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CHUYSN MUC M 6 | TRU''''dNG VA B l tN B 6 | K H I HAU GlAl PHAP QUAN LY RAC THAI SINH HOAT TAI NGUON d VUNG NONG THON (TRU aNG HOP XA BJNH TAN, HUYEN TAY SON, TJNH BJNH D|NH) NGUYiN THI THINH Nghiin ciru[.]
CHUYSN MUC M | TRU'dNG VA B l t N B | K H I HAU GlAl PHAP QUAN LY RAC THAI SINH HOAT TAI N G U O N d VUNG NONG THON (TRU-aNG HOP XA BJNH TAN, HUYEN TAY SON, TJNH BJNH D|NH) NGUYiN THI THINH Nghiin ciru giii phap quin If ric thil sinh hopt xuit phit tir nhu ciu cip bich vi giim thiiu Iirpng ric thai tpi nguon cac bai ric ngiy cing qui til vi cai thiin chit Iwpng vp sinh mil trwang tai viing ndng thdn Trong nghien ciru nay, tic gii sir dpng phuong phip nghien ciru hinh ding cd sw tham gia (participatory action research) nham tang tinh chij dpng vipc quin iy ric thil sinh hoat cho cpng ding va thuc day sw hap tic giira cic bin tham gia vol vai trd ngang Nghiin ciru da lam sing ti cic diim sau; (1) nhu cau sir dpng dich vp thu gom, van chuyen vi xir If ric cung nhw cich thirc to chirc dich vp cua mil cpng ding li khic nhau, (2) cac cing dong diu cd nguon Iwc hd trp hi thing dich vp va nin tpn dpng nguon li/c nay, (3) thiit ki hi thong quan ly rao thai sinh hopt co sw tham gia ciia cpng ding tir dau li hwang di giiip tang hiiu qui ciia dich vu va giim Iwpng ric thai bo tpi nguon DAT V A N B £ quyin da dau t u hg thong thu gom, vgn cac dja phuang hign nay, lugng rac thai sinh hogt cgng tang, cac bai rac cang qua tai, vigc qugn ly rac thai tro- nhu d u d p bach de dam bao vg sinh moi trugng Tuy nhien, v i n d l ngan sach va nguon nhan lyc la mgt chuyen rac the! sinh boat nhung cac hfl dan khong tham gia hogc tham gia mpt thai gian rli bo Mgt so dja ban thi xay mau thuin giua dan vj cung d p dich vy va cac ho dan ngugi dan khong hai long v l each cung d p djch vy ap lyc |gn vgi eac dgn vj cung d p dich vy Han nua, o' mgt s l dja ban chinh Vi vay, viec nghien cDu d l xult cac giai phap quan ly rac sinh hoat se ia d n thiet nham cac myc tieu: Nguyin Thj Thjnh Thgc St Tmng tam Nghian cDu Mdi tardng, Vign Khoa hpc Xa hfli vDng Nam B6 - Gia-" thilu lugng rac thai bo, dam bao vg sinh moi truo-ng va giam ap lyc cho cac bai rac NGUYEN THI T H I N H - GlAl PHAP QUAN Lf RAC THAI ngudi Xa Blnh Tan co thfln, nhien chi cfl thfln tham gia khao sat Trong buli khao sat chDng toi trinh bay ngan gpn v l cac dilm chinh chiin luge - Be xult mgt he thing thu gom, van quan ly chat thai ran cua Hnh va huygn cung nhu myc Heu cue nghien cDu chuyin phu hgp vdi nhu c l u va dac khoang - phut, sau cac tham dy dilm cua cpng dong, tang cac flnh higu vien dugc chia nhdm trfl' v l "nai qua cua djch vu cu ngu" d l cung vdi ngudi dan tgi cho Nghien cuu dugc thyc hien khuon xac djnh hifln trgng thu gom, x u IJ chit kho chugng trinh Ve sinh mdi trwang thai ran va nhu d u sii' dgng djeh vy nong thdn tinh Blnh Binh, thi diem tgi tuang lai huyen Tay San, Phu My, An Nhan va Sau dd, nhom dai difln thao luan va diin Hoai Nhan Oy ban Nhan Dan tinh vao ban hoi gom cac thong tin ve hign Binh Djnh phii hap vdi Ca quan Hgp tac trgng x u ly rac tgi xa; nhu d u s u dyng Ky thugt Bi thyc hien Trong bai vilt djch vy thu gem - van chuyin va