124 T6ng quan \k tai nguyen DSu ivhi ciia Viet Nam X •% • / v 5 TONG QUAN VE TAI NGUYEN DAU KHI CUA VIET NAM Nguyen Van Dac, Phan Giang Long, Hoang The Diing Tdng Cdng ty Ddu khi Viet Nam TOM TAT Sau[.]
124 T6ng quan \k tai nguyen DSu ivhi ciia Viet Nam X •% • /v T O N G Q U A N VE TAI N G U Y E N DAU KHI CUA VIET N A M Nguyen Van Dac, Phan Giang Long, Hoang The Diing Tdng Cdng ty Ddu Viet Nam TOM TAT Sau 30 ndm xdy dirng vd phdt trien, Tdng cdng ty Ddu Viet Nam da cd nhirng bu&c tien vugt bgc, nhdt la tir Lugt Ddu tu nu&c ngodi tgi Viet Nam dugc ban hdnh, da thu hilt dugc hdng chuc cdng ty ddu thi gi&i ddu tu vdo thdm dd ddu v&i sd vdn ddu tu cho thdm dd khai thac tren ty USD, phdt hien nhieu md ddu m&i, sdn lugng khai thac ddu tdng nhanh, dam bdo an ninh ndng lugng qudc gia, gdp phdn dua ddt nu&c khdi khung hodng kinh te cudi thdp nien 80 cua the ky 20 vd dua Viet Nam vdo danh sdch cdc nu&c xudt khdu ddu tren the gi&i Trd: lugng vd tiem ndng ddu cdc be trdm tich De tam ciia Viet Nam du bdo Id ddng ke (khodng 4300 trieu tdn quy ddu) chii yeu Id (tren 50%) vd phdn bd chu yeu (>90%) & them luc dia Ddu da phdt hien vdo khodng 1208.89 trieu tdn quy ddu, dd phdt trien dua vdo khai thac 11 md ddu, Dd chinh Id tdi sdn cd gid tri vd Id ca s&xdy dung dinh hu&ng chien luge phdt trien Ngdnh Ddu den ndm 2025 nhdm qudn ly vd khai thac an todn, hieu qud hon ngudn tdi nguyen ndy de phdt trien nen kinh te qudc ddn Ddm bdo gia tdng trir lugng, tri khai thac dn dinh lau ddi nhdm miic tieu an ninh ndng lugng cho phdt trien kinh te ciia ddt nu&c ludn la thdch thirc l&n ddi v&i Ngdnh Ddu Viet Nam B&i vdy, th&i gian t&i cung v&i viec tiep tuc m& rdng hgp tdc qudc te vd thu hiit ddu tu nu&c ngodi, PetroVietnam cdn phdi phdt huy ndi luc de day mgnh vd m& rdng thdm dd ddu & cdc viing cdn chua dugc thdm dd Mat khdc, cdn phdi hgp v&i cdc nhd thdu nghien ciru dp dung cdc gidi phdp cdng nghe m&i de tdng khd ndng thu hdi ddu tgi cdc md dang khai thde Dieu ndy cd y nghia kinh te rdt l&n tuong lai md cdc md ddu khai thac ngdy cdng egn kiet vd viec phdt hien cdc md nhd & them luc dia vd vimg ddc quyen kinh ti Viet Nam ngdy cdng tr& nen phd bien THANH CONG TRONG TIM KIEM THAM DO Cong tac tim kiem tham dau o Viet Nam dugc bat dau tu dau nhiing nam 1960, nhung hoat dgng tim kiem tham chi thyc sy dugc trien khai manh me va soi dgng tu Luat Dau tu nuoc ngoai o Viet Nam dugc ban hanh (29-12-1987) Tru cae hgp dong nhugng dia dugc ky truoc nam 1975, hgp dong PSC dau tien dugc ky vao nam 1978 cho din (31-12-2004) da eo tren 50 hgp ding dki (JV, PSC, BCC, JOC) duge ky, chu yeu la cac hgp dong a vung them lye dia den 200m nuoc, chi co hgp dong dat lien va hgp dong vung nuoc sau Hien eo 27 hgp dong dang hoat dgng gom 15 hgp dong giai doan tham do, 12 hgp dong dang phat trien va khai thac Tuyen tap bao cao Hoi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau Viet Nam: Co hoi mdi, thach thiic moi" 125 Ket qua eong tac tim kiem tham thoi gian qua da xac dinh dugc cac be tram tich De tam co trien vgng dau khi: Song Hong, Phii Khanh, Cuu Long Nam Con Son, Malay - Tho Chu, Tu Chinh - Vung May, nhom be Truong Sa va Hoang Sa eae be: Cuu Long, Nam Con Son, Malay - Tho Chu va Song Hong gom ca dat lien (mien vong Ha Noi) da phat hien va dang khai thac dau (Hinh 1) 102° E 1!40E 22° N -220N 20° N 20° N 18° N 18° N I60N - 16° N 14" N - - 14° N I20N - I20N 10° N - 10° N 80N- - 80N 60N-; 60N 250 Hinh 1: Sff phan bo cac mo dau Viet Nam Tdng quan \e tai nguyen DSu ciia VietJNam^ 126 Tuy nhien, dae dilm hinh va phat trien rieng cua timg be tram tieh nen chiing CO dac dilm c4u tnic, dia tang tram tich ciing nhu cac dieu kien ve he thong dau khae nhau, vay tilm nang dhu eiia moi be co khae voi cac dac trung chinh ve dau da phat hien ciia cae be nhu sau: • Be Cu'u Long Chii ylu phat hien d^u, co mo dang khai thac (Bach Ho, Rong, Rang Dong, H6ng Ngge, Su Tu Den) va nhilu mo khae (Su Tu Vang, Su Tu TrSng, v.v.) dang chuan bi phat trien Day la be chiia dau ehii