Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo flp PUHQ PHCfĈ HCl pmP HO MM VI Sfll PHI t)IEH TRONG DfiO LO f>^ NH0H H0NQ CfiO TOC DO D0O LO tai cac mo than ham 16 viiiig Quang Mnh Non electrical delay blasting met[.]
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo flp PUHQ PHCfC^HCl pmP HO MM VI Sfll PHI t)IEH TRONG DfiO LO f>^ NH0H H0NQ CfiO TOC DO D0O LO tai cac mo t h a n ham 16 viiiig Quang M n h Non electrical delay blasting method has been considered as an advanced with high efficiency because of the utilization of its non electrical delay detonators and cords, overcoming the disadvantages of existing blasting methods The paper refers to the application of non electrical delay blasting method to increase driving speed in rock headings at Quang Ninh underground coal mines Oat van de N I la khau dot pha dau tien va quan trpng chu ky dao chIng 16, dac biet doi vdi loai da ran chac, dudng 16 c6 tilt dien Idn Qk tao hieu qua n l t i t e i n thoa man mpt s l y l u t l nhu hp chilu khoan no min, lugng thulc n l dan vj, dudng khang, loai dot pha phii hgp vdi cong nang cua thulc no, loai phuang tien n l , kip n l N l phi dien dugc coi la phuang phap n l cd hieu qua cao sir dyng kip vi sai phi dien, day no phi dien la nhCrng phuang tien n l tien tiin hien nay, tgo nhu'ng dot pha cong nghe n l va khic phuc dugc eae nhuge dilm cua n l dien, g6p phin nang eao t i e dp dao Id Vien Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Md - Vinacomin min, lam tang hieu qua pha va da Tin hieu n l dugc truyin Ing nhua d i n kip vi sai phi dien D6 la mpt I n g nhua c6 c i u tgo hai lap, phia dugc phu mpt Idp bpt hoat tinh, Khi dugc kich no, Idp bpt hoat tinh ben se dugc chuyin hoa r i t nhanh, lan truyin vdi t i c dp 2000 m/giay truyen tin hieu d i n kip n l Kip n l kh6ng sir dung kich n l bang d6ng dien C i u tao ciia d i u n l tao thdi gian gian each vi sai Khi khdi nd, song tin hieu n l dugc truyin tir 16 khdi n l va theo thir tu se truyin d i n t i t ca cac 16 min, S u lan truyin s6ng theo hudng djnh s i n da tao nen su va dap qua lai giua cac 16 min, hang va da lam tang hieu qua dap vd da Trong n l h i m Id, dudng 16 nhu mpt cai I n g kin khong mat thoang, sir dung kip vi sai nen cac 16 no trudc tao them mat thoang, vi t h i tang he s l sir dyng 16 Kip no vi sai dien Hinh Cau tao kip vi sai phi dien Day truyen tin hi^u ,Kip V] ssi phi dign / Cac phicang tien nd phi dien Dac dilm n l i bat cua cong nghe n l la sir dyng kip no phi dipn cd thdi gian gian each khac nhau, tgo nen thdi dilm n l khac giira cac 16 min, hang TS LE VAN CONG TS PHAM MINH DLTC Hinh Day no, kip vi sai phi dien vi mdc chii' J KHCNM s o 3/2011* CNKT HAM LO phi c i u tao kfp vi sai phi dien (hinh 1) bao g i m cae bo phan chinh sau: + Kip vi sai g I m mpt lugng thulc n l nh6m I (thudng diing azit chi), bp phan t r i n l chi va bp phan ngan each ban dan dat bat bang nhdm hoac kem nham myc dich an toan eao, c6 tac dung ngan bit k l mpt lugng tmh dipn nao c6 t h i phat sinh tren I n g tin hieu Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o ^ + Moc chu' J, CO tac dung de n l i he thing day truyin tin hieu n l vdi day n l m u l n k i t hgp hai he thing khdi n l vdi Moc gia cdng bing nhua c6 mau khac bilu thi mire dp n l cham d i n mini giay + The mau, tren d6 cd ghi s l vi sai va thdi gian vi sai danh dinh + Day truyin tin hieu Mpt dau cita I n g d i n tin hieu dugc kep chat vao kip no nhd mpt niit kin Trong kip n l c6 mpt Ing ban d i n d l truyin cac dien tich tich