x u 1^ Chung toi trinh bay v l mpt truang hgp cy rac sinh hogt cua nguai dan D lfimhieu t h i tgi xa Binh Tan, huyen Tay Sgn, tinh nhu c l u su dung djch vy tuang lai, Binh Djnh m l i nhom mfl ta bang mgt ban sa ty PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CO'U ve Moi sa thon cung d p cac thflng De thyc hign nghien cDu nay, tac gia sD dyng phuang phap nghien cDu hanh fin: dpng CO sy tham gia (Participatory Action -Vj tri cua thfln - Tan dung nguon lyc (nhan lyc va vat lyc) san c6 cgng ding cung d p djch vu thu gom, van chuyin rac, giam ehi phi dau tu Research), vl cac ly sau: - cac trye duang chinh thfln - Phugng phap giup tgo tinh hgp tac giua cac ben tham gia vai vai trfl ngang - Cac cum dan c u thfln - Nghien cuu dugc thyc hign bfl-i chinh nhung ngudi chju anh huo'ng bo'i nghien cuu dfl - Cac eg so' cflng cgng (chg, trugng hge, try sd, v.v.) thon - Vj tri cac dilm hen xe lay rac: Cac dilm hgn d n thugn tign cho xe d i n thu gom va cung thugn tign eho nguai dan - ThDc day hanh dgng va tao sy thay d l i d l rac (each nha xa nhat xom dudi cgng ding nghien cDu (Gilfis and 300m), da phin lg nai giao glDa dudng hem nho vdi trye duang chinh Jackson, 2002; Minkler, Meredith and cua thfln Thud'ng thi m l i cum dan cu tD Wallerstein, 2003) 15 - 50 hp se c6 mpt dilm hgn l l y rac D l thyc hien nghien cuu nay, chDng toi Doi vgi cac cym dan c u tren 100 hg, thi mdi lanh dgo Oy bgn Nhan dan xa, cdn se CO - diem hgn bg phu trach v l Tai nguyen Mfli truang xa, truo'ng cac thon va mpt so ngudi dan Mac du so lugng d i l m hgn va tuyin sing lau nam, c6 uy fln, am hieu dja ban dugng thu gom rac se d n thao lugn tham gia khao sat, mfli thfln mdi - them giua toan t h i cgng dong va ngudi TAP CH( KHOA HQC xA HQ\ so7 (191) 2014 (^ng cap djch vg thu gom, nhung day Id eg sd d i u tien d l hinh thdnh tinh sd huu (ownership) cua cpng ding vdi tu cdch Id chu the eua tien trinh quan ly rdc da dugc tgn dgng Igi cho chdn nudi vd lam chit doL Rdc tai c h i da dugc cae hO gia (3inh giu* Igi d l bdn ve chai, ede logi rdc khde thi dugc thai bd bang cdch ehdn, d i t hodc vCrt noi edng cOng Do vay, lugng rdc bd di cua hp edn rlt it (0,25 bao cam 50kg tdi 1,5 bao edm 50 kg/tuln/hp) K E T QUA VA BiNH LUAN Xd Blnh Tdn la xa hodn todn chua ed djeh vy thu gom rdc Khi duge hdi vl xd ehua to chue hopt dgng thu gom rdc thi cdc ly dugc dua nhu sau: Xa tmng tam (4 thdn: An Hgi, My Thgch, Thudn Ninh, Phu Hung), tugng rac it (2 thdn: Phu Hung, An HOi), ddt rOng ddn thua (2 thdn: Thuan Hda va Thudn Ninh) Vipc tan dyng rdc hiru co vd bdn rdc d l tdi ehi dugc cdc hO dan thgc hipn hdng ngdy, Id thdi quen blnh thudng doi vdi hp Vi vay, n l u thiet k l vd to chde md hinh quan ly rde thai sinh hogt eho dja bdn can luu y ddc dilm tren nhim giup tri thdi quen tot ndy eua cgng dong de gidm thieu lugng rdc thai tgi nguin 2.1 Hign trgng quan 1^ rdc thai sinh hopt tgi dja ban nghien cuu (xem Bang 1) Theo kit qud khao sat, da s l rac huu eo Bang Hipn trgng xu ly rdc cua cdc hO ddn xa Binh Tan Xi> ly rdc a nai chua eg djch vg thu gom Stt Th6n Rdc thirc an Phy pham ndng thira nghidp Lu'p'ng rdc can thai bo tuan/ho (don RSc khae vj bao cdm"' 50kg) Chit dot Thai bo, ban Chan nuoi Chan