1. Trang chủ
  2. » Tất cả

Evaluation of building retrofitting alternatives from sustainability perspective

10 1 0
Tài liệu đã được kiểm tra trùng lặp

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU

Nội dung

Evaluation of Building Retrofitting Alternatives from Sustainability Perspective Procedia Engineering 171 ( 2017 ) 1137 – 1146 Available online at www sciencedirect com 1877 7058 © 2017 The Authors Pu[.]

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1137 – 1146 6XVWDLQDEOH&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ6WUXFWXUHVDQG&RQVWUXFWLRQ0DWHULDOV6&(6&0 (YDOXDWLRQRIEXLOGLQJUHWURILWWLQJDOWHUQDWLYHVIURP VXVWDLQDELOLW\SHUVSHFWLYH (UWXJUXO7XUNHU8]XQD 0XWOX6HFHUD a Izmir Katip Celebi University, Balatcik Campus, Izmir, 35620, Turkey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‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG © 2017 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI6&(6&0 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016 Keywords:5HWURILWWLQJVHLVPLFFRGHVHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQFRVWFDOFXODWLRQ   &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ E-mail address:HUWXJUXOWXUNHUX]XQ#LNFHGXWU 1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016 doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.476 1138 Ertugrul Turker Uzun and Mutlu Secer / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1137 –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rtugrul Turker Uzun and Mutlu Secer / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1137 – 1146 1139 LQQHUIRUFHGLVWULEXWLRQDGGLQJQHZFRPSRQHQWVWRWKHEXLOGLQJDQGGHFUHDVLQJWKHPDVVRIWKHEXLOGLQJWRPLQLPL]H WKHVHLVPLFDFWLRQVDUHFDOOHGV\VWHPVWUHQJWKHQLQJ ,QFRPSRQHQWOHYHORIVWUHQJWKHQLQJUHLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWHFRDWLQJLVFRPPRQO\XVHG,WLVDSSOLHGE\UXPSOLQJWKH VXUIDFH RI WKH H[LVWLQJ FROXPQ 5HLQIRUFHG FRQFUHWH FRDWLQJ VKRXOG KDYH WKH WKLFNQHVV WKDW LV HQRXJK WR LQVWDOO YHUWLFDODQGKRUL]RQWDOEDUVSRXUFRQFUHWHDQGVXVWDLQWKHPLQLPXPUXVWDUHD&RQFUHWHFRDWLQJVKRXOGEHJLQIURP WKHWRSRIWKHEDVHIORRUVODEDQGHQGVDWWKHERWWRPRIWKHWRSIORRUVODE 6\VWHP VWUHQJWKHQLQJ LV JHQHUDOO\ SHUIRUPHG E\ LQVWDOOLQJ UHLQIRUFHG FRQFUHWH ZDOOV ZLWKLQ WKH SODQH RI WKH IUDPH)UDPHVDUHDGGHGWRWKHUHLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWHV\VWHPDQGWKH\DUHFRQWLQXRXVIURPWKHJURXQGWRWKHWRSRIWKH IUDPH :LWK WKLV SXUSRVH WKH WUDQVYHUVH UHLQIRUFHPHQWV RQ WKH HQG ]RQH RI WKH ZDOO DQG WKH ORQJLWXGLQDO UHLQIRUFHPHQWVLQWKHZDOOERG\DUHFRQWLQXRXV7KHZDOOVDUHFRQQHFWHGWRWKHIUDPHWKH\DUHRQZLWKDQFKRUVWLFNV DQG WKH\ ZRUN WRJHWKHU ZLWK WKH IUDPH $QFKRU VWLFNV QHHG WR KDYH HQRXJK VWUHQJWK WR PHHW WKH VOLS WHQVLOH WKDW FRPHVRXWEHWZHHQWKHH[LVWLQJIUDPHDQGWKHDGGHGUHLQIRUFHGFRQFUHWHZDOOFRPSRQHQWVGXHWRWKHVHLVPLFORDG )ULFWLRQVKHDUSULQFLSOHVDUHWKHEDVLVSRLQWLQGHVLJQLQJWKHDQFKRUVWLFNV,QFDVHWKHUHDUHQ¶WDQ\H[LVWLQJFROXPQV LQWKHHQG]RQHRIWKHZDOOZDOOHQG]RQHQHHGWREHFRQVWUXFWHG,IWKHUHLVQ¶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nergy consumption in strengthening phase (QHUJ\ LV UHTXLUHGIRU PDQXIDFWXULQJ DQ\ FRQVWUXFWLRQ PDWHULDO (QHUJ\UHTXLUHPHQWV RI FRQVWUXFWLRQPDWHULDOV WKDW DUH XVHG LQ VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ 7DEOH  (QHUJ\ UHTXLUHPHQW IRU EXLOGLQJ PDWHULDO XVHG LQ VWUHQJWKHQLQJ4PDQXIDFWXUHFDQEHFDOFXODWHGXVLQJ(T  >@ n Qmanufacture ¦ mi  r wi  M i    i  ZKHUHQLVWRWDOQXPEHURIPDWHULDOVLLVWKHFXUUHQWPDWHULDOPLLVWKHDPRXQWRIWKHLEXLOGLQJPDWHULDO WRQ ZLLV WKH IDFWRU IRU ZDVWH RI WKH L EXLOGLQJ PDWHULDO SURGXFHG LQ HUHFWLRQ   DQG 0L LV WKH HQHUJ\ UHTXLUHG IRU PDQXIDFWXULQJWKHLEXLOGLQJPDWHULDO N:KWRQ  7DEOH(QHUJ\XVHIRUVWUHQJWKHQLQJEXLOGLQJPDWHULDOV 0DWHULDOV 0L(kWh/ton) ZL(%) 5HLQIRUFHG&RQFUHWH   6WHHO    /LNHZLVH WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ HQHUJ\ LV UHTXLUHG IRU PRYLQJ VWUHQJWKHQLQJ PDWHULDOV IURP RQH SODFH WR DQRWKHU 7UDQVSRUW WDNHV SODFH IURP WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU WR WKH EXLOGLQJ VLWH ZKHQ WKH EXLOGLQJ LV EHLQJ UHQRYDWHG 7KH WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ RI UDZ DQG VHPLPDQXIDFWXUHV PDWHULDOV LV LQFOXGHG WR WKH PDQXIDFWXULQJ HQHUJ\ (QHUJ\ 1140 Ertugrul Turker Uzun and Mutlu Secer / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1137 – 1146 FRQVXPSWLRQ IRU WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ RI VWUHQJWKHQLQJ PDWHULDOV LV FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ (T   DQG WKH UHODWLRQV DERXW GLVWDQFHVDUHVKRZQLQ7DEOH>@ n Qtransportationerection ¦ mi   wi  diT c    i  ZKHUHQLVWKHQXPEHURIPDWHULDOVLLVWKHPDWHULDOFRQFHUQHGPLLVWKHDPRXQWRIWKHLEXLOGLQJPDWHULDO WRQ ZL LVWKHIDFWRUIRUZDVWHRIWKHLEXLOGLQJPDWHULDOSURGXFHGLQHUHFWLRQ  GLLVWKHGLVWDQFHIURPWKHPDQXIDFWXUHURI PDWHULDOWRWKHEXLOGLQJVLWH NP DQG7FLVWKHHQHUJ\UHTXLUHGIRUWKHFRQYH\DQFHFRQFHUQHG N:KWRQNP  7DEOH(QHUJ\XVHIRUWUDQVSRUWDWLRQRIVWUHQJWKHQLQJPDWHULDOV 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ 7F N:KWRQNP  /RQJGLVWDQFHURDG GLVWDQFHV!NP   /RQJGLVWDQFHURDG GLVWDQFHV”NP    (QHUJ\LVQHHGHGIRUPDQ\HUHFWLRQVWDJHVRIDEXLOGLQJVXFKDVIRULQVWDQFHGU\LQJDQGGUDLQDJHWKHKHDWLQJRI VKHGV DQG RI WKH EXLOGLQJ LWVHOI HOHFWULFLW\ IRU OLJKWLQJ SXUSRVH DQG IRU PDFKLQHU\ 7KH HQHUJ\ UHODWHG WR VWUHQJWKHQLQJ PDWHULDO SURFHVVHV DUH JLYHQ LQ 7DEOH  DQG WKH HQHUJ\ XVH IRU GLIIHUHQW SURFHVV LQ HUHFWLRQ RI D VWUHQJWKHQHGEXLOGLQJ4HUHFWLRQLVFDOFXODWHGXVLQJ(T  >@ m Qerection ¦ pk Pk    ZKHUHPLVWKHQXPEHURISURFHVVNLVWKHW\SHRIWKHSURFHVVPNLVWKHDPRXQWRIWKHSURFHVVN WRQPRUP  DQG3NLVWKHHQHUJ\UHTXLUHGIRUWKHNSURFHVV k  7DEOH(QHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQIRUVWUHQJWKHQLQJSURFHVV 0DWHULDOV 3L 'U\LQJRIVWDQGDUGFRQFUHWHRQEXLOGLQJVLWH N:KWRQ 'U\LQJFRQFUHWHHOHPHQW NZKWRQ 4.2 Cost and CO2 emission in the material strengthening phase 8QLW FRVW DQG &2 HPLVVLRQ IDFWRUV DUH FKDQJHG DFFRUGLQJ WR TXDOLW\ RI WKH PDWHULDO 7KHUHIRUH LW KDV WR EH GHFLGHGSURSHUVWUHQJWKHQLQJPHWKRGIRUVDYLQJPRQH\DQGSURWHFWLQJHQYLURQPHQW8QLWFRVWVDQG&2HPLVVLRQV RIFRQFUHWHDQGUHEDUGXHWRLWVVWUHQJWKDUHSUHVHQWHGLQ7DEOH>@ 7DEOH8QLWFRVWDQG&2HPLVVLRQIDFWRUE\VWUHQJWKHQLQJPDWHULDOVWUHQJWK 0DWHULDO 6WUHQJWK 8QLWFRVW &2HPLVVLRQIDFWRU &RQFUHWH 03D (85P NJ&2P 5HEDU 03D (85WRQ NJ&2WRQ 1XPHULFDOVWXG\ 5.1 Building