Nguyen Thu HuyIn vd dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 83(07) 121 126 XAY DlTNG MO HINH PHAN LOAI, THU GOM VA XlT LY CHAT THAI RAN SINH HOAT TAI CAC HO GIA DINH, 6 TO 7, P H L T O N G T A N THINH, THANH[.]
Nguyen Thu HuyIn vd dtg 83(07): 121 - 126 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE XAY DlTNG M O HINH PHAN LOAI, THU GOM VA XlT LY CHAT THAI R A N SINH H O A T TAI CAC HO GIA DINH, TO 7, P H L T O N G T A N THINH, T H A N H PHO THAI N G U Y E N Nguyen Thu Huyen , Nguyen Thi Dong Truang Dai hoc Khoa hoc - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM T A T Cac tac gia da nghien cu'u va xay dirng mo hinh thu gom, phan loai va xu- ly chat thai ran sinh boat tai cac hg gia dinh to 7, phudng Tan Thinh, Thai Nguyen, cd 85 % hg dan dong y phan loai CTR tai nguon Chi phi xay dung mo hinh la 43.958.200 dong Ngoai ra, vdi 50 gia dinh tham gia u phan thi mot nam dja phuong se giam dugc 23 tan CTR chon lap va 18,3 trieu dong chi phi van chuyen xir ly CTR Tir khoa: Mo hinh, phdn logl, thu gom, xu ly, chdt thdi rdn sinh hogt, u phdn, chon lap DAT VAN DE Chat thai ran (CTR) dd thi khdng phai la van de thdi su nhung ludn dugc su quan tam ciia mgi tang ldp xa hdi Mdt nhting van de can giai quyet tai dd thj la phan loai CTR sinh hoat (CTRSH) tai ngudn Viec phan CTR tai cac hd gia dinh cac loai rieng (CTR vd CO', CTR huu ca, CTR ddc hai) se mang lai lgi ich kinh te, mdi trudng va xa hdi Vdi nhung lgi ich nhu tren, phan loai CTR tai ngudn da trd mdt nhung ndi dung quan trgng chien luge Qudc gia ve Bao ve mdi trudng Hien nay, md hinh phan loai, thu gom va xir ly CTR tai ngudn da thuc hien cdng d mdt sd Qudc gia tren the gidi va mot sd phudng, xa, thj tran d Viet Nam Trong dd, d Thai Nguyen chua thuc hien phan loai CTR va chua cd nghien ciru khoa hoc ve xay dung md hinh phan loai, thu gom va xu- ly tai ngudn Td 7, phudng Tan Thjnh, phd Thai Nguyen cd quy md dan sd va khdng Idn (96 ho vdi sd dan 485 ngudi ke ca sinh vien d trg, 2009) Trong td cd mdt hd ndng nghiep; mdt hg Iam nghe tu do, cdn lai can bd cdng nhan vien chirc, bd ddi nghi huu Ngoai ra, cac gia dinh lam them ngbl kinh doanh nhd le nhu ban tap hda, an sang, nude va djch vu cho thue nha trg Vdi dac diem nghe nghiep nhu tren cd the khang dinh trinh dan tri td kha cao va la to Van hda Day la yeu td quan Tel: 0914569251: Email: hiivennt.(Ihkhurgmail.com trgng trien khai ebuong trinh phan loai CTR Ddng thdi dieu kien tu nhien, xa hdi va CO- sd tang kha thuan lgi He thdng dudng giao thdng rdng, thoang, khdng cd ngd sau Lanh dao td dan phd da nhan thirc va quan tam tdi cac van de mdi trudng tai dja phuong Hg cho biet rat vui dugc la cdng tac vien ciia md hinh phan loai CTR tai ngudn va se hudng dan ngudi dan thuc hien va tri md hinh Tai day, cdng ddng da hinh thdi quen tai che CTR Vi vay: "Xdy dimg mo hinh phdn logi thu gom vd xir ly chdt thai rdn sinh hogt Igi cdc ho gia dinh a to 7, phirang Tdn Thinh, thdnh phd Thdi Nguyen" la can thiet de dja pbuong ap dung md hinh vao thuc tien Muc tieu ciia de tai: Lira chgn md hinh phan loai, thu gom va xii- ly CTRSH phii hgp vdi dja phuong de tirng budc quan ly tdt CTRSH phudng Tan Thjnh ndi rieng va phd Thai Nguyen ndi chung ddng thdi nang cao nhan thirc va y thuc ciia cdng ddng ve phan loai CTR tai ngudn NQI DUNG NGHIEN CU'U VA PHU'ONG PHAP * Noi dung nghien ciru - Hien trang phat sinh, thu gom va xii- ly CTRSH tai td 7, phudng Tan Thjnh, phd Thai Nguyen - Danh gia nhan thirc, kha nang phan loai CTRSH ciia cdng ddng tai khu vuc 121 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Nguyen Thu Huyen vd dig - Thi nghiem ii phan compost - Tinh toan chi phi ap dung md hinh phan loai thu gom va xu' ly CTRSH tai dja phuo'ng * Phuo'ng phap nghien ciru - Phuang phdp thu thdp so lieu, tai lieu - Phuang phdp dieu tra thirc dia: tien hdnh thu gom phdn logi chdt ihdi rdn sinh hogt tgi ho gia dinh ngdy de xdc dinh khoi lucmg vd thdnh phdn CTRSH Dong thai, tien hdnh phdt nil nilon cho moi ho Irong 10 ngdy vdi liii mdu den dinig CTR vd ca, till mdu xanh dimg CTR hint ca de ddnh gld kha ndng phdn logi CTR giCra cdc gia dinh - Phuong phap danh gia nhanh cd su tham gia ciia cdng ddng: Thdng qua phat 50 phieu dieu tra tai cac hd gia dinh de danh gia nhan thu'c ciia cdng ddng ve phan loai CTR - Thi nghiem: Sir dung che phdm E.M2 vd E.M Bokashi u yem CTR sinh hogt Tien hanh thu gom va phan loai CTR sinh boat sau dd ii CTR sinh boat huu co' hang Bang Danh sach dung cu va nguyen lieu dung trons thi nahiem TT Ten CTRSH huu ca Xo nhua Chai nhua Voi thao nude Vi ngan CTR Che pham E.M2 Che pham E.M Bokashi So lu'ong Don vj 500 Chiec Lo Chiec Cai ml 700 O + Cac xd nhua diic thiing Id nhd d day cd nap kin vi dd CTR va dugc ke cao d noi thoang mat, tranh anh nang mat trdi va tranh nude mua; -I- Che pham E.M Bokashi rac deu ldp 40 g vao day thiing -t- CTR hQ-u CO- thu gom hang dugc cat VLin khoang - mm, cho vao thiing va dugc san deu -I- Rac deu len be mat CTR huu ca mdt ldp Bokashi can mdng 20 - 40 g va vay 20 ml 122 83(07): 121-126 chi pham E.M2 Yeu cau am CTR dat tir 30 - 50% Thu gom xii ly CTR hiru ca cho den day (each mieng xd khoang cm) U phan khoang 45 din khdi lugng cac thiing khdng doi thi dirng lai (Khi qua trinh phan hiiy CTR htru ca kit thuc) KET QUA NGHIEN CU'U Khoi luang va phan chat thai ran sinh hoat phat sinh tai to 7, phuong Tan Thjnh, Thai Nguyen - Khdi lugng CTR sinh hoat phat sinh tai cac hd gia dinh dao ddng khoang 0.43 0,71 kg/ngudi/ngay Tdng khdi lugng CTR sinh boat phat sinh la 276,4 kg/ngay - Lug'ng CTR sinh boat binh quan tai nhirng gia dinh vien trd xudng cao gap 1,65 ISn gia dinh cd vien trd len Lugng CTR sinh hoat tang vao cac cudi tuan nhung khdng dang ke Vao cac le tet, lugng CTR thudng tang tii' 1,3 - 1,5 lan nhu cau tieu diing cua cac hoat hang Ket qua phan loai phan CTR phat sinh tai td 7, phudng Tan Thjnh, phd Thai Nguyen duge the hien qua bang Biing Thanh phan CTR phat sinh tai to 7, phudng Tan Thjnh, phd Thai Nguyen TT Thanh phan Ty If (" 55,2 Chat huu ca Xi than 22,5 Nilon 7,8 Giav an 6.5 Nhua 3,7 Pin, thudc qua 0,1 han Cac loai khac 4.2 Tong cong 100 Ket qua bang cho thay: phan CTR mang dac trung ciia CTR sinh hoat CTR hiru CO- chiem ty le cao nhat la 55.2%; va thap nhat la chat ddc hai 0,1% Thanh phan CTR ciia cac hd gia dinh gan nhu khdng ddi Chat vd ca tang tii- 32,5%) len