yeu o them lyc dia Viet Nam • Be Nam Con Son Phat hien ca dhu va (ty le phat hien khi, - condensat eao hon) co mo dang khai thac la mo dau Dai Hung va mo Lan Tay - Lan Do, ngoai mgt so mo dang phat trien (Rong Doi - Rong Doi Tay, Hai Thach, v.v.) • Be song Hong Chu yeu phat hien khi, mo Tien Hai "C" a dong bang Song Hong (mien vong Ha Ngi^ dang duge khai thac • Bl Malay - Th6 Chu Phat hien ca dau va cac mo dau - khi: Bunga Kekwa - Cai Nuoc, Bunga Raya, Bunga Seroja viing chong lan giiia Viet Nam va Malayxia dang duge khai thac Nhin chung, cac phat hien dau thuang mai o them lyc dia va dat lien Viet Nam cho den thuang la cac mo nhieu tang ehiia dau, cac dang play c6 tuoi khae nhau: mong nut ne truoc De tam (play 1), cat ket Oligocen (play 2), cat ket Miocen (play 3), carbonat Miocen (play 4) va da phun trao (play 5), play mong phong hoa mit ne truoc De tam la doi tugng chiia dau chu yeu o be Cuu Long vai cac mo khong 16 Tuy thuge vao dac diem tao cae Play lai dugc chia cac play phy (Bang 1) Bang L Phan chia Play cac be tram tich De tam Viet Nam Be Play ^^~^ Pliocen 3d Miocen 3d tren 3c Mien vong HdNpi Song Hdng 3b Miocen dudi 3a Cuu Long Nam Cdn scm Tu Chinh Vung Mdy Turbidites • Turbidites Cacbonat, Cacbonat Hal vun Hat vun Hat vun Trdm tick Cacbonat/ Hat vun Hat vun Trdm tich chdu tho, 2c biin nong TT chdu thS, 2b Trdm tich hat vun ddm hd Trdm tich Mdng truorc Kainozoi 2alS Malay Thochu Hat vun 2d Oligocen Nhdm be T.Sa, H.Sa Turbidites Miocen giUa PhU Khdnh chdu tho Phun trdo Mong (granit, granodiorit ) phong hod ndt ne, cacbonat hang hoc Play chua duac xdc minh Play da duac xdc minh 126.tif Hat vun Hat vun Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam DSu Viet Nam: Co hdi mdi, thach thtic mdi" 127 T6ng quan trii lugng va tilm nang dhu Viet Nam dugc neu day dya tren co so kit qua cac bao cao tinh trii lugng cae mo, cac phat hien dau hang nam ciia cac nha thhu va cac don vi tham khai thac dau ciia PetroVietnam eiing nhu ket qua ciia de an ting thi nam 1996 "Vietnam Gas Master Plan" (5) va dl an VITRA nam 1997 (4) dugc cap nhat den 31-12-2004 He thong phan cap trii lugng hien tai dang ap dyng o Viet Nam theo he thong Cac nha thau dau (hgp dong PSC, BCC, JOC) ap dyng he thong phan cap ciia SPE, XNLD Vietsovpetro van tiep tyc ap dyng he thong phan cap eiia Nga dugc siia doi ban hanh nam 2001 He thong phan cap trii lugng mai cua Nganh Dau Viet Nam dugc bien soan tuong ty theo he thong phan cap ciia SPE, CCOP dy kien se hoan thien ban hanh nam 2005 Con so trii lugng thong ke de an VITRA da tinh toi cac yeu to cua he thong phan cap moi cua PetroVietnam cho hau het cac mo (tru cac mo Bach Ho, Rong thuge XNLD Vietsovpetro) Con so trQ lugng dau tinh den 3112-2004 phan anh cap trir lugng thuong mai cua cac mo da phat trien dang khai thac va cac phat hien dang duge danh gia (ky thuat - thuong mai) co trien vgng thuong mai Do chinh la tai san co gia tri ma Nganh Dau Viet Nam can phai quan ly va dam bao khai thac an toan, co hieu qua de gop phan phat trien nen kinh te quoc dan Tinh den 31-12-2004 da co tren 70 phat hien dau khi, nhien chi eo 51 phat hien dugc dua vao danh gia thong ke trir lugng, co 24 phat hien dau chu yeu a be Ciiu Long, 27 phat hien (ke ea phat hien - dau) phan bo o cac be: Nam Con Son, Malay Tho Chu, Cuu Long va Song Hong (Hinh 2a, 2b) Trii lugng phat hien ehu yeu viing lanh hai va them lyc dia den 200m nuac, chi c6 phat hien a dat lien (MVHN) Trii lugng dau phat hien gia tang hang nam va tinh cho giai doan 1982 - 2004 duge minh hoa o Hinh 2c, 2d 25 500 450 a 400 ' ^ 350 g»300 '''250 > O o o O N O - ^ ( N ' ^ u n v o i ^ o o o — i ( N m n O ^ O ^ O ^ a ^ O ^ O ^ O ^ O ^ O ^ O ^ O ^ O ^ O O O O O l D £ u HKhi Hinh 2c Trii' luffng dau phat hien gia tang hang nam E5 1982 1992 2002 2004 @Ddu BKhi Hinh 2d Tru luong dau giai doan 1982 - 2004 Hoat dgng tham c6 buoc dot bien va phat trien lien tyc tir Luat Dau tu nuoc ngoai o Viet Nam duge ban hanh va nhat la tir Nha nuoc ban hanh Luat