Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo KH^ N^NG fiP DUNG Gl^l PMP CONG NGHE CHEN LO TRONG KHAI THAC THAN TAI CAC MO HAM LO VUNG QUANG NINH During coal mining activity, backfill operations have been carried o[.]
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o KH^ N^NG fiP DUNG Gl^l PMP CONG NGHE CHEN LO TRONG KHAI THAC THAN TAI CAC MO HAM LO VUNG QUANG NINH During coal mining activity, backfill operations have been carried out with the purposes of supporting goals in longwalls and stalls to prevent roof rock subsidence, failures or collapses, ensuring good conditions for mining the total thickness of the coal seams as well as recovering natural resources The paper deals with the capability of applying back-filling methods to coal mining activities at Quang Ninh coal mines Hien nay, cac c6ng ty than ham 16 hau het dang tien hanh khai thac cac via than d mac sau, d6 mpt phan Idn trCp \irc?ng cac khu vac via nam du'di day, ria cac moong khai thac 16 thien, hay dadi cac ddi taong can bao ve tren be mat, hoac dadi cac khu vac cam hoat dpng khoang san v.v Van de kho khan khai thac cac via than bang phLPong phap ham 16 dadi cac day moong 16 thien la sa anh hu'dng den khu vac khai thac 16 thien sgt lun, chan ddng no min, hay ngu'p'c lai, nadc tfch tg tai cac moong Id thien se anh hu'dng den khai thac ham Id phia dadi Tradng hop khai thac cac vfa than dadi cac cdng trinh, can thiet phai dam bao cac cdng trinh tren mat dat khong bj anh hLPong bdi khai thac ham 16 phia dadi Do dd, vipc nghien cau de xuat cac so dd cdng nghp khai thac phu hp-p, nham tan thu tdi da phan trCp lu'p'ng tai nguyen than khdng tai tao neu tren, ddng thdi phat huy hieu qua vdn dau ta md via chuan bj va khai thac khu vac la viec lam cap thiet va cd y nghTa thiet thac giai doan hien Trong khai thac than, cdng tac chen 16 daoc tien hanh vdi TS NGUYEN ANH TUAN TS oAo H N G QUANG Vien Khoa hgc Cong nghe Mo -Vinacomin mgc dich chdng giCp khoang trdng da khai thac 16 chp' va cac khoanh khau nham ngan ngaa lun (sgt) hoac sap dd da vach den be mat dja hinh; dam bao thuan loi cho khai thac toan bp chieu day via, khai thac khong de lai trg bao ve, khai thac cac via lien ke va cac than quang; giam va ngan ngaa nguy hiem ve ta chay md; giam thieu khdi lap'ng dat da phai daa len be mat dat qua trinh dao chdng cac dadng Id chuan bj va khai thac cac via mdng; ngan ngaa tgt Id dat da cac dadng Id chuan bj va khai thac Phan tich, danh gia dac diem dieu kien dja chat cac via than vung Quang Ninh cho thay, phan trCp lap'ng than khai thac can SLP dgng cdng nghe chen Id phgc vg cong tac dieu khien da vach va bao ve be mat tap trung vao ddi tLPp'ng chinh gdm: (1) cac khu vac via than nam dadi cac cdng trinh can bao ve tren be mat; (2) cac khu vac anh hu'dng hdn hp'p cua khai thac ham 16 va 16 thien; (3) cac khoang sang than dadi cac khu vac cam hoat dpng khoang san, va (4) cac via than thupc loai ddc cd chieu day mdng va trung binh Ket qua sd lieu danh gia so bd KHCNM SO 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM LO cua Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md