^^aiwjiSOT V Nghidn ciJu & Trao doi DAC DIEM BIEN DONG CUA MOT SO YEU TO MOI TRU''''ONG KHONG KHI THEO SO LIEU QUAN TRAC TU'''' DONG TAI TRAM LANG HA NOI ThS T r i n Thj Thu Hu''''O''''ng Trung tam Mang ludi KTTV[.]
^^aiwjiSOT V Nghidn ciJu & Trao doi DAC DIEM BIEN DONG CUA MOT SO YEU TO MOI TRU'ONG KHONG KHI THEO SO LIEU QUAN T R A C TU' DONG TAI TRAM L A N G - H A NOI ThS T r i n Thj Thu Hu'O'ng Trung tam Mang ludi KTTV va mdi trudng V r/ec sCf dung nhirng kit qua da cd danh gia hien trang, canh bdo nhiem phtic VIJ cdng tdc bao ve moi trudng ia vin dS co y nghTa khoa hoc va thuc tiin Bdi bao sCf diJng bp sd lieu quan trie trung binh Igid tai tram quan trie tu dpng cd dinh Lang di tinh todn cae dac trung thing ke eita ede yeu to mdi trudng khdng khi, dS tim hiiu qui luat biin ddi eua ede ehit d nhiim gdp phin giai quyit bdi toan d nhiim mdi trudng khdng Thdnh Hd Npi Doi tu'o'ng nghien CLFU vdi Hemoglobin (Hb) mau gay thieu theo phan ting sau: Hb2 + COHbCO + O2 Muc dp ngo a Khi Sunfuro SO2 ddc CO phu thudc vao ham lugng Hemoglobin da Day la chit nhiem dugc xem la quan trgng nhit hg sunforoxit SO2 sinh qua trinh d i t k i t hgp vdi CO, n l u t r i m trgng cd the gay tCr vong Muc tieu va Phu'O'ng phap nghien CLPU nhien lieu than da va d i u Day la loai khong mau, cd mui vj hang, khdng chay, ed tan ldn SO2 tac dung vdi nude mdi trudng khdng I m udt a Mue tieu va pham vi nghien ciru + Xac djnh s u b i l n dgng cua y l u t l moi trudng tao H2SO3.SO2 q u y l n gap mua va khong SO2 va CO gdm: b i l n trinh dem, he cac tac nhan oxi hoa (sIm, chdp) tao mua s l b i l n ddng, lech c h u i n , ham tuang quan va axit SO2 gay nguy hai cho cac cong trinh kiln true, ham c l u true c h u i n hoa thdi gian lam hu hdng, giam t u l i thp cua cac san p h i m vai nilon, ta nhan tao, dd da gily SO2 gay anh hudng + s l lieu trung binh I h cua SO2, CO dugc lay x l u den qua trinh sinh trudng cua rau qua O l i vdi lien tuc nam tu nam 2004 d i n 2007 tai Tram ngudi va dgng vat, SO2 cd t h i gay cac benh quan t r i e mdi trudng t u dpng c l djnh Lang - Ha v l dudng hd h i p va cd the gay tCp vong d ning dp Ngi cao + Tram quan t r i e moi trudng t u dgng co djnh Lang - Ha Ngi duge dua vao mang ludi tram d i l u b Khi oxit cacbon CO CO sinh qua trinh ddt nhien lieu, dac biet trudng hgp chay khong hoan toan tu cac I n g khdi nha may, ong xa cua xe may, dto CO la loai khong mau, khdng mui, khong vj CC n i n g dp thip, CO khong dgc d i i vdi thuc vat vi cay xanh cd t h i chuyin hoa CO sang CO2 va SLP dung nd qua trinh quang hgp Nhung d ning dp cao CO la loai r i t dgc Tac hai eua CO doi vdi ngudi va dgng vat xay nd hoa hgp khong thuan nghjch tra ca ban cua Trung tam Mang ludi tugng thuy van va moi trudng - Trung tam Khi tugng Thuy van Q u i c gia tCp thang nam 2002 Tram cd Kinh do: 105048' ; Vi do: 21°01'; Op cao 5.970m, nam dja ban phudng Lang Thugng - Quan Dong Oa Ha Noi b Phwang phap nghien cwu + Phuang phap tinh cac dac trung thing ke cua y l u td mdi trudng khdng SO2, CO tai tram quan Tap chi Khi tiTtfng Thuy van * Thang 