D§u nam 1993 Muc hoat dgng tham phy thuge vao chu ky tham ciia cac hgp ddng d^u va gia dau bien doi tren thi truang thi giai lien quan chat tre vai thi truang dhu OPEC So gieng khoan tham eao nhat vao cac nam 1994 - 1996 la 28 - 32 giing, trung binh giai doan 1991 den la 15 gilng/nam Trong thoi gian tir 1997 - 1999 khiing hoang kinh te khu vyc Dong Nam A va gia dhu giam manh xuing din MUSD/thiing vao thang 8/1998 phan Ion cac khu vyc tren thi gioi bao gIm ca chau A - Thai Binh Duong da anh huong khong nho den cong tac tham nen s6 giing tham nhung nam chi - gieng/nam Tir nam 2000, gia dhu thi giai tang len tren 20USD/thung, nhip khoan tham lai duge tang len va dat 20 giing tham nam 2004 Din co tren 320 gieng phat trien, trung binh 17 gilng/nam (Hinh 3) D§u tu cho eong tae TKTD giai doan 1988 - 2000 a bl Nam Con Son la Ion nhk, ihhp nhk la bl Malay Thi Chu (Hinh 4) 29 Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam D5u Viet Nam: Co hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 90.00 80.00 Lnnlnll 70.00 00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 '^ ^ "^ '^ c5 c ^^r r ^~r~r ^ [~-r-~c«ooooooooooooooooooo^o^o^a^2^2>g^g^g^g^pQQQ« O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^a10%) khoan tham dugc thye hien chu yeu truoc nam 1980 tren co so tai lieu dia chan 2D duge thu no, xir ly theo eong nghe cu He so cong cac gieng tham a be Song Hong, Nam Con Son tuong img la 32% va 36% O be Cim Long, Malay - Tho Chu, nho ap dung cong nghe thu no, xir ly va minh giai tai lieu dia chan 3D moi (PSDM, AVO, AI hoae EI, v.v ) nen he so cong rat cao, tuong iing la 59%) va 80%) Dac biet, sy kien phat hien dau mong truoc De tam a mo Bach Ho da mo quan diem moi tham giup cho nhieu cong ty dau dieu hanh cac hgp dong dau khoan tham cong phat hien nhieu mo dau moi o be Cim Long, Cong ty JVPC va Cim Long JOC da phat hien mo dau Ion (Rang Dong va Su Tir Den) tren cac cau tao ma truoc day (1978 - 1980) cong ty DEMINEX da khoan tham nhung khong phat hien dau nen cham dirt hgp dong, hoan tra dien tich Ciing dien tich gan voi mo Su Tir Den, Cong ty Cim Long JOC phat hien mo dau Ion la Su Tir Vang va Su Tir Trang Ty le cong khoan tham timg play thay doi tir 31%o - 42%o, cu the nhu sau: mong phong hoa nirt ne truoc De tam 34%o, Oligocen 32%, Miocen 31%o, carbonat Miocen 37% va Miocen tren - Pliocen 130 Tong quan v^ tai nguyen D2u ctia Viet Nam 42% Gia phat hien dau phy thuge vao ty le cong ciia cac gieng tham va quy mo trii lugng cua cac phat hien timg giai doan Gia tham cao nhat dat lien thuge MVHN noi co cau tnic dia chat rat phiic tap va dieu kien thi cong dia chan rat kho khan, thap nhat a be Cim Long la 0,53USD/thung dau quy doi (Hinh 5) 5i de e •a ^ t M"VHN S6ng H6ng Nam C6n Son MLTh6 Chu Cim Long Hinh 5: Gifi thfinh tham (theo VPI) TAI NGUYEN DAU KHI CUA VIET NAM Hien trang nguon tai nguyen dau Ket qua tinh trir lugng va tiem nang dau da phat hien cua cac bl tvhm tich De tam Viet Nam theo mirc tham tinh din 31-12-2004 dugc trinh bay Hinh Tdng trii lugng va tiem nang dhu co kha nang thu hdi ciia cac bl tr§m tich De tam cua Viet Nam khoang 4300 trieu tan dhu quy dii (Hinh 7, 8), da phat hien la 1208.89 trieu thn, chiem khoang 28%o tong tai nguyen d^u Viet Nam, trtr lugng dhu co kha nang thuong mai la 814,7 trieu ihn dhu quy dii, x4p xi 67%) tai nguyen dhu da phat hien Trir lugng da phat hien tinh cho cac mo dhu gdm trir lugng voi he s6 thu hii d^u CO ban (khai thac bang nang lugng ty nhien) va trir lugng thu hii b l sung ap dung cac bien phap gia tang thu hoi (bom ep nuoc) dugc tinh cho cac mo da tuyen b6 thuang mai, phat trien va dang khai thae duge phan b l nhu sau: trir lugng d^u va condensat khoang 420 trieu thn (khoang 18 trieu xhn condesat), 394,7 ty m^ trir lugng ding hanh 69,9 ty m\ khong ding hanh 324,8 ty m l Trii: lugng dhu da khai thae 169,94 trieu t^n, ding hanh va khong ding hanh da khai thae khoang 36,89 ty m^ lugng dua vao bo sir dung chi dat 18,67 ty m^ (51%)), s6 lai dugc diing tai mo va dot bo de bao ve moi trudng Hien (din 31-12-2004) trir lugng cdn lai 250,06 trieu thn dhu va 357,81 ty m^ D M p ^^ hoach 209.33 (-17%) QDang (Unh gi£ 106.84 ( - ^ ) ri.