng lu va phat dien deu dugc dam bao Trong thuc te dung tich hd khdng du ldn, mgt phan dung tich phai dung chung cho chdng lu va phat dien, nen can dieu hanh dam bao lgi ich hgp ly chdng IQ va phat dien Trudc tien phai dua vao nhiem vu thiet ke cua timg hd Neu nhiem vu ehinh cua hd la phdng lu thi diiu hanh c4n uu tien eho phdng lu, sau mdi xet den lgi ich cua phat dien U'u tien cho phdng lu la danh du dung tich trdng de cat IQ thiet ke, xet din lgi ich phat dien mua lu la dua cot nudc phat dien len gan cot nudc thiet ke cua dan tudc bin neu cd thi va cudi mua IQ tich day nudc vao hd de cd du nudc phat dien mua khd 3.3 Dieu hdnh hffp ly chong lu, phdt dien he thing ltd bac thang Quy tac dieu hanh chdng IQ he thdng ho bac thang la: ch\ cat lu, tieh diy hd thugng lim trudc, can dung tich trdng chuin bi diiu tilt tran lu sau thi xa hd luu trudc Quy tac gidng quy tac dieu hanh tich nang phat dien trinh bay dilm 2.2 da cd su tuong hgp dieu hanh he thdng hd bac thang chdng IQ va phat dien Vdi muc tieu phat dien, quy tac chung nhat la tieh nudc tdi da vao hd cd edng suat phat dien ldn nhat Sap tdi ed them hd Son La, hd Son La cd cdng sudt phat dien ldn nhat he thdng hd bac thang sdng Da Theo cac quy tac tren, tich nudc trude tien vao hd Son La cat IQ cQng la each dieu hanh cd lgi nhat cho tich nang va phat dien cua toan he thdng hd tren sdng Da PHAN I - THlJY LUC, SONG BIEN VA PHONG CHONG LUT BAO 11 3.4 Dieu hdnh hgfp ly chong lii, phdt dien he thong ho song song Vdi he thdng hd song song, quy tac chung nhat kiem soat lu la can bang dung tich danh cho cat IQ vdi lugng mua du bao xay tren tung lim vuc, quy tac chung nhat phat dien la tich nudc tdi da vao hd cd san lugng dien ldn nhat Dieu hanh tdi im la phdi hgp hgp ly giu'a cac quy tac kiem soat IQ va phat dien Trong dieu hanh tac nghiep hang nam, d thdi doan xac djnh, cd du sd lieu thuy van thuc va du bao trung han, dimg cac thuat toan tdi uu, cd the tinh dugc lugng nudc can xa, hoac can tich lai cho timg hd Trong budc xay dung quy trinh, dua vao sd lieu thuy van lich sir, chi cd the phan doan dugc quy md cac tran lu cd the xay d tirng thdi ky mua lu Do dd dieu cd the lam dugc la phan nhd ky IQ tai cac viing can bao ve d du cac hd, xac dinh quy mo lu, dung tich can thiet cho dieu tiet IQ tu'ng ky IQ, tren co sd dd eho phep tich nudc tdi da vao hd cd san lugng dien ldn nhat theo timg ky lu Sau dua hd Tuyen Quang vao khai thac, hinh he thdng hd song song (Thac Ba + Tuyen Quang tren sdng Ld va Hda Binh tren sdng Da), cdng suat phat dien ciia hd Hda Binh ldn hon hd Tuyen Quang va Thac Ba nhieu lan, nen ky lu nho phan cho hd Tuyen Quang, Thac Ba cat lu, tao dieu kien dua muc nudc hd Hda Binh len gan cdt nudc thiet ke ciia dan tudc bin la phuang an khung phdi hgp giua lgi ich chong IQ va phat dien hgp ly nhat K§t luan Tren day neu nhung nguyen tac chung, dieu hanh he thdng hd chdng IQ va phat dien Thuc tiin dieu hanh hang nam dua vao ket qua tinh theo md hinh md phdng sd la each lam chuan nhat, vi md phdng sd cac quy tac dieu hanh dugc kiem nghiem lai ky cang va dugc lam cho tinh te han Trong da sd trudng hgp ket qua tinh md phdng rat gin vdi ket qua dieu hanh thue Vdi he thdng hd ldn, quy tac dieu hanh can dugc bd sung them tu thuc tien dieu hanh Diiu hanh tdi uu theo thdi gian thue he thdng hd da muc tieu, va du bao thuy van trung han phuc vu cho diiu hanh tdi uu la phuang hudng nghien cim tiep theo cd the mang lai nhieu lgi ich cho chdng IQ va phat dien TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Jay r lund - Some derived operating rules for reservoir in series or in parallel journal of water resources planning and management - 1999 [2] Ewa n.s - Computer simulation of flood operation in multireservoir systems Warsaw university of technology - 2003 [3] Vu Tat Uyen - Kilm soat IQ va thoat lu - Vien Khoa hgc Thiiy lgi - 2004