nuoi, dun nau Chat dot Thai bo, dot 1.5 Dot, ban 0.5 Thdn Thugn Hoa Chdn nuoi Chdn nugi Thdn Phil Hung Rac vygn Thdn Thupn Ninh Chdn nudi ChSn nuoi Chat dot ii phan bon Thon My Thach Chan nuoi Chdn nuoi Phan bon cay Dot, ban Thgn An Hgi Chan nuoi Chan nuoi Chat dot Thai bo, ban 0,25 Nguon: Chuong trinh V0 sinh mdi trwang ndng thdn tinh Binh Binh Bang Nhu d u su dgng djch vu thu gom, van chuyen vd xu ly rdc thai Stt Thon Thon Thugn Hoa Thon eohg giadinh Mong muon sd dgng dich So lan can thu muon lam vipc vy thu gom, van chuyen va gom tuan chuyen chd rac' xir ly rac sinh hogt Phi thu gom Kh6ng (Ba ty huy bing chon hope dot) Thgn Phu Hung Co Thgn Thudn Ninh Khdng (Dat rgng, dan thya, dan co the xic ly) Co Gia thycyng lyp'ng Thgn My Thpch Cd Co Gia nha nude Thgn An Hgi C6 10 ngay/lan Co Gia nha nir^e Nguin: Chyang trinh V$ sinh mdi trw&ng ndng thdn tinh Binh Dinh NGUYEN THI THINH - GlAl PHAP QUAN L V R A C THAI 2.2 Nhu cau su dyng djch vy va nguon lyc tgi Sia ban nghiSn cDu (xem Beng 2) Khi dugc hoi v l nhu c l u su dung djch vy thu gom va xu ly rac sinh hcgt, 3/5 thon tra lai meng muon s u dung djch vy Thon Thuan Hoa va Thugn Ninh khong mong muon sir dyng djch vy d\a ban dan cu cua hg rpng It hg dan va cac hg dan thay hg c6 t h i ty xD ly Nhu vay, d i u t u djch vy cho thfln thi se khong higu qua, hg khflng co nhu c l u s u dung K i t qua nghien cuu cho thiy rang nhu d u su dung djch vy cung nhu each cung d p djch vu rat khae tai cac then Do vay, vigc ap dyng chung mgt Ijch thu gom nhu va gilng ljch cua vung trung tam ( - ngay/lln thu gom) nhy dang thyc hien tgi nhilu djg ban la khong phD hgp, se iam tang chi phi thu gom khong d n thilt K i t qua tren cDng cho thay rang cac thon deu co s i n nguon lyc phyc vu cho vigc thu gom va van chuyen rdc Tgn dyng ngufln tyc se giup tgo viec iam cho nguai dan, giam chi phi thu gom, van chuyin, d l dang nhan dugc su dong thugn cpng dong cDng nhu tranh cgc khuc mac co t h i xay giua ben cung d p djch vy va ben huo'ng djch vy Qua ban d l ty ve, cac thon cung xac dinh so lugng va vi tri cac dilm tap trung rac truac thu gom Cac dilm hen deu nam tren trye dudng chinh nen rlt thuan fign cho xe d i n thu gom va cung thugn tign cho nguai dan de rac khoang each tu cac dilm tap trung rac each nha xa nhlt xom t i i da la 300m Da so cac tham dy vien cDng deu dong y ring dilm hgn chi la nai tgp trung rac tam thdi - gio' de xe d i n lay di Hg cOng chia se rang khflng d n dgt thung hoac xay hgc/bon chDa tgi cac diem vl thDng rac co t h i bj m i t cap, b i n chua c6 t h i tao nen ty diem rac ty phat khong kiem soat dugc 2.3 D l xuat giai phdp quan ly rae sinh hogt tgi dja ban nghien cuu Theo k i t qua nghien cuu, chung tdi d l xult giai phap quan ly rac thai sinh hoat tgi dja ban xa Blnh Tan nhu sau: - Ve each thuc to chue: Dan vj djch vy chi cung d p djch vu chc cac cflng dong CO nhu d u D i l m tgp k i t rac tai th6n se theo de xult cua cgng ding Rac thDc an thDa, phy phim nong nghiep va rac vuan se cgng dong ty x u ly theo each hign tai, cac logi rac khae se dugc dan vj djch vy thu gom va xu ly - Nguon lyc: Cflng dong se t l chDc thu gom va van chuyin rac tgi trgm trung chuyen rac Tuy nhien, Nha nude va dan vj djch vu