— 4b ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H Dang khai i h ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H ^^^^^^^B ^ DKhdng thuong m^i 246.5 (-20%) 394.1 ) DQiLca dinh giii 147.69 (12'ifc) - O o a k t laj thie 205.9 (-17*) Hinh Trir lirong v^ tiem nSng dau theo mirc d9 thfim d6 Tuyen tap bao cao Hoi nghj KHCN "30 nSm Dau Viet Nam: Co' hoi moi, thach thiic moi" 131 1200.00 1000.00 iOO.OO O"' 500.00 tan s ô)0.00 ãc iOO.OO 0.00 S6ngH6ng Phii Khanh I Da khai thde CCru Long • Dang khai thde I Khdng thucfng mai (3 Chua ddnh gid \CSip& NamC6n Son ML-Th6 Chu Tu Chinh D Lap k^ hoach D Dang ddnh gid • CSip • Ca^p HCdpQ Hinh Phan bo cap tru- lirgng v^ tiem ndng (theo mirc dg thdm do) theo be 1800.00 1600.00 1400.00 •a IT 1200.00 1000.00 800.00 600.00 400.00 200.00 0.00 Play Play Play Play 4&5 i Da khai thde BC^p 1-5 D OCp 6-7 D Q(p 8-9 Hinh Phan bo cap trfr lu-ong va tiem nang (theo mirc tham do) theo play Tru- lu-oTig dau Viet Nam khung canh dau khu virc Viet Nam la quIc gia co tilm nang dhu Cac mo dhu da dugc phat hien o MVHN (ding bang Song H6ng), a bl Nam Con Son va Cim Long thuge thim luc dia Nam Vi?t Nam tir nam 1975, nhung vai trir lugng khong dang kl nen truoc nam 1990, tru lugng dau cua Viet Nam chua dugc thing ke khu virc va thi gioi Chi sau phat hien va khai thac dhu tir mong nut ne truoc De tam cua mo Bach Hd a bl Cim Long, trtr lugng dau cua Viet Nam moi dugc dua vao thing ke dau tien vao nam 1990 Sau phat hien mo Lan Tay - Lan Do a bl Nam Con Son, tru lugng ciia Viet Nam moi duoc dua vao bang thing ke ciia thi gioi tir nam 1992 Theo thing ke ciia BP (BP 2004 Statistical Review of World Energy) trir lugng dhu thi gioi vin giir dugc mire tang truang .32 Tong quan ve tai nguyen Dau ciia Viet Nam SO voi nam 1992 va dat 1147.8 ty thimg cuoi nam 2003 chu yeu tap trung khu \uc Trung Dong (63%o) dieu cho thay tam quan trgng ciia cac nuoc khu vuc doi voi viec cung cap dau tren the gioi Trong a khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong tir nam 1992 - 31-12-2003 trir lugng dau tang khoang ty thiing tir 44.6 ty thiing len 47,7 ty thiing chi chiem khoang 4%o trii lugng dau the gioi Mac dii trir lugng dau ciia Viet Nam da tang len khoang 1.7 lan so vai nam 1992 tir 250.9 trieu tan len 417,2 trieu tan (cuoi 2002) va 420 trieu tan (cuoi nam 2004) nhung van la rat nho so voi triJ lugng dau ciia the gioi va chi chiem khoang 7.8%) trtr lugng dau cua khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong, dimg hang thir (sau Malaixia) khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong (Hinh 9) 20 18 16 e 14 '3 ^2i a 10 China India Indonesia Australia Malaysia Vietnam Brunei Thailand Papua New Guinea Hinh 9: Phan bo trii' lu-cmg dau cac niro'c khu vyc chau A - Thai Binh Duong Tong triJ lugng ciia thi gioi din culi 2003 khoang 175,78 nghin ty m^ (6204,9 TSCF) cac nuoc khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong co trij lugng khoang 13,47 nghin ty m^ (475,6 TSCF) chiem khoang 8%o trO lugng thi gioi, dimg thir sau chau Phi Trir lugng ciia Viet Nam mac dii tang \hn so voi nam 1992 nhung chi chiem khoang 2.9%o trir Iugng khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong (Hinh 10) va xip thir (sau Thai Lan) Nghien cim xu huong bien dgng trtr lugng dhu khu vue chau A - Thai Binh Duong cho tha>' cac nuoc Trung QuIc, hn Do, Indonexia, Malaixia trtr lugng dau giam so voi nam 1992 thi Viet Nam lai co su tang trtr lugng nhanh ca dhu va Thanh cong tham gia tang trir lugng dhu cua Viet Nam la hang loat cac hgp dong dau dugc ky o cac viing moi va hoat dgng tham soi dgng mo rong toan them luc dia den viing nuoc sau 200m Mat khae, khoan phat triln va tham mo Bach Ho lan dau tien da phat hien dau mong truoc De tam b l sung nguIn tru lugng rat Ion de tri va tang san lugng khai thac Nhu