tu I n g than cua kip n l ma khong gay tia lira dien D i u dugc bjt kin tai xudng de tranh hoi i m tham nhap vao va gan vdi mdc J, the ghi thdi gian vi sai Day truyin tin hieu cd c i u tao la mpt Ing nhua, mat cua Ing dugc phu mpt Idp bpt chit nl Trimetrilen (3H6N3(N03)3) vdi mat dp trang 17 mg/m (01 kg thulc n l Trimetrilen trang dugc 42 km Ing) Khi dugc kich n l bang kip no hoac day n l , Idp bpt chit n l ben se b l e chay rat nhanh tao mpt tuyln lira I n dinh truyin lan vdi toe dp khoang 2000 m/giay d i n d i u bp phan chay cham kip n l va d i t chay no Day no Day n l la phuo'ng tien d l tri song kich n l tir vi tri den vi tri khac d l kich n l d i i tugng c i n n l k l tilp Day n l CO kha nang dam bao kich n l t i t t i t ca cac loai thulc n l manh (mli n l TNM-15H, VE05, M N - , AD 1, P 113, EE 31, PM 3151, v,v ) va day truyin n l Cau tao cua day no Loi cua day n l dugc e h l tao tir thuoc n l Ten (Tetraetyl Nitrat C5H8(ON02)4) hoac (Petn) hoac Tetrin (CH2(N02)3NCH9N02) vdi sgi ehl d i n hudng Chi d i n hudng nham phan b l d i n g d i u thulc Ten theo toan bp chilu dai cua day n l Bao boc ben ngoai loi thulc la eae sgi lanh, sgi vai c6 tac dung tao dp b i n ehju va dgp, ehju keo cho day n l D I nang eao dp I n djnh vdi nude, cac Idp ngoai dugc phii bang sap, d Idp ngoai ciing cua day no ehju nude dugc phu mpt lap vd Policlovinin Theo cong suit, day no dugc chia lam loai: + Day n l eo cong suit nho: lugng loi thulc Ten tren met dai day tir 2, 3, 6g + Day n l c6 cong s u i t trung binh: lugng thuoc n l Ten tren met dai day tir 10g-20g,^ + Day no co cong suit cao: luo'ng thulc n l Ten tren met dai day tir 10g-20g, Day nc-co cac thong s l ca ban sau: - Dudng kinh ben ngoai day n l : 4,8mm - 6,2mm - T i c dp n l ; 6500m/giay 7200 m/giay - Kha nang ehju nude: 12 gid - Kha nang chiu nhiet; (-28°C^+50°C):2gid^6gid U'u diem cua day no Day n l d l sir dijng va thao tac, chiing dugc nli vdi kip bang cac m6c chu" J (hinh 2) Day n l khd bj kich n l bdi va cham, ma sat hay tac dpng ca hpc khac, khdng bi anh hudng bdi ddng dien ben ngoai hay tTnh dien Day no dugc kich n l bang hai kip n l dien hoac phi dien Cac kip dugc ghep chat vao day n l bang bang dinh hoac day bupc chac c h i n Mpt s l loai day n l dugc gidi thieu tai bang Bang Dac tinh ky thuat cua mdt s6 loai day no Australia Day ehju nuac Cordtex Duang kinh day, mm 6,1 3,9 Australia Australia Trung QuIc Viet Nam Viet Nam Viet Nam My Cordtex IDL chiu nuac Chiu nude g/m lOg/m 12 g/m Riooord 4,65 4,65 5,4 4,0 5,8 6,2 3,82 Loai day, nirac sin Nga xuit KHCNM SO 3/2011* CNKT HAM LO Loi thuoc X no Toe no m/giay Khi nang chiu nuac, h Kha nang ehju nhiet, "C ' Pent 14g/m 7000 12h/sau2m -18°C+-65°C Pent3,6g/m 6500 24h/sau 2m -42°C^ +50°C Pent lOg/m Pent lOg/m Pent 12g/m Ten 5g/m Ten lOg/m Ten 12g/m Pen 6g/m 6500 6800 6500 7000 7000 7000 7000 24h/sau 2m 24h/sau 2m -42°C+ +50°C -42°C+ +50°C 12h/sau2m -42°C^ +50°C 12h/sau2m 12h/sau2m -28°C+ -28°C-^ -28°C^ -35°C+ 12h/sau 2m 12h/sau 2m +50°C +50°C +50°C +60°C Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo SO? dung kip dao Id 3.1 SLP dung kip dien vi sai N I mm bing kip dien vi sai la tiin bp ky thuat no pha da va n l tao bien So sanh n l bang kip dien vi sai vdi n l bang kip dien tire thdi cho thiy, hieu qua giCra hai phuang phap n l r i t khac Hipu qua no h i m Id khdng nhu'ng phy thuoc vao eae yeu t l ca ban nhu dp kien eo d i t da, mire phan Idp, mire dp nirt ne, mire dp sung nude ciia da v.v ma edn phy thuoc vao so lugng mat thoang n l Kip dien