c i n hfl trg ve mgt thilt bj lao dgng cho cac ca nhan tham gia vao cong viec Dan vj djch vu vg sinh moi trudng se van chuyin rac tdi nai xu ly hoac bai rae Gia djch vy: Tuy tung cgng ding, gia djch vy se ap theo gia Nha nudc hogc gia thuang lugng giua cpng dong vai dgn vj cung cap dich vu Gia se tinh theo lugng rac thai bo Tuy nhien, tac gia cung xin nhac Igi rang kit qua chf la ca sa ban dau d l c6 mgt cai nhin t i n g quat v l van d l cung nhu film nang cua cpng a l n g nghifln cuu, dong thdi tgo tinh sd huu cua cflng ding D l co mfl hinh quan ly phD hgp cho cgng ding, can co them nhyng thao TAP C H l KHOA HQC XA HQI so (191) 2014 ludn t i l p theo gitra toan the cOng dong nguin Igc dan cOng nhu sg phii va don vj cung cap dich vg ket hgp eua cdc ben lien quan Ddng thdi, KET LUAN cgng d i n g tham gia tieh cgc cOng gdp Nghien cuu Id ggi y- ban dau cho vipc thiet k l va xay dgng he thing quan Iy rdc thai tgi cac vung ndng thdn Nghien euu cung da ehi hipu qua cua vipc n i m bat phin giam dp Igc cho dgn vi cung d p djch vu ve sinh mdi tnj'dng, giam lugng rde thai d n x d ly va tgo cdng dn vipe Idm cho ngudi ddn- nhu c l u vd Idi keo s g tham gia cua Nghien cuu tren chi Id ggi y gidi phdp ngudi dan t u giai dogn dau De cho nhung dia bdn vung ndng thdn hipn viee to chue he thong quan Iy rac thai ehua cd djch vu thu gom rdc sinh hoat • sinh hogt duge hipu qua r l t d n cde CHL) THiCH ''* Ngyo'i ddn xa Binh Tan sir dyng bao cam de dyng rac hang tuan hp dot hoac bo T A I L i e u TRlCH D A N Gillis, A., & Jackson, W 2002 Research Methods for Nurses: Methods and Interpretation Philadelphia: F.A Davis Company Minkler, Meredith and Nina Wallerstein 2003 Community - Based Participatory for Health San Francisco, CA: Jossey - Bass Inc Research So lipu khao sat tir Chu-ang trinh Vg sinh mdi trw&ng ndng thdn tinh Binh Djnh 2011 S d K l hopch vd Dau t y tinh Binh Djnh {Tiep theo trang 51) WGAY VA VAN HOA DO THOI GIAN Dinh Gia Khdnh 2000 Tdng tgp van hgc Viet Nam tap 16 Hd Ngi: Nxb Khoa hpc Xd hpi Holford, L-Strevens 2005 The History of Time- A Very Short Introduction Lodon; Oxford Le Quy Ddn 1995 Van ddi loai ngw Hd Ngi: Nxb Vdn hoa Thong tin Nguyin D y 2006 Khai lgi dong xwa Ha Ngi: Nxb Lao Dgng NguySn Hodng Mai 2007 Thuat ngu' van hda phong tuc - tin ngwang - li hdi, Ludn vdn Thgc sT, Trudng Dpi hpc Khoa hge Xa hgi va Nhdn vdn TPHCM Nguyin Thj Hpnh 2012 Cdi trdng dw&i gdc nhin van hda hgc Luan vdn Thgc sT, Tru-dng Dgi hpc Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nhan vdn TPHCM Nguyen Van Minh 2010 Vigt ngw tinh nghTa tie diin Ha Ngi: Nxb T u dien Bdch khoa ... quan ly rde thai sinh hogt eho dja bdn can luu y ddc dilm tren nhim giup tri thdi quen tot ndy eua cgng dong de gidm thieu lugng rdc thai tgi nguin 2.1 Hign trgng quan 1^ rdc thai sinh hopt tgi... soat dugc 2.3 D l xuat giai phdp quan ly rae sinh hogt tgi dja ban nghien cuu Theo k i t qua nghien cuu, chung tdi d l xult giai phap quan ly rac thai sinh hoat tgi dja ban xa Blnh Tan nhu sau:... bdn vung ndng thdn hipn viee to chue he thong quan Iy rac thai ehua cd djch vu thu gom rdc sinh hoat • sinh hogt duge hipu qua r l t d n cde CHL) THiCH ''''* Ngyo''i ddn xa Binh Tan sir dyng bao cam