vay, ca nhu nhiing phat hien moi bi giam di so lugng va quy mo trtr lugng co kha nang tang manh dang ke cac viing xung quanh mo san sang khai thac Dieu nhan manh tam quan trgng ciia cac boat dgng phat triln cac mo da phat hien viec tham hgp ly cac tilm nang dau Tuyen tap bao cao Hoi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau Viet Nam: Co hoi moi, thach thtic moi" ;33 Hmh 10: Phan bo tru- lu'ong d cac nuoc khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong Phan bo trii' lu-ong dau a Phdn bd tru- lugng ddu ehi tiit Tru' lugng dhu ciia Viet Nam tinh din 31-12-2004 eho thhy, 24 mo co kha nang thuong mai vao khoang 402 trieu tan (khoang 3000 BSTB) Nhu Hinh 11 chi ro trtr lugng dau Viet Nam tang hang nam vk nhanh kl tir nam 1988 sau phat hien dhu mong nirt ne truoc De tam o mo Bach H I Nam 1988, trtr lugng uac tinh vao khoang 113 trieu tan (826 BSTB) dau co kha nang thu hoi (thu hii co ban) Sau thai gian tren 10 nam da dugc bo sung vao nguon trtr lugng khoang 289 trieu thn, nang ting sl trtr lugng dhu din 31-12-2004 dat 402 trieu tan Cung ciing thoi ky da khai thac 169,94 trieu thn chiim 42% lai 232,06 trieu tan Trong so trtr lugng lai, tru' lugng da va dang phat triln la 200,4 trieu thn (khoang 80%o) o mo dang khai thac (kl ca mo dau - khi), sl lai chuin bi phat trien thoi gian toi TrQ lugng dhu tap trung chu ylu a bl Cim Long chiim tai 86% (khoang 340,8 trieu tan) trtr lugng dkx Viet Nam, trtr lugng dhu tu mong nut ne truoc De tam la 262 trieu thn chiim 63%o ting trtr lugng dhu cua Viet Nam (Hinh 12) Theo quy mo, eo mo co trtr lugng tren 13 trieu thn (>100 MMSTB) chiim 80% tru lugng dau thuoc mo dau eo quy mo khong 16 (mo khong 16 la mo eo trii' lugng vugt qua 100 trieu thiing dau hoae nghin ty CF theo phan loai ciia AAPG), mo dhu B^ch H6 CO trtr lugng tren 190 trieu thn (khoang 56%) bl Cim Long la mo lan nhk a them luc dia Viet Nam (Hinh 13) Dua tren gioi han chk lugng dSu gitra 22" va ST'API theo phan loai ciia Hgi nghj Nang lugng thi gioi (WEC), dhu ciia cac mo dang khai thac a thim luc dia Viet Nam chii ylu thuoc loai nhe co ty trgng tir 38" din 40.2"API la loai dhu nggj CO ham lugng luu huynh rk th4p (0,03 - 0,09%TL, sach (ham lugng cac chat gay nhiem nhu V, Ni, N thSp), co nhilu parafin (ham lugng parafin rSn 15 - 28%oTL) c6 diem chay rat cao (22 - 36"C) T6ng quan \h tai nguyen D5u ciia VigtJNjwn^ 34 180.00 1400 160.00 1200 140.00 a 1000 120.00 'a s I 800 100.00 I 600 80.00 I 400 60.00 a u *3a + 40.00 200 I 20.00 I I I I I I I I I 0.00 I r~t~r~[~t^ooooooooooooooooooooo\cj\ONOsO\ONONOsOsosQQOpQ O^O^O^O^^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^OpppC^ _H—C-H—.—ir^tNCSCNCS •Ddu tai ch6 "Trii luong D^u khai thde c6ng d6n Hinh 11: Bieu tang triro-ng tru- lu'ong va dau tai cho theo nam M6ng(CL) 262 ^ ^K|^7~- MLThd Chu ^^M (8%) ^r\\Ciru Long //^^^\ f " ^ H ^K Nam Con Son I (7%) (65%) ^ ^ \^^M m ^ H I (85%) y ^ \ y |L/^ jsJ^ Oli-HMio(CL) 78.8 (20%) Hinh 12 Phan bo trir Iugng dau theo cac be :: Tuyen tap bao cao Hoi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau Viet Nam: Co' hoi moi, thach thiic moi" 135 Hinh 13 Quy mo trir liro'ng cac mo dau Vict Nam b Xu thi ngudn tru' lugng bo sung Mac dii san lugng khai thac tang nhanh thoi gian qua tir 5,5 trieu tan (nam 1992) len 20,34 trieu tan (nam 2004), nhung trtr lugng van tri tang cao hon san lugng khai thac, dieu d6 eho thay sir cong tham gia tang trtr lugng bii dap dugc khoi lugng dau da khai thac (Hinh 11) Sir cong viec gia tang triJ lugng la Nha nuoc da co chinh sach thu hut dau tu nuoc ngoai nham day manh va mo rong boat dgng tham cac viing moi CO tiem nang va sir cong tham do, tham lugng gia tang trir lugng o cac mo da phat hien cung nhu cac mo da phat trien voi sy tang trii lugng thai gian qua tir cac mo da phat hien chiem khoang 45%o trii lugng dugc bo sung Dong thai, giai phap tang he so thu hoi dau (bom ep nuoc tri ap suat via) cQng da dugc nghien cim ap dung lan dau mo Bach H6 va sau dugc trien khai cac mo