den 45%) vao cac cudi tuan Tiiy vao nghe nghiep ciia hg ma ty le cae loai chat thai khac Nguyen Thu HuyIn va dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Hien trang thu gom va xir ly CTR sinh hoat Uy ban nhan dan phuo'ng Tan Thjnh phdi hgp vdi Cdng ty Cd phan Mdi trudng & Cdng trinh dd thi (CTCPMTDT) Thai Nguyen thuc hien Cu the nhu sau; + Uy ban Nhan dan phudng Tan Thjnh: lap ddi ve sinh mdi trudng, cd can bd quan ly chung, ke toan, cdng nhan thu gom CTR (ca nam va nu) + CTCPMTDT chju trach nhiem van chuyen CTR tai diem tap ket (nga ba Phii Thai, cdng trudng Cao dang Thuong mai va Du lich, cdng trudng viing cao Viet Bac) va chdn lap tai bai rac Da Mai - Tan Cuong M6 hinh phan loai, thu gom va xu ly CTR sinh hoat a Nhfjn thirc cua cong dong ve phdn loai chfit thdi rdn Thdng ke 50 phieu dieu tra va thu dugc nhung ket qua nhu sau: Co 44/50 ngudi diigc phdng van da nghe ndi tdi mdt sd cac cum tir: CTR vd co-, htru ca tai che va nguy hai qua phuo-ng tien thdng tin dai chimg, internet (hinh 2) 100^° Hien trang thu gom va xir ly CTR sinh hoat duoc cu the hda binh i Bao dung CTK Cong ty -• 36.3% 40 — 20 — 9% • 1- Hinh Hieu biet ciia ngudi dan ve cac loai CTR Hinh cu the hda kha nang nhan biet thuc te ciia cdng ddng thdng qua phieu dieu tra 43.1% 40 —• 30 2.^% 20 22.7% n HCru ca i -*• Xc van chuyen 6.8% Loai CTR MTof '' Xc lam giac 63.6% 60 —1 10 Con g nha VSM T Hp gia dinh 88.6% 80 — Qua khao sat cho thay: cdng tac quan ly mdi trudng ciia phudng Tan Thjnh cdn nhieu bat cap Can bd khdng cd chuyen mdn Tien cdng ciia mdi cdng nhan chua xirng dang khoang 600.000 ddng/thang Hien nay, le phi thu gom CTR sinh boat ap dung la 3000 dong/ngudi/thang - CTR dugc thu gom bang phuong phap thii cdng (xe day tam giac, chdi, xeng) ket hgp cogidi (cac xe cau, xe udn) Da phan CTR sinh hoat dugc dirng vao bao tai hoac thiing xdp trudc nha, sd it mang diem tap trung Hau het cac xe thu gom deu qua tai CTR thudng chat cao 0,8 - Im, xung quanh xe day mdc nhieu cac tiii nilon dan den tinh trang roi vai van chuyen Theo quy djnh, CTR phat sinh dugc thu hang nhung thuc te - ngay/Han 83(07): 121-126 la che Vo ca Nguy hai Hinh Kha nang nhan biet ciia ngudi dan ve cac loai CTR Bai rac Da Mai Hinh Mo hinh thu gom, xu ly CTR sinh hoat tai td 7, phudng Tan Thinh So sanh hinh va hinh cho thay: 45,5% so ngudi nghe CTR huu ca nhung khdng hieu Tuang tu ddi vdi cac loai CTR vd co, tai ehl va nguy hai, ty le ngudi hieu dugc ban chat 123 Nguyen Thu Huyen vd dig 83(07): 121 - 126 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE giam lan lugt la 40,9%; 11,3% va 2,2% Tir nhan thuc eua cdng ddng de tai xay dung md hinh quan ly CTR sinh boat nhu hinh - Tuyen truyen tai gia dinh ve y nghTa va each thuc cdng tac phan loai, xii' ly CTR b In dn, phdt ta rcri - Thdng diep: "Tiet kiem, tan dung, tdi sinh" "Cdng it chdt thdi cdng tot": - Phat td roi: tai cugc hgp dan vao dau cua budi tuyen truyen c To chiec phdn loai, thu gom vd xir ly chat thdi rdn sinh hoat - Kinh phi mua thiing rac va xe thu gom : + Mua thiing rac ngan: 1.800.000 x = 5.400.000 ddng -I- Mua xe gom ngan (loai 0,25 mVxe): 1.100 X = 2.200.000 ddng Trudng TH Le Van Tam ->L1 = 110 ni