UNIT 8 SPORT AND GAME THEORY I PRONUNCIATION Âm /e/ và âm /æ/ Âm /e/ Check /tʃek/ Scent /sent/ Met /met/ Bell /bel/ Âm /æ/ Cat /kæt/ Bag /bæg/ Bag /bæg/ Hand /hænd/ 1 Âm /e/ đây là một nguyên âm ngắn[.]
UNIT SPORT AND GAME THEORY I PRONUNCIATION Âm /e/ âm /æ/ Âm /e/ Âm /æ/ Check /tʃek/ Cat /kæt/ Scent /sent/ Bag /bæg/ Met /met/ Bag /bæg/ Âm: /e/ nguyên âm ngắn nên không kéo dài + Chữ E thường đọc /e/ Examples Transcription Meaning Check /tʃek/ kiểm tra Met /met/ gặp Neck /nek/ cổ + Chữ E đọc /i:/ đứng trước chữ e, i, a, y Examples Transcription Meaning Deceive /dɪˈsiːv/ lừa dối Free /fri:/ rảnh rỗi key /ki:/ chìa khóa Note: Ngoại trừ từ sau đây: Early /ˈɜːrli/ Earn /ɜːn/ + Chữ E đọc /ɜ:/ đứng trước chữ r Examples Transcription Meaning Her /hɜ:r/ Purchase /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/ Serve /sɜ:rv/ + Chữ E đọc /eɪ/ đứng trước ak, at, i, y Examples Transcription Meaning Convey /kənˈveɪ/ Great /greɪt/ Steak /steɪk/ + Chữ E đọc /er/ đứng trước ar Examples Transcription Meaning Swear /swer/ Tear /ter/ + Chữ E đọc /ju:/ đứng trước u, w Examples Transcription Meaning Few /fju:/ Phew /fju:/ + Chữ E đọc /u:/ đứng trước u, w Examples Transcription Meaning Chew /tʃuː/ (v) nhai Neutral /ˈnuːtrəl/ (adj) trung lập New /nuː/ (adj) Một số trường hợp đặc biệt khác: Europe = /ˈjʊrəp/ Sew = /səʊ/ Âm /æ/ “a” phát âm /æ/ trường hợp: + Trong từ có âm tiết mà tận hay nhiều phụ âm Bell /bel/ Hand /hænd/ Examples Transcription Meaning hat /hæt/ mũ sad /sæd/ buồn + Khi âm tiết nhấn mạnh chữ có nhiều âm tiết đứng trước hai phụ âm Examples Transcription Meaning candle /ˈkændl/ nến captain /ˈkæptɪn/ đại úy, thuyền trưởng Chú ý: Một số từ người Anh đọc /ɑː/, người Mỹ đọc /æ/ Examples: ask /ɑːsk/ /ỉsk/ can’t (khơng thể) /kɑːnt/ /kỉnt/ VOCABULARY New words achievement aerobics athlete breaststroke career Congratulation (n) Congratulate (v) Competition (n) Compete (v) Competitor (n) Competitive (adj) Competitiveness (n) equipment exhausted fantastic goggles individual Olympic games professional referee ring running racket score shoot Sporty Take place Tournament (n) Transcription /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ /eəˈrəʊbɪks/ /ˈæθliːt/ /ˈbreststrəʊk/ /kəˈrɪə(r)/ /kənɡrætʃuˈleɪʃn/ Meaning thành tựu môn thể dục nhịp điệu vận động viên bơi ếch nghề nghiệp, nghiệp chúc mừng /kɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ Cuộc thi đấu Cạnh tranh Đối thủ Cạnh tranh Tính cạnh tranh dụng cụ mệt lả, kiệt sức tuyệt vời kính (bảo hộ) có tính cá nhân vận hội Olympic chun nghiệp trọng tài vũ đài (thể thao) môn chạy Vợt cầu long Ghi bàn Ghi điểm Bắn, bắn súng Khỏe mạnh, dáng thể thao = happen xảy ra, tổ chức Giải đấu /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ /fænˈtæstɪk/ /ˈɡɒɡlz/ /ɪndɪˈvɪdjuəl/ /əʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz/ /prəˈfeʃənəl/ /refəˈriː/ /rɪŋ/ /ˈrʌnɪŋ/ /'rækit/ /skɔ:/ /ʃu:t/ /'spɔ:ti/ /'tuənəmənt/ GRAMMAR PAST SIMPLE FORM: (+) (-) (?) Normal Verb S + Ved S + didn’t + V-inf Did + S + V-inf? To be You, we, they + were I, he, she, it + was You, we, they + weren’t I, he, she, it + wasn’t Were + you, we, they? Was + I, he, she, it? A Cách chuyển động từ nguyên thể sang dạng khứ Động từ khứ chia làm loại: có quy tắc bất quy tắc ❖ Đối với động từ có quy tắc, chuyển sang dạng khứ, ta thêm đuôi “ed” help -> helped want -> wanted ❖ Nếu động từ kết thúc nguyên âm + y, ta thêm “ed" bình thường play -> played stay -> stayed ❖ Nếu động từ kết thúc phụ âm + y -> ta đổi y -> ied cry -> cried study -> studied ❖ Động từ tận “e” -> ta cần cộng thêm “d”: Ví dụ: type – typed/ smile – smiled/ agree – agreed ❖ Động từ có MỘT âm tiết, tận MỘT phụ âm, trước phụ âm MỘT nguyên âm -> ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối thêm “-ed” Ví dụ: stop – stopped/ shop – shopped/ tap – tapped/ ❖ Ngoại lệ số từ không áp dụng quy tắc đó: commit – committed/ travel – travelled/ prefer – preferred ❖ Đối với động từ bất quy tắc: tra dạng khứ Bảng động từ bất quy tắc B Use: - Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy kết thúc hoàn toàn khứ (Trong câu thường có trạng ngữ thời gian) Example She worked for Thang Long Company last year Now she is working for the BBC Company (Năm ngoái cô làm việc cho công ty Thăng Long Năm cô làm việc cho công ty BBC.) C Signals yesterday (hơm qua), at that moment (lúc đó), last night (tối hôm qua) last + week/ month/ year: tuần/ tháng/ năm vừa Khoảng thời gian + ago (cách ): two days ago (cách ngày), three years ago (cách năm) In + năm: in 2000 (năm 2000) Cách phát âm "-ed": Đọc /id/ tận động từ /t/, /d/ (Tình Đầu) Đọc /t/ tận động từ /ch/, /s/, /x/, /sh/, /k/, /f/, /p/ (sản – xuất – sinh – chờ – có – ka – fe – phở ) Đọc /d/ tận động từ phụ âm nguyên âm cịn lại Ví Dụ: tiếng Anh Wanted Added hoped Phát âm /id/ /id /t/ tiếng Việt muốn Thêm vào tiếng Anh ried Smiled Phát âm /d/ tiếng Việt Fixed /t/ Trường hợp ngoại lệ: Advised /d/ = khuyên Composed /d/ = soạn Laughed /t/ = cười Raised /d/ = chăn ni Naked /id/ = trần trụi Hatred /id/ = lịng căm thù Amused /d/ = vui Coughed /t/ = ho Pleased /d/ = làm ơn Supposed /d/ = cho Sacred /id/ = thần thánh Closed /d/ = đóng Escused /d/ = xin lỗi Ploughed /d/ = cày Weighed /d/ = cân nặng Wicked /id/ = độc ác BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG 1- I (be) a student years ago 2- He (be) a doctor two years ago 3- They (be) farmers last year 4- Lan and Ba (be) nurses last year 5- It (be not) cold yesterday 6- She (be not) a pupil last week 7- This hat (be not) new yesterday 8- My parents (be not) teachers two years ago 9- He (be not) a mechanic last Monday 10- (Be) he an engineer yesterday No, he (be not) 11- (Be) It hot last week? 12- The windows (be) open last Monday 13- (Be) you a teacher two years ago? Yes, I (be) 14- Where (be) Nam from yesterday? 15- Why (be) he unhappy last Tuesday? Chia động từ khứ đơn Yesterday, I (go) to the restaurant with a client We (drive) around the parking lot for 20 mins to find a parking space When we (arrive) at the restaurant, the place (be) full The waitress (ask) us if we (have) reservations I (say), "No, my secretary forgets to make them." The waitress (tell) us to come back in two hours My client and I slowly (walk) back to the car Then we (see) a small grocery store We (stop) _in the grocery store and (buy) some sandwiches 10 That (be) better than waiting for two hours Chia động từ ngoặc dạng khứ đơn I _ at home all weekend (stay) Angela to the cinema last night (go) My friends a great time in Nha Trang last year (have) My vacation in Hue wonderful (be) Last summer I _ Ngoc Son Temple in Ha Noi (visit) My parents very tired after the trip (be) I _ a lot of gifts for my little sister (buy) Lan and Mai _ sharks, dolphins and turtles at Tri Nguyen aquarium (see) Trung _ chicken and rice for dinner (eat) 10 They about their holiday in Hoi An (talk) 11 What they (play) last week? 12 What Hoa (try) on yesterday? 13 Who (talk) to about the film on TV last Monday? 14 Where they (stop) on their way back last Sunday? 15 What the student (wear) at school two years ago? 16 I (remember) your trip to Nha Trang two years ago 17 Ba (wear) the cap all day yesterday 18 I (eat) a lot of fish yesterday 19 Her aunt (take) her to see Cham Temple last year 20 Tuan (have) a new bike yesterday 21 She (not buy) a new ruler yesterday 22 He (not talk) with his parents about his vacation in Da Lat last year 23 They (not come) school yesterday? 24 The windows (not close) yesterday? 25 We (not return) at home at pm last Monday 26 She (not eat) fish and crab yesterday 27 Lan (not go) Ho Chi Minh city two years ago 28 My parents (t take) to Vung Tau last week 29 You ( have) a lot of friends in Ha Noi? 30 Lan and Hoa (be) your school two years ago? Chuyển câu sau sang câu phủ định nghi vấn Nam wrote an essay in Literature class this morning => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I watched TV yesterday morning => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Nam and you were in the English club last Tuesday => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… They ate noodles two hours ago => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… We always had a nice time on Christmas holiday in the past => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… My father decorated the Christmas tree => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… She bought a new dress yesterday => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… They were late for school => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mr.Tam took his children to the museum last Sunday => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Hoa made a cushion for her armchair => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… => ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Dùng