6/2009 33 Nghidn cu'u & Trao d6i trie mdi trudng tu dgng Lang Nlu coi cac ylu t l SO2, CO nhu mgt qua trinh ngau nhien X(t), dd d l khao sat tinh kha bien cua nd theo thdi gian ta cln tinh cac dac trung s6 va ham tuang quan (tu tuang quan), ham clu true (ham clu true chuan hoa) Vi s l lieu quan trac va qui toan dii vdi cac yeu t l mdi trudng khdng la rdi rac, khdng lien tuc nen ta khong the SLP dung tinh egodic ma phai tiln hanh trung binh hoa theo tap hgp cac the hien, ding thdi thay t h i cac tich phan bang cac tong tuang ung sau: - Gia trj trung binh cua SO2, CO: — ^ (1) • Phuang sai cua SO2, CO: ^1 =N-\ m^t-^r ,,, (2) •Op lech chuan cCia SO2, CO CT ^ xy = (3) Hp so bien dpng cua SO2, CO: Trong dd: XJ: la cac gia trj cua cac ylu to mdi trudng khdng X quan trie dugc N: la tong s6 cac gia trj Xj T = KTI Vi cac dp quan trac cac yeu to mdi trudng khdng each gid nen Xi = gid v^ ta cd K = 1, N-1( ^ ^.——Cr-x , _^.r^ ^ ''^^ "^""^^ j '" -:-"=:i-_ i ^ M i l li 12 34 i n n ioiii2BMinii7i;i;]0 2i]3]i34 t Hinh Do thi rvad theo nam cua CO tCr nam 2004 din 2007 Odi vdi CO gia trj r dat cao nhat nam vao mua xuan nam 2004 va thip nhit nam vao mua nam 2004 Cac nam diu cd cac dudng dan xen vao khdng t h i hien rd khoang each Rieng nam 2006 dudng mua thu lai cd gia trj Idn han cac dudng khae Gia trj r tinh cho ca nam thi cho thiy nam 2006 cd gia trj cao, nim tren cac dudng khac, thip nhit la nam 2005 Gia trj d Idn nhit vao mua Odng nam 2004 la 2,1527, bin nam diu cd dudng mua Odng dat gia trj cao nhit t h i hi§n tinh kha bien Idn cua CO vao mCia Gia trj d tinh cho ca nam thi nam 2004 dat gia trj cao nhat va thip nhit vao nam 2006 Tram quan trac mdi trudng tu ddng Lang nam tren dja ban phudng Lang Thugng - Quan Oong Oa gin vdi nut giao thong Idn la Kim Ma - Nguyen Chi Thanh - Liiu Giai, phia Bac tram giap vdi qugn Ba Oinh, phia Odng giap vdi quan Hai Ba Trung va quan Hoan Kilm, phia Nam tilp giap quan Thanh Xuan va phia Tay giap quan Clu Gily Vj tri tram cho thiy trgm diu cd thi bj anh hudng bdi cac chit nhilm tu cac phia ma true tilp la nguon giao thdng vdi mgt dp Idn dien hang ngay, khdi va thai tu cac xi nghidp lan can, cac khu cdng nghidp nam a cac phia theo gid dua Igi Tram nam tren Phao Oai Lang la phd cd mgt dp tgp trung dan rit cao vdi cac hogt dpng djch vu da dang, dudng xlu va bgi, nhieu hang an udng va gia dinh cd SLP dung bip than td ong Theo kit qua tinh ndng dp trung binh theo hudng gid cua cac ylu td thi CO va bui cd ndng dp trung binh cao ro r$t theo hudng gid Bac va Tay, cac thSnh phan gid cd hudng Tay va Bac cdn 802 thi khdng bieu hi$n ro, cd the thiy v l phia Tay cua trgm nhOng nam qua da diln nhilu hogt ddng xay di/ng manh me nhu khu vyc My Oinh, Yen Hoa, Nhan Chinh Hien tugng tich luy theo thdi gian cac phuang tign giao thdng va cac ngudn thai bat diu hogt dgng, thai mang chit d nhiem se thoat tich luy din va dgt eye dgi vao thai diem nhat djnh nhu ddi vdi cac CO va SO2 nghien cuu 6" tren Vao mua ddng, nhung dgt cd gid mua Odng Bac, hien tugng nghjch nhiet buc xg v l dem cd the khiln cac