khae nhu: Dai Hiing, R6ng, Rang D6ng va Su Til' Den da gop phan dang ke tang ngu6n trtr lugng b6 sung Dac trung ciia cong tac tham dau la voi mirc riii ro eao, ca nhtrng mo da phat trien van eon co riii ro, boi vay sy cong tham gia tang trO lugng chang nhung phu thuge vao sy hieu biet cac d6i lugng tir cac thong tin thu dugc tir khoan tham lugng va phat trien va ap dung eae giai phap cong nghe mai tham dac biet la c6ng nghe thu n6, xir ly, minh giai tai lieu dia chan 3D (PSDM, AVO, AVD, SI, v.v ) de lam ro cau true dia chat cua cac d6i tugng tham Do ehinh la chia khoa cho su c6ng tham gia tang trir lugng tuong lai Phan bo tru- lirong Tinh den 31-12-2004 co 27 mo dugc phat hien, chii ylu a them luc dia duoi 200m nuoc chi co mo Tiln Hai "C" va D14 d4t liln thuge MVHN (kl ca mgt sl mo ciing voi cac mo dau nhu: mo Bunga Kekwa, Su Tir Trang, v.v ) Cac mo - d^u la cac than ty nhien dugc tich tu ciing cac than d^u mgt bay hoae cac than chira ehii ylu 136 Tong quan vl tai nguyen DSu ctia Vjl^J^aj^ la dau va mu cua cau tao ma truoc day cho la mo dau Voi muc dich bao cao tru lugng chi dua vao cac mo co trtr lugng (UR) Ion hon 0,9 ty m"* doi voi cac mo a dat lien (mo Tien Hai "C" dang khai thac) va cac mo o them luc dia co tru lugng Ion hon 1.8 t\ m' gan cac mo da phat trien (mo Hoa Mai dang danh gia de dua vao phat trien) Tir nam 1990 CO khoang 370 ty m'' thien nhien co kha nang thu h6i da dugc phat hien bo sung dua t6ng so trtr lugng len 394,7 ty m^, trtr lugng kh6ng d6ng hanh la 324,8 ty m^ va d6ng hanh la 69,9 ty m^ Cting ciing thai gian da phat hien dugc 23 mo ngoai khoi va mo o dk lien Do cac phat hien ciia cae hgp d6ng dau ky nam 1988 va 1992 ma nha th^u thyc hien cac chien djch tham ciia hg, trtr lugng (dy kiln thu hii co ban voi he sl thu hii ciia mo khoang 10%) tang dot bien sau phat hien mo Lan Tay - Lan Do nam 1992, mo Ring Doi (1994) va Hai Thach (1995) Hinh 14 minh hoa trtr lugng thien nhien bo sung tang len tir nam 1975 - 2004 80 450 70 400 60 "s 50 >o 250 I e c 40 200 ãS' 'S Bô 30 20 S 10 M i l t S t ^ t ^ l^t^OOOO OOtXJOO oooooo JU 150 100 ^ CT^ 30 ty m^ (>1 TCF) chiim khoang 40% trtr lugng Kich thuoc mo va trO lugng phat hien minh hoa Hinh 15 Hinh 15: Phan bo cac mo theo quy mo tru lu'ong Tuyen tap bao cao Hoi nghj KHCN ''30 nam Dau Viet Nam: Co hoi moi, thach thiic moi" 137 Nhin chung, chat Iugng cac mo a Viet Nam tir ch6 toi eho khae la nggt trir mgt so it mo a be Malay - Tho Chu eo ham lugng COT cao, ngoai cung c6 it mo CO ham lugng H2S trung binh - cao fl Khi khdng ddng hdnh be Nam C6n Son, khong dong hanh duge phat hien a mo voi 159.3 ty m"* chiem 40% trtr lugng khi, bl Malay - Thi Chu co 13 mo khi, mo - dAu voi trir lugng 138,2 ty m^ chiim 35%o, bl Song Hing kl ea ph^n dk liln (MVHN) phat hien mo a vinh Bae bg va mo a dat lien voi trtr lugng 7,5 ty m^ chi chiim 2% ting trtr lugng khi, a be Ciru Long c6 mo dhu voi tru- lugng 19,8 ty m^ chiim 5% (Hinh 16) Qua cac sl lieu cho thay, be Nam C6n Son co trti- lugng ldn nhk voi nhieu mo eo quy mo Ion, be Malay - Tho Chu phat hien nhilu mo nhk va co nhilu mo nho Trtr lugng eiia cac mo da phat triln, dang khai thac va dua vao kl hoach phat triln vai nam toi khoang 250 ty m^ (chiim khoang 63%o) MLThdChu 138.2 %) Sdng H6ng 7.5 (2%) Cim Long 58.4 (15%) Khf d6ng h 69.9 (18%) Nam C6n Scm 159.3 (40%) MLThdChu 11.5 (3%) CmiLx)ng 19.8 (5%) DCmi Long DNam C6n Son BSdng H6ng 0MLTh6 Chu Hinh 16 Phan bo tru- lirong theo cac be b Khi ddng hdnh Khi dong hanh phan b6 chii ylu a bl Cim Long vai trii lugng 58,4 ty m"^ (15%o) tap trung cac mo dhu Ion: Bach H I , Rang D6ng, Hing Ngge va cac mo dhu - khi: Emerald, Su Tii' Trang Ngoai ra, mgt lugng ding hanh rk nho (3%)) phan bl cac mo - d§u nhu: Bunga Kekwa - Cai Nuac, Bunga Raya thu6e bl Malay - Thi Chu c Tru' lu'png condensat Trtr lugng condensat dua vao hydrocarbon thi long dilu kien In dinh dya tren khoi lugng thu h6i tilm nang tir Cj va C,+ cua ting trtr lugng khai thac tir cac dl an cung cap hien co va cac dl