vi sai cd t h i tao dugc cae mat thoang thir t y nd, chenh bing miligiay ma kip dien tire thdi khdng cd dugc eae l i n n l khdng deu (da qua cd nhieu) vao da i m v.v - Lugng da ed kich thude Idn han kich thude yeu c i u ciia phuang tien van tai (chu yeu la van tai b i n g bang tai) nhilu, anh hudng den tuli thp cua bang tai va gay cac s y e l dirt bang, hdng eon lan v.v kip khdng t i t - He s l sii' dyng Id khoan khdng d i n g d i u , chi dgt 75%80% (ddi t h i p han) chieu sau Id min, - He so thira tilt dien cao >10% - Da sau nd vang xa, xiic, may xiie phai danh lugng thdi gian d l gom da, nen he so day g i u xuc, g i u keo khdng eao, hay bj hien tugng xd, dgt vi chIng n l u khoan sau b i n nang Mae dii vay, qua trinh n l thi edng dao Id tai cac md than h i m Id Viet Nam SU' dung kip dipn vi sai van t i n tai nhirng nhuge diem: - Hipn tugng bd lo, sdt lo, phai xije ly cam thudng xuyen xay dudng Id dot nude, am, mgng day ehgm - Kich thude ed hat da sau - C h i t lugng 3.2 SCF dung kip vi sai phi dien Trong cac thang 11 va 12 nam 2009, tai md than Quang Hanh, Cdng ty Xay dung md ham Id 1-Vinacomin k i t hgp vdi Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghp Md - Vinacomin sir dung kip n l vi sai phi dipn d l n l thi edng gilng nghieng s l va s l Gilng cd tilt dien 21,•5m^, dao tap da eat kit, bpt k i t , set k i t e6 dp kien e l lin lugt tir 4^6 va 6^8 theo Protodiaeonov Gilng nghieng cd dp doc l i n lugt la 12° va 24°, b l e xiie da bang may cao da, van chuyin bing godng 3m^, d d tai bing quang Igt Trinh ty thi cong Qua trinh thi cong dao 16 da sir dyng kip n l vi sai phi dien dwac thuc hien theo trinh Bing Chi tieu ca ly dit di tai girang Id ip dung kip vi sai phi dien Loai nham thach Do ben nen a„ (kG/cm') Dg ben keo (kG/cm^) Goc ma sit ip (do) Cupi, san k i t 809,03 125,79 34,5 Dung trgng (g/cm') 2,57 Cat ket 730,41 87,11 34,1 Bpt kit Set kit 441,15 51,01 33,2 249,76 27,62 32,9 Ty trgng (g/cm') Luc dinh ' kit (kG/cm^) Do ^ kien co f 2,66 269 2,58 2,68 144,86 6-8 2,66 2,73 154,12 4-6 2,65 2,71 89,15 2-4 8-10 Bang Cic yeu to ca bin cua cap gieng nghieng TT Ndi dung Tri so Dan Dien tich dao m^ Gieng chinh 21,5 Gieng phu 21,5 Dien tfch dao ke ca ranh nude m^ 21,6 21,6 Dien tfch su' dung, vi thep CBn-27 trudc lun r„2 19,6 19,6 Dipn tich sir dijng, vi thep CBn-27 sau lun 19,3 19,3 Chu vi dudng 16 khong tinh nen m 12,3 12,3 Budc chIng m/v 0,7 0,7 KHCNM s o 3/2011* CNKT HAM LO m m Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o Bang Cac chi tieu khoan no cua cic cap gieng nghieng Quang Hanh Gieng Do-n vj Gieng TT Chi tieu khoan nd chinh phu f He s l dp kien c6 cua da 4^6 6-^8 v,2 21,5 21,5 Dien tich tilt dien dao m 2,2 2,2 m CtSieu sau 16 t i i n dp chu ky m 1,9 1,9 16 67 85 S6 lugng 16 khoan/chu ky So \d khoan khong nap thuoc 16 86 lugng met khoan / chu ky m 150,47 190,15 He so su'dijng 16 0,85 0,85 Tl Lugng thuoc no dan vj thuc 1,4 kg/m^ 2,35 tl 10 Lugng thulc no / chu i dung dien (phi dien) Khong e i n phai c6 kiln thire v l mang dien va khdng KHCNM s o 3/2011* CNKT HAM LO c i n thiet phai dao tao ve nhirng v i n d l lien quan d i n sy nguy hilm ciia ddng dien lac, cham dit, chit lugng k i t n l i he thing dien kem hoac eae k i l u loai mach dien (nlu kich n l bing hat nl), Khong sg cham dien, mat dien nen eae guang 16 du bj i m , nude dot v i n d i u n l i tit * Kha nang day lo kich no tir Viec kich n l vi sai dudi Id chinh xac chi ed t h i dat dugc n l u he thing kich n l khdng lam thiing bua hoac cpt thulc n l Vdi he thing