chit d nhilm d thdi diem cao han ban din - lln Hien tugng cd the keo dai din sang sdm Od la nhiet dp lap khdng each mat dit vai tram met tang theo cao, khac vdi thdng thudng la nhiet dp cang len cao cang giam K§t luan va k i l n nghi a Kit luan - Odi vdi cac dudng biln trinh dem eua cac SO2, CO diu cd hai cue tieu vao luc 5-6h va 1314h; ding thdi cd hai cue dgi vao luc 7-8h va 1921 h Cac gia trj va max cija ndng SO2 va CO cd t h i giai thich hogt dgng ciJa mgt dp cac phuang tign giao thong it hogc nhieu rai v^o nhung thdi diem - Hp so bien dpng trung binh n§m cCia c^c ylu to khao sat theo cac mua deu c6 qui lu|t ro r^t: thip nhat vao mCia hg, tang dan va cd gia trj Idn nhit v^o Ddng, sau dd giam dan v l mua Thu Oieu cd the giai thich v l ca che xao trgn rdi xay Idp bien quyen: v l mua hg cudng dp x^o trgn rdi xay mgnh nhit tgo tien de cho vi$c phat tan cac chat d nhilm len cao, nen bien dp dao dgng cua dudng cong phan bo nong dp theo thai gian c6 gia trj nho keo theo hg so bien dgng nhd Nguge Igi, cudng Qp Tap chi Khi tifgfng Thuy van * Thang 6/2009 37 Nghidn citu & Trao dd'i xao trpn rdi v l miJa ddng nhd mua ddng cd thdi tilt lanh han va kit hgp vdi cac hien tugng nghjch nhiet xay kim ham su phat tan cua cae chit nhiem len cao, kit qua la dudng cong phan b l ning dp ed bien dp Idn din din he s l biln dpng tang, sau dd he s l biln ddng giam din v l mua xuan ,,x ,, , , , u- X - Neu lam tran duang cong ham tuang quan, ham elu true chuin hoa va theo ly thuyit ung vdi dogn dudng cong ham tuang quan giam dan dieu, cdn ham cau true tang den khoang max de nd dat trana thai bao hoa thi ket qua eho thay ed the danh 11 any 11 lai uau iiuc Lin iNciH J ^ _ oia duac khoanq dCrnq cua cae yeu td khao sat tdi yiauixvu m ucuy uu a y da la r = 7« Khi r > 7« thi tinh chat dCrng cua cac , yeu td khao sat bj pha vd Day cd the tinh bien trinh dem cua cac ylu t l da anh hudng rd ret NhCrng qua tinh toan cac dac trung biln din clu true kit thing , , ke eua cac ylu t l nay, cln phai dugc tilp mgt tuc sd nghien CLPU ddng cua yeu td mdi trudng khdng tLP mgt -^ 3 • '^ chudi s l lieu lien tuc nam lien doi vdi S02 va CO du chinh xac nhit djnh v l mat thing ke se gdp phin vao viec cung elp cac thdng tin b l ich eho hudng nghien CLPU danh gia, du bao cung nhu xay dung cae md hinh ndi, ngoai suy sd lieu mdi trudng khdng khi cd su co xay (khdng thu duge so ligu) 6'Ha Ngi ndi rieng va d nude ta ndi Chung b Kiin nghj ^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ,^^ ^^, ^^^^^ ^^^, ^.^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^.^^ ^^^ ^^, ^^^ , , , u-tu^ ^ - t ^duong va mo rgng he thong tram quan trac tu dgng ,.i u-.»= u t-i u - *moi truong khong de phuc VU tot cho cong tac i =r- u - u - t • j u,dieu tra ca ban, danh gia hien trang va du bao Cln cd cae nghien CLPU tilp theo SLP dung kit qua phyc vu cho viee ngi, ngogi suy chudi sd lieu theo l phue vu cho xaytrie dung cac md du tu ddng co hinh dinh thdi dgian tai cae tramviec quan bao chit lugng mdi trudng khdng cung nhu , , x,.„ x (,gj, {pg,.^ (,Q gy, jjQ |