an da khSng dinh tuong lai bao gIm cac mo Lan TayLan Do, Rong D6i - Rong D6i Tay Hai Thach va Emerald Trtr lugng condensat din 3112-2004 khoang 18 trieu tan, tap trung chii ylu cac mo ciia bl Nam Con Son va Cuu Long 138 Tong quan vl tai nguyen Dau ciia ViejJNam^ c Xu thi bd sung tru' lwffng thiin nhiin Tru lugng thien nhien tang nhanh thai gian qua chimg to sy cong to Ion cong tac tham Trong 14 nam qua (1990 - 2004) da phat hien dugc 24 mo khi, binh quan tang khoang 26 ty m^/nam tir cac mo moi va tham lugng cac phat hien Hau het cac mo duge phat hien tir cac viing tham mai thuge cac hgp dong dau lan dau, chi CO mgt so it mo dugc phat hien cac viing da tham dugc giao thau lan Sy bo sung trtr lugng lai djnh huong tuong lai mgt phan la tang truang ciia cac mo phu thuge vao ket qua khoan tham lugng va phat trien mo tren co so ket qua nghien ciru tot hon ve dja chat, dia vat ly va c6ng nghe mo, phan eon lai chii yeu hy vgng phat hien cac mo moi cac viing tham mai ciia cac be Song Hong, Phii Khanh, Tu Chinh - Vting May va cae dang bay phi eau tao, bay hon hgp a cac viing da tham thuge be Nam Con Son, Cim Long va Malay - Tho Chu Ciing voi sy bo sung tang truong trtr lugng thien nhien, trtr lugng condensat ciing se dugc tang, dac biet cac be Nam Con Son, Song Hong noi cac mo thuang sau Ion vai dieu kien nhiet va ap suat via cao nen trij lugng condensat se tang dang ke cac be Ngoai ra, Viet Nam phat hien mgt so mo khong 16 a be S6ng H6ng, nhung c6 ham lugng CO2 rat cao (> 60 90%) nen chua dua vao th6ng ke trij lugng hien tai Vi vay, viec nghien ciru cac giai phap cong nghe va co dieu kien kinh te uu dai de khuyen khich va tao dilu kien cho phat triln cac mo se la ngu6n tiem nang b6 sung dang ke (khoang 250 ty m^) trtr lugng cho Viet Nam tuong lai KET LUAN • Dau m6 va thien nhien la tai nguyen quy hiem, kh6ng tai tao, la nguIn nang lugng va nguyen lieu quan trgng cho sy phat triln kinh tl eua dk nuac Sau ghn 30 nam xay dyng va phat trien Ting c6ng ty Dhu Viet Nam ma eong tac tham khai thae dau la mgt cac hoat dgng quan trgng nhk da co nhtrng buoc tien vugt bae, nhk la tir Dang va Nha nuac ta co ehinh sach mo cira, Luat D4U tu nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam dugc Nha nuoc ban hanh, Nganh DSu da thu hut dugc hang chuc c6ng ty dhu thi gioi dhu tu vao tham a hhu hit cac bl trhm tich De tam co trien vgng dau ciia Viet Nam vai s l von dhu tu cho tham khai thac tren ty USD, da phat hien nhilu mo dhu moi, san lugng khai thac dau tang nhanh, dam bao an ninh nang lugng Qu6c gia, gop phhn dua dk nuoc khoi khiing hoang kinh tl culi thap nien 80 ciia thi ky XX, dong gop mgt ty phan lan cho GDP nuoc nha va kh6ng ngirng tang len, dua Viet Nam vao danh sach cae nuoc san xuat dau tren thi gioi va dirng thir o Dong Nam a vl khai thae dau th6 • Viee ap dyng cac phuang phap ky thuat va c6ng nghe moi tien tiln vao tham dhu Viet Nam da dem lai qua to lan, dac biet sau sy kien mang tinh dot pha phat hien dau mong nirt ne truoc De tam a mo Bach H6 ciia XNLD Vietsovpetro vao nam 1988 da lam thay dii cac quan dilm tham truyin th6ng, nho hang loat cac gieng tham vao mong da dem lai c6ng, phat hien them nhieu m6 dau moi (Rang Dong, Hing Ngge, Ring-14, Su Tir Den, Su Tir Vang, Su Tir Trang be Ciru Long va mo Dai Himg o be Nam C6n Son, v.v.) Tuygn tap bao cao Hoi nghj KHCN "30 nam DSu Viet Nam: Co hoi moi, thach thiic moi" n9 gia tang trtr lugng d^u dang kl, dam bao tang nhanh san lugng khai thac dau dap irng nhu chu nang lugng phat trien nin kinh te qu6c dan Tuy nhien do riii ro cao, ngu6n v6n Ion TKTD dau ma nen kinh te Viet Nam chua dii sire ganh chiu, phai dya vao dau tu nuoc ngoai nen mirc tham khong d6ng deu, moi chi tap trung chu yeu a vimg nuoc nong den 200m voi t6ng dien tich cac 16 da ky hgp d6ng moi chiem khoang 1/3 dien tich them lyc dia Vi vay, thoi gian toi eiing voi viec tiep tuc mo rong hgp tac qu6c te va thu hut dau tu nuoc ngoai, PetroVietnam can phai phat huy noi lyc hon ntra de day manh va mo