kich no phi dien ed t h i thyc hien dugc viec kich n l da vi sai tir day 16 khoan * Khong gian vi sai han che th&i Khi vi sai dudi 16 dugc k i t hgp vdi vi sai tren b l mat, bang phuang phap d i u noi dan gian cd t h i d i u n l i mang n l ed s l lugng khong gidi han cac s l vi sai lien tilp Thdi gian vi sai se dugc nha san x u i t dap irng theo nhu c i u eua khach hang Kich n l b i n g may n l thong thudng v i n dam bao c h i t lugng kich n l Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo * Giam thieu hien dirt day twgng Van d l dirt day 16 qua trinh van dpng cua d i t da h i u nhu eo t h i dugc loai trir, cac kip n l vi sai nhan dugc tin hieu kich n l trudc cpt thuoc phat n l kha lau Day n l dugc gia cong tir vat lieu dai, kho dirt, dugc e h l tao dang I n g , c6 dp b i n chIng va dap, chIng dirt va ehIng i m * Kiem tra mang no Moc chu J la bp phan ed t h i nhin thiy r i t ro, do viec kilm tra bing m i t toan bp bai n l sau dugc d i u noi r i t dan gian, Trong mpt s l trudng hgp, mpt nhu'ng v i n d l dugc coi la nhuge d i l m eua cac san phim kip vi sai phi dien dd la khong t h i kilm tra tir xa su lien tue cua mang n l (gilng nhu d i i vdi mgng n l sir dung cae phuang tien kich no dien) Tuy nhien, ca nhCrng he thing c6 kha nang kilm tra tir xa cung khong du chinh xac d l phat hien 16 c6 t h i da bi bd quen d ben ngoai mang n l Vi t h i , d i i vdi^ t i t ea cae phuang phap n l min, qua trinh kilm tra lin culi luon phai dugc thuc hien bang m i t d i i vdi t i t ca cac 16 min, d i i vdi t i t ca cac phuang phap n l * Nang cao toe dao Id a) Cai thien tot he so sCr dung Id Phuang tien n l , kip n l vi sai phi dien la mpt t h i thing nhit cong nghe no phi dien Su truyin song d i n kip d l kich n l he thing I n g d i n n l dam bao t i t ca cac 16 dugc kich hoat Do t i t ca cac 16 d i u dugc kich hoat d l n l nen khong ed hien tugng "Idi" than Quang Hanh va Nha t h i u (C6ng ty Xay dung mo H i m 16 1),_kich thude cac cue da Idn nhit n l khong vugt qua 400mm, He s l sir dung 16 dugc bilu thj bang s l met 16 dao dugc thang chia cho s l chu ky dugc thuc hien Thuang s l cang g i n bing thi he s l sir dung 16 cang eao, Theo nhat ky thi cong cua Ph6ng Cong nghe Xay dung Cong trinh n g i m va Md (Vien Khoa hpc Cong nghe Md - Vinacomin) thi t i t ca eae 16 d i u dugc kich n l , suit thdi gian thir nghiem kh6ng e6 hien tugng bd 16, cam, he s l sir dung trung binh dat tdi 0,90% + 0,95% Ngay sau n l , eae cue da gpi la kich thude Idn dugc gom lai ^ va xac djnh khii lugng t h i tich T h i tich khii da "to" chia cho t h i tich khoi da n l , ta e6 s l % da "qua cd" T i e dp dao gilng nghieng -^ da dat 50m/thang 64,5m/thang, cai thien dang k l so vdi t i c dp thi cong trudc d6 (40m/thang-^45m/thang), n6i len tinh uu viet eua n l bing kip vi sai phi dien Song, uu dilm Idn nhit la cong tac n l dan gian, an toan, khong phai xir ly cam, d i t da no khong c6 loai qua ed, d i n g da khong vang xa v.v b)Cai thien kich thuxrc c& hat da sau no Kich thude cue da to hay nho, qua ed hay khdng qua ed, phu thupe vao thilt bi van tai va thilt bj b i c xiie, Thi du, van chuyin bang bang tai, chilu rpng bang tai 900mm, thi cae cue da dua vao bang tai khong dugc Idn han 350mm N l u cae cue da eo kich thude (dai x rpng x cao) > 350mm se anh hudng d i n bang tai hay thilt bi b l e xiie Theo yeu c i u cua Cong ty KHCNM SO 3/2011* CNKT HAM LO K i t qua mpt vai chu ky n l dugc thing ke nhu sau: - He s l sir dung 16 dat 90% - 95%; - Khdng e6 hien tuang bo 16; - Kich thude cd