từ gợi ý viết thành câu hồn chỉnh Q khứ đơn I/ go swimming/ yesterday => Mrs Nhung/ wash/ the dishes => my mother/ go shopping/ with/ friends/ in/ park => Lan/ cook/ chicken noodles/ dinner => Nam/ I/ study/ hard/ last weekend => my father/ play/ golf/ yesterday => last night/ Phong/listen/ music/ for two hours => they/ have/ nice/ weekend => she/ go/ supermarket yesterday => 10 We/ not go/ school last week => Chia động từ ngoặc khứ đơn She (spend) all her money last week Mum (not spend) _ any money on herself I (lend) my penknife to someone, but I can't remember who it was now John and his father (build) _ the cabin themselves last year My parents (sell) the stereo at a garage sale _You (tell) _ anyone about this yesterday? The unidentified plant (bear) _ gorgeous flowers She (tear) _ the letter to pieces and threw it in the bin He often (wear) _ glasses for reading 10 Before God He (swear) _ he was innocent 11 Yesterday Clouds (creep) _ across the horizon, just above the line of trees 12 We both (sleep) _ badly that night 13 What _you (do) last night? - I (do) my homework 14 I (love) him but no more 15 Yesterday, I (get) up at and (have) breakfast at 6.30 16 I _ at home all weekend (stay) 17 Angela to the cinema last night (go) 18 My friends a great time in Nha Trang last year (have) 19 My vacation in Hue wonderful (be) 20 Last summer I _ Ngoc Son Temple in Ha Noi (visit) 21 My parents very tired after the trip (be) 22 I _ a lot of gifts for my little sister (buy) 23 Lan and Mai _ sharks, dolphins and turtles at Tri Nguyen aquarium (see) 24 Trung _ chicken and rice for dinner (eat) 25 They about their holiday in Hoi An (talk) 26 Phuong _ to Hanoi yesterday (return) 27 We _ the food was delicious (think) PLAY – DO – GO + SPORT PLAY Ta dùng PLAY môn thể thao có tính đồng đội (team sports) có liên quan đến trái bóng (ball games) EG: play badminton play football play hockey play tennis DO Ta dùng DO môn hoạt động cá nhân (individual activities) EG: exercise ballet Judo Yoga GO Đối với hoạt động có kết thúc ING ta dùng GO go jogging go walking go ice-skating go fishing IMPERATIVE SENTENCES + Câu mệnh lệnh loại câu đưa dẫn lời khuyên, đồng thời thể mệnh lệnh, sai khiến, định hướng yêu cầu Ví dụ: Open the door, Susie Let me in, right now! (Mở cửa ra, Susie Để tơi vào đó, bây giờ!) + Câu mệnh lệnh dùng ta muốn yêu cầu làm việc đừng làm việc Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định: + Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định thành lập theo cách: — Cách 1: Verb (động từ) + object (tân ngữ) (V+ O) Ex: Open your book (hãy mở sách bạn ra.) Close your book (hãy gấp sách bạn lại) Open the door (hãy mở ra.) — Cách 2: [Verb (động từ) + preposition (Giới từ) Ex: Come in (hãy vào di.) Sit down (hãy ngồi xuống.) Stand up (hãy đứng lên.) + Dùng “please” câu mệnh lệnh làm cho câu nhẹ nhàng lịch Ex: Open the door, please (Vui lòng mở cửa ra.) Please come in (Vui lòng vào di.) Sit down, please (Vui lòng ngồi xuống.) Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định thành lập theo cách: DON’T V + O/ PREPOSITION (giới từ) Ex: Don’t open the door (Đừng mở cửa ra.) Don’t come in (Đừng vào.) Don’t go (Đừng đi.) BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG PLAY – DO – OR GO? Remember: like/ enjoy + Ving, like to/ want to/ have to + V I enjoy _tennis Many people like to _ jogging Do you want to _ bowling tonight? He wants to _ basketball this year We enjoy _ skiing together Would you like to cards with me? She likes _ dancing every evening I have to _ aerobics to keep fit A lot of people like to swimming when it’s hot 10 Where you want to baseball? 11 We always enjoy _ skating in the winter .12 I want to judo after work 13 Do many people _ soccer with you? 14 Would you like to golfing this weekend? Chuyển câu sau thành câu mệnh lệnh phủ định Turn off the light When you go out -> Be silly I will come back -> John asked me to turn off the radio -> Please tell her to leave the room -> My mother ordered me to clean my room -> Match the signs with the following commands Switch off your mobile phone! – Look at the blackboard! – Open your books! – Sign your name her – Close the door! – Don’t take photo – Don’t make a noise! – Don’t eat - Don’t smoke! - Don’t shout! – Don’t cross the road! – Don´t walk the dog! - Don`t throw garbage! – Be careful …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… ………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… ……………………………… ………………………… ………………………… ………………………………… …………………………… …………………………… ……………………… …………………… PRACTICE TEST FOR UNIT SPORT AND GAME PART A: PHONETICS I Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest A Saturday B health C candle D piano A family B map C factory D possess A plan B sad C says D bad A ready B tell C send D animal A pan B pen C heavy D said II Circle the odd out A Stadium B Yesterday C Tomorrow D Monday A left B turn C right D ahead A played B stayed C listened D weekend A him B she C they D we PART B: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I Name these sports and games.MLH Boxing marathon karate tennis cycling table tennis volleyball skiing aerobics skateboarding 10 II Use the sports or games in the list to fill in the boxesMLH badminton karate tennis aerobics skiing soccer football cycling skateboarding gymnastics yoga swimming basketball jogging boxing hiking golf judo PLAY: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… DO: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… GO: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… III Fill in each blank with the simple past tense of the verb from the box MLH play go buy teach lose score win become enjoy My friends and I swimming yesterday morning We really the game last Sunday In 1958, at the age of 17, Pelé his first World Cup The Canadian hockey team six goals against Switzerland The home team very well, but they lost the match My father me how to ride a bike I a new baseball cap last week At the age of 17, Messi the youngest official player and goal scorer in the Spanish La Liga She has a black belt in karate She first karate when she was seven 10 Argentina - to Germany in the final IV Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence My friend Mark is very good volleyball He plays volleyball very well A in B on C at D with We often go swimming Sunday morning A in B on C at D for Football is an example of a sport where you play with several other people A team B individual C indoor D dangerous We were very upset when our favourite team didn’t even one goal A play B kick C point D score Badminton requires only a net, a racket, and a birdie or A ball B ski C shuttlecock D goggles The person who makes sure that a game is played according to the rules is called a A coach B referee C judge D player up the tree! You’ll fall down A Climb B Climbing C Not to climb D Don’t climb spectator sports in Britain are cricket and football A More popular B The more popular C Most popular D The most popular are the Olympic Games held? - Every four years A When B Where C How long D How often 10 Which sport happens in a ring? A Boxing B Basketball C Aerobics D Swimming 11 I usually play football when I have A spare time B good time C no time D times 12 In team sports, the two teams against each other in order to get the better score A are B C make D compete 13 draw on the walls and tables, please A Do B Don't C Should D Shouldn't 14 Nam plays sports very often, so he looks very A sport B sports C sporty D sporting 15 I like watching football matches, but I am not very good playing football A at B in C on D for 16 Team sports are sometimes called sports A compete B competition C competitor D competitive 17 Nam's dream is to become a A loser B champion C contest D gamer 18 "I'd like to watch motor racing because it is very ." A frightening B exciting C excited D boring 19 Marathon is considered a/an sport A team B individual C indoor D sporting 20 Tam three goals for our team and made it a hat trick A scores B scored C plays D played 21 Playing sports helps me get A free B fitter C fittest D bored 22 My brother usually plays football when he has ... your father like? - He likes tennis A What sport B What’s sport C Which sports D When 28 There are two main kinds of sports: team sports and _ sport s A individual B separate C competitive... watching television or (2) _ video games But sports practices and games provide an opportunity for exercise that can help keep kids in shape and (3) _ Sports participation can help children... B: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I Name these sports and games. MLH Boxing marathon karate tennis cycling table tennis volleyball skiing aerobics skateboarding 10 II Use the sports or games in the list