rong c6ng tac tham nham eo phat hien dau mai, gia tang trij lugng lam co so cho viee quy hoach khai thac dau hgp ly va hieu qua • Trtr lugng va tiem nang dau cac be tram tich De tam ciia Viet Nam dy bao la dang ke (4300 trieu tan quy dau) chii yeu la (tren 50%)) va phan b6 chii yeu (>90%) a them luc dia Dau da phat hien vao khoang 1208,89 trieu tan quy dau chiem khoang 28%) ciia t6ng trir lugng va tiem nang dy bao, da phat trien dua vao khai thac 11 m6 dau khi, ngoai nhieu phat hien dau dang dugc tham lugng de phat trien vai nam toi Trir mgt so mo eo quy m6 Ion - kh6ng 16 da s6 cac mo da phat hien co quy m6 trung binh, nho co nhieu tang chira voi cau true dia chat rat phiic tap nen mac dii ty le phat hien tuong d6i cao nhung s6 m6 CO gia tri thuong mai kh6ng nhieu, mgt so phat hien kh6ng thuang mai dieu kien kinh te - ky thuat va luat hien hanh Mae dii eon s6 trtr lugng va tiem nang dy bao tiem an yeu t6 riii ro nhung da dua dugc dinh huong chien luge phat trien Nganh Dau den nam 2025 nham quan ly va khai thac an toan, hieu qua hon ngu6n tai nguyen de phye vu muc tieu phat trien nen kinh te qu6c dan • De dam bao gia tang trtr lugng, tri khai thac on dinh lau dai dam bao an ninh nang lugng cho phat trien kinh te ciia dat nuoc lu6n la thach thirc Ion d6i voi Nganh Dau Viet Nam Boi vay, thoi gian toi, T6ng c6ng ty Dau Viet Nam can phai phat huy noi lyc de day manh va mo rong tham dau cac viing chua dugc tham do, d6ng thoi can dau tu nghien ciru tim cac giai phap kinh te - c6ng nghe de phat trien khai thac cac mo duge xem la nho va cac mo CO ham lugng C02 cao ma cac nha thau da hoan tra va co duge mgt t6 hgp cac giai phap, ehinh sach uu dai khuyen khich dau tu nuoc ngoai de phat trien khai thac cac mo gioi han kinh te tren bien la doi hoi thyc te rat cap bach Mat khae, can phoi hgp voi cae nha thau nghien ciru ap dyng cac giai phap cong nghe moi de tang kha nang thu h6i dau tai cac mo dang khai thac Dieu eo y nghla kinh te rat lan tuong lai ma eae mo dau khai thac cang can kiet va viee phat hien cac mo nh6 o them luc dia va vimg dac quyen kinh te Viet Nam cang tra nen ph6 bien 40 T6ng quan \h tai nguyen DSu ciia Vi^tJNam^ TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Van Dac, 2000 Tiem ndng ddu cdc be trdm tich Kainozoi Viet Nam Hgi nghi KHCN "Ngdnh Dau tru&c thim thi ky XXF', Tap 1, NXB Thanh nien Ha Noi Vii Van Kinh, Nguyen Van Dac va n.n.k., 2000 Bdo cdo tdng hgp ddnh gid ket qua tim kiem thdm dd ddu & Viet Nam giai dogn 1998 - 2000 vd phirang hu&ng tim kiem thdm dd tiep theo Luu tru Vien Dau Khi, Ha Noi, 11-2000 Vu Van Kinh, Nguyen Trgng Tin, Ha Quoc Quan, Nguyen Huu Trung, Nguyen Thanh Lam, D6 Quang D6i Nguyen Xuan Hoa Nguyen Van Dac, 2003 Ddnh gid kit qud tim kiem thdm dd ddu & Viet Nam din 2002 vd phuong hu&ng hogt ddng dip theo Tuyen tap bao cao Hgi nghi Khoa hgc - Cong nghe ''Viin Ddu 25 ndm xdy dung vd trucmg thdnh" NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Ha Noi Torstein Hiie, Ame Onstein, Nguyen Van Dac, Nguyen Tran Phong, Pham Thanh Liem, Phan Giang Long, 1997 Vietnam Total Resource Assessment (VITRA) Luu trtr T6ng c6ng ty Dau Viet Nam, Ha Noi, 6-1997 Vietnam Gas Master Plan - Volume 2; Resource estimation Ministry of Planing and Investment and PetroVietnam, Socialist Republic of Vietnam under assignment from the Overseas Development Administration BP 2004 Statistical Review of World Energy ... Nam khung canh dau khu virc Viet Nam la quIc gia co tilm nang dhu Cac mo dhu da dugc phat hien o MVHN (ding bang Song H6ng), a bl Nam Con Son va Cim Long thuge thim luc dia Nam Vi?t Nam tir nam. .. hien dau hang nam ciia cac nha thhu va cac don vi tham khai thac dau ciia PetroVietnam eiing nhu ket qua ciia de an ting thi nam 1996 "Vietnam Gas Master Plan" (5) va dl an VITRA nam 1997 (4)... cua Viet Nam moi dugc dua vao thing ke dau tien vao nam 1990 Sau phat hien mo Lan Tay - Lan Do a bl Nam Con Son, tru lugng ciia Viet Nam moi duoc dua vao bang thing ke ciia thi gioi tir nam 1992