tai mpt sd khoang sang than vung Quang Ninh chi rang, tra lu'p'ng than khai thac can SLP dgng cdng nghe chen Id la 663,4 trieu tan Phan tich chi tiet phan bd cac khu vac vfa than da danh gia cho thay, tru" lap'ng cac via than chju anh hu'dng cua khai thac hdn hp'p ham Id va Ip thien la 284,8 trieu tan (chiem 42,9%), tap trung chu yeu d cac khu vac khoang sang Khe Cham ll-IV, Khe Cham III va Nui Beo Tiep theo la tra lap'ng cac khoang sang than nam dadi cac khu vac cam hoat ddng khoang san UBND tinh Quang Ninh lap nam 2001 nha khu du Ijch van hda va danh lam t h i n g canh Yen TO', cac hd chaa nadc phia Ddng va phia Bac huyen Ddng Trieu, khu bao ve nha may nadc Di6n Vpng (247,0 trieu tan, taong ang 37,2% tdng trCp lap'ng danh gia) TrCp lagng than phan bd dadi cac cdng trinh can bao vp be mat la 122,7 trieu tan (chiem 18,5%) Tra lap'ng cac via than ddc, chieu day mdng den trung binh chiem ty le nhd (1,3%) Ty 1# phan bd trCp lap'ng dadi cac via than can giai phap cdng nghe chen 16 daoc the hien tren hinh Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o Khu virc nam duoi cac khu virc cam hoat dong khoang san, 37,2% Via mong, trung binh, 1,3% Khu virc anh huonghonhgpcua khai thac HLLT, 42,9% thieu khdi lu'p'ng dat da phai du'a len be mat dat qua trinh dao chdng cac dadng Id chuin bj va khai thac, dong thdi dam bao cac dadng Id chuan bj khdng bj anh hadng cua ap lac rnd Id chp' va chdng gia chung vung da khai thac Tai Viet Nam, nham nghien cau trien khai ap dgng cac Khu virc namduui giai phap cdng nghp de tan cong trinh can b thu cac via than nam dadi cac ve,18,5% cdng trinh can bao ve, nam Hinh Bieu phan bo trO' luv'ng can su' dung cong nghe 2006, Vien Khoa hpc Cong khai thac SLP dung chen Id nghe Md phdi hp'p vdi Cdng ty than Mao Khe cung chuyen Tai mot sd nadc tren the Tai 16 chp' cua cac md ham gia Nhat Ban nghien cau ap gidi, de khai thac cac khu vac Id vung Ddnbass, Lien Xd dgng thu' nghiem cdng nghp khoang sang nam dadi cac (cu), cung dap'c ap dgng cdng khai thac cot dai theo phaong, cdng trinh dan dgng va c6ng nghp khai thac SLP dgng chen dieu khien da vach bang nghiep, cac ddi tap'ng chaa Id de bao ve cac cdng trinh phaong phap chen Id toan nu'dc nhLP sdng, sudi, hd, dap tren be mat Nham giam khdi phan tai Id chp' mac -25/+30 thuy Ip'i, v.v cdng nghe khai lap'ng vat lipu chen, cdng tac via Tay xuyen via 56-1, Canh thac dieu khien vach bang chen 16 toan phan bang Bac, Cdng ty than Mao Khe phu'ong phap chen 16 nham phaong phap ta chay chi SLP Ket qua ap dgng thCp nghiem han che toi da mac dp sgt lun dgng d nCpa dau 16 chp' da khang dinh cdng nghp khai dap'c ap dgng rpng rai Vi dg, nCea chan 16 cho vdi chieu dai thac dieu khien da vach bang de bao vp cac khu vac dan ca 30 4- 60m, viec dieu khien da phaong phap chen Id toan tren be mat tai md Wujeck, vach dap'c thac hien bang cac phan dap ang dap'c yeu cau vung Katowice, Ba Lan, cac via cui Ip'n Khdi dat da chen han che sgt lun be mat, gdp than nam phia dadi da dap'c dap'c gia lai bang cac hang vi phan tan thu phan tai nguyen khai thac su' dgng