features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rtugrul Turker Uzun and Mutlu Secer / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1137 – 1146 D E  )LJ D 'EXLOGLQJPRGHO E IORRUSODQ 5.2 Analysis of the RC building %XLOGLQJ LV PRGHOHG XVLQJ 67$&$' >@ VRIWZDUH DQG VWUXFWXUDO SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH EXLOGLQJ LV HYDOXDWHG XVLQJ 7(&   FRGH >@ 0RGDO FDSDFLW\ GLDJUDP LV SUHVHQWHG LQ )LJ  $QDO\VLV UHVXOWV VKRZ WKDW EXLOGLQJ SHUIRUPDQFHLVQRWVXIILFLHQWWRVDWLVI\OLIHVDIHW\SHUIRUPDQFHOHYHO   )LJ6SHFWUDOUHSODFHPHQW6G±VSHFWUDODFFHOHUDWLRQ6D 5.3 Strengthening of the RC building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rtugrul Turker Uzun and Mutlu Secer / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1137 –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±VSHFWUDODFFHOHUDWLRQ 6D IRUVKHDUZDOOUHWURILWWLQJDOWHUQDWLYH D PPWKLFNQHVV E PPWKLFNQHVV F PP G PPWKLFNQHVV       1143 Ertugrul Turker Uzun and Mutlu Secer / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1137 – 1146 D E  F G  )LJ6SHFWUDOUHSODFHPHQW 6G ±VSHFWUDODFFHOHUDWLRQ 6D IRUVKHDUZDOOUHWURILWWLQJIRUDOWHUQDWLYH D PPWKLFNQHVV E PP WKLFNQHVV F PP G PPWKLFNQHVV    )LJ6SHFWUDOUHSODFHPHQW 6G ±VSHFWUDODFFHOHUDWLRQ 6D IRUVWUHQJWKHQLQJRISDUWLWLRQLQJZDOOV 5.4 Evaluation of strengthening from sustainability perspective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rtugrul Turker Uzun and Mutlu Secer / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1137 – 1146 D  E  )LJ D %DVHVKHDUUDWLR E &RVWIRUVWUHQJWKHQLQJ  (QHUJ\ FRQVXPSWLRQ IRU VWUHQJWKHQLQJ PHWKRGV DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ )LJ D DQG &2 HPLVVLRQ IRU VWUHQJWKHQLQJ DOWHUQDWLYHV DUH JLYHQ LQ )LJ E UHVSHFWLYHO\ 6KHDU ZDOO DOWHUQDWLYH  QHHGV PRUH HQHUJ\ DQG DOVR UHYHDOV PRUH &2JDVHV3DUWLWLRQLQJZDOOVWUHQJWKHQLQJUHTXLUHVOHVVHQHUJ\DQGJLYHVOHVV&2HPLVVLRQWKDQWKHRWKHUPHWKRGV  1145 Ertugrul Turker Uzun and Mutlu Secer / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1137 –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rtugrul Turker Uzun and Mutlu Secer / Procedia Engineering 171 (2017) 1137 –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± >@(30RUD/LIHF\FOHVXVWDLQDELOLW\DQGWKHWUDQVFHQGHQWTXDOLW\RIEXLOGLQJPDWHULDOV%XLOGLQJDQG(QYLURQPHQW  ± >@67$&$' $QDO\VLV DQG GHVLJQ PDQXDO RI PXOWLVWRU\ 5& VWUXFWXUHV 9 67$ &RPSXWHU (QJLQHHULQJ DQG &RQVXOWLQJ &RPSDQ\ ,VWDQEXO7XUNH\ ... 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI6&(6&0 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016 Keywords:5HWURILWWLQJVHLVPLFFRGHVHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQFRVWFDOFXODWLRQ   &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[... (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of SCESCM 2016 doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.476 1138 Ertugrul Turker Uzun and Mutlu... (2017) 1137 – 1146 D E  )LJ D ''EXLOGLQJPRGHO E IORRUSODQ 5.2 Analysis of the RC building %XLOGLQJ LV PRGHOHG XVLQJ 67$&$'' >@ VRIWZDUH DQG VWUXFWXUDO SHUIRUPDQFH

Ngày đăng: 24/11/2022, 17:56

TÀI LIỆU CÙNG NGƯỜI DÙNG

TÀI LIỆU LIÊN QUAN