chen Id toan chdng gd Ket cau cua hang vi nam dadi cac cdng trinh can phan bang phaong phap thuy chdng gd khdng phg thupc bao vp Tuy xet ve hipu qua lac Ld chp' n i m dadi va cd dp vao cac dai dat da chen, bdi kinh te, vdi gia tieu thg sau 360m so vdi mat dja hinh hang vi chdng khdng phai chju than tai thdi diem ap dgng, du'p'c chdng giCi' bang dan trpng lu'p'ng toan bd khdi chen cdng nghp khai thac dieu chong co gidi hda dac biet ket ma chi la mpt phan vat lieu khien vach bang phaong hp'p vdi may khau combai tham gia vao Cf vung phap chen Id toan phan tai Trong qua trinh khai thac, cac Kuzbass, cdng nghe chen Id Cdng ty than Mao Khe chaa doan gd du'p'c chen len n6c 16 bang co (SLP dgng may hat that s a dem lai hieu qua kinh va den vj tri tiep giap giCpa 16 chen Id ket hp'p vdi bang tai) te, nhang vipc ap dgng cdng chp' va luong pha hda, cac cung da dap'c ap dgng nghe la mpt tau ve doan gd du'p'c chdng bang khai thac cac via day, ddc mat ky thuat, m d hadng cac cot g6 de gia phan da vach dang theo cac Idp ngang tha khai thac SLP dgng chen 16 de khdi sap dd Sau mdi tien dd t a ta tren xudng bao ve cac cong trinh be mat khau, phan khong gian phia sau luong pha hda se dap'c Ngoai ra, tai mpt sd nadc De chen lap khoang khong chen lap Vdi so dd cdng nghp tren the gidi, cdng tac chen Id da khai thac cong nghp khai thac nay, san lu'p'ng khai cung dap'c SLP dgng khai khai thac chen 16, phLPong thac 16 chp' tnjng binh dat thac cac via cd chieu day phap chen 16 chinh thu-dng du'p'c mdng n h i m mgc dich giam SLP dgng gdm: chen 16 tg' ch^y, 400.000 tan/nam KHCNM S6 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o chen 16 co khi, chen 16 thuy lac va Chen 16 bing nen Phu'ong phap chen 16 ta chay SLP dgng trpng lac ban than cua vat lieu chen de chen lap khoang kh6ng da khai thac Vat lieu chen du'p'c SLP dgng ta dat da thai qua trinh dao 16, khai thac 16 thien, sang tuyen, v.v , kh6ng d6i hdi khoi lu'p'ng gia cdng vat lieu nhieu va td chac cac cdng vipc chen Id don gian Chen Id ta chay la phLPong phap re tien nhat, nang suat chen phg thupc chu yeu phu'ong phap van tai ta ngoai mat bang den khu vac can chen NhLPp-c diem chu yeu cua phaong phap chen 16 ta chay la dp len chat cua khdi chen thap, dp chat giam ta dadi len tren, han che theo gdc nghieng va can thiet phai lam dam tran phan ndc Id chp' va budng khai thac Gdc ddc ta nhien thupc vao kich cd vat lipu chen ta 30° ^ 45° Phaong phap chen Id co du'p'c thac hien bang each dung may hat da hoac may tdi cao tdi daa vat lieu chen daa vao khoang trdng da khai thac Vat lipu chen dap'c daa vao dau Id chp" hoac khoanh khau bang cac xe godng, bang tai hoac cho ta chay theo cac dadng Id thap'ng Phaong phap cd au diem la gia cdng vat lipu chen re, don gian, cd the su' dgng vat lieu dang cgc, dd ke ca dat da cang Tuy nhien, chen Id CO cd nhap'c diem day chuyen van chuyen vat lieu pham vi Id chp' (khoanh khau) va khai tnidng md rat phac tap, thiet bj chen Id cd kich thadc Idn, cdng kenh, kha nang chen kin khoang trdng da khai thac thap Hipn phu'ong phap chen Id co it dap'c ap dgng nganh cdng nghiep khai thac md Phaong phap chen Id thuy Ig'c daa tren sa hd trg cua nang lap'ng nadc de van chuyen vat lieu chen (cat xi nhd, dudi quang, phe lieu nha may tuydn hoac da gdc kich cd den 60mm) vao chen lap khong gian da khai thac Phaong phap c6 au diem khoi chen c6 dp len chat cao (vdi vat lieu chen cd dp hat nhd), nang suat chen cao, dam bao viec du'a vat lieu chen ta mat dat vao gaong theo dadng dng din vdi khoang each Idn va cd kha nang each ly dn djnh khoang trdng da chen vdi sa tham nhap cua khdng Tuy nhien, nhu'p'c diem cua chen Id thuy lac la can phai du'a vao md mpt lap'ng nadc Idn din den phac tap hda he thdng thoat nadc va lam cho dieu kipn mdi tru'dng xau di d cac gaong Id bd tri phia dadi cac khu vac chen, yeu cau ve vat lieu chen cao, dac biet la cd hat va tap chat cua phan set, khdng c6 kha nang phdi hp'p cong viec khau than va chen 16 Chen 16 bang nen daa tren viec SLP dgng nang lu'p'ng cua d6ng nen de van chuyen vat lieu chen vao khoang trdng da khai thac PhLPong phap c6 au diem nang suat chen 16 cao, so dd cdng nghe don gian, co ddng khau van chuyen vat lieu, cd au Viet cac md ham Id cd nguy hiem ve Nhap'c diem co ban cua phaong phap Chen Id bang nen la chi phi nang lu'p'ng cap, yeu cau ve chat lu'p'ng vat lieu cap, dac bipt la ty le ham lap'ng set va KHCNM S6 1+2/2011* CNKT HAM LO dp am hdn hp'p, dadng dng va cac thiet bj nhanh hdng, tao bgi Ion Tuy thupc vao mac dp can bao ve cua cac cdng trinh tren mat dja hinh, thiet ke so cdng nghe khai thac SLP dgng chen Id yeu cau chat lap'ng va sa phoi hp'p giCVa nguyen vat lieu chen, cd hat va dp am se dap'c tinh toan Kinh nghiem ap dgng phaong phap chen Id tai nu'dc ngoai cho thay hieu qua cua cdng tac chen phg thupc Idn vao cd hat cua vat lieu chen Khi thiet ke vat lipu chen, hai van de quan tam nhat la kha nang ta chdng da cua vat lieu chen khai thac khu vac giap ranh va kha nang khdng bj pha huy ap lac dat da tac ddng len Tai mpt sd noi tren the gidi, xi mang du'p'c dLPa them vao vat lieu chen nham tang kha nang dinh ket giCpa vat lieu chen cung nhLP kha nang chju ap lac Tuy nhien, sa cd mat qua nhieu lu'p'ng xi mang se han che mac dp tham thau cua nadc vat lipu chen Ngoai ra, de cd the cung cap du lu'p'ng vat lieu chen cho khdng gian khai thac Idn, dpc theo gaong khai thac ngLPoi ta bd trf cac loai vat lieu chen cd kich cd va dp dinh ket khac PhLPong phap chen Id SLP dgng cac loai vat lipu khac dap'c md ta tren hinh Tren co sd kinh nghiem cua cac nu'dc tren the gidi va dieu kien dja chat ky thuat md vung Quang Ninh, cd the ap dgng cac so dd cdng nghe khai thac dieu khien bang phu'ong phap chen Id nha sau: Ddi vdi cac via than day, ddc, de xuat ap dgng cdng nghe khai thac Id chp' dai theo hadng ddc, trinh ta khau ta Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o ="=-="=• Vat lieu chte chiu lire ]dn •iy.l^, yM liSl dien hm tho khdn^ gin ket du'di len, chen Id bang phaong phap ta chay de giam khoi iLPong va thdi gian gia cdng vat lipu Chen, ddng thdi don gian hda cdng tac td chac cac cong viec chen 16 » » ; ' \ I" yil lilu pheD Ji3tfeosl& ^& *^=l'f'