Tap chi Cong nghe Sinh hgc 11(3) 417 424, 2013 BAI TONG QUAN K H A N A N G H A P T H U K I M L O A I N A N G C U A V I S I N H V A T H i E U Kf f l Nghiem Ngoc Minh, Lfe Thi Nhi C6ng Vien Cong nghe si[.]
Tap chi Cong nghe Sinh hgc 11(3): 417-424, 2013 BAI TONG QUAN K H A N A N G H A P T H U K I M L O A I N A N G CUA VI SINH VAT H i E U Kffl Nghiem Ngoc Minh, Lfe Thi Nhi C6ng Vien Cong nghe sinh hoc, Vien Hdn idm Khoa hgc v ' Cong nghe Viet Nam TOM TAT Hien nay, nhiem moi trucmg noi chung va nhiem kim loai nang noi rieng dang gay nhimg hau qua nghiem doi voi cac khu he sinh thai va sue khoe cgng dong tren toan cau Viec loai bo kim loai nang &k va nuoc cac nha may cong nghiep, cac lang ngh6, cac khu khai thac mo,., luon la thach thiic lon d6i vol cac nha khoa hoc Trong so cac phuang phap xu Iy o nhiem kim loai nSng duoc dua ra, phuang phap xii ly biing cong nghe smh hgc dugc xem la giai phap phii hop dk lam sach moi trucmg da duac nhiSu nuac tren th6 gioi ap dung Day duac xem ta phuang phap phu hop voi cac nuac dang phat tnen nhu Viet Nam vi don gian, gia thap va than thien vcri moi trircmg Bai long quan se tap trung vao mot so ca che chuyen hoa va hip thu kim loai nang nho cac nhom vi smh vat hieu nhu vi tao, vi khuan, nam moc va nam men Nam dugc cac ca che se la tien de cho cac nha khoa hoc co cac phuang thiic thich hop de img dung cac nhom vi smh cu the vao chuyen boa va hap thu tirng nhom kim loai nang TH-khoa hdp thu smh hoc, kim loai nang nam men, ndm moc, \'i khuc'm, vi ido MO DAU nhilm kim loai nang hien dang la mot van dS ihoi su gay nh&ng tac dgng khong nho toi cac khu he sinh ihai, toi siic khoe cong dong va dang dugc cac nha khoa hoc, cong nghe quan tam tim huang xd' ly Khong gidng nhu cac hgp chat hQu co khac kim loai nang duo'c ton tai ben vOng moi truang va rat kho phan hiiy Mac dii, co mgl so nguyen to nhu Fe, Cu Ni, Co, va Zn co moi lien quan mat thiel doi voi sinh trucmg va phat tnen ciia sinh vat; song ham luo'ng cac kim loai qua cao moi truong song se gay nhCrng anh buong lieu cue toi cac co the Mat khac, co mgt s6 kim loai nhu As, Pb va Hg lai dugc xem la khong can thiet doi voi cac sinh vat Nguoi ta cQng chua chirng minh duoc cbiic nang sinh hoa cua cac kim loai cac xk bao, chdng co the thay the hoac c^nh tranh vai cac kim loai can thiel khac co te bao, do dan den nguy hiem cho le bao o nting dp th3p nhat (Jjemba, 2004) Khi mot truong bi nhiem kim loai nang, cac sinh vgt song se bi anh huong nghiem vi cac ly sau: (i) su thay doi ciia hinh that cac phan tir sinh hpc, do se anh huong ten hinb dang nguyen ven ciia toan bg cac tk bao ho^c cau triic mang te bao; (u) str can bing ve tinh tham giii'a le bao chat va moi truang xung quanh nai te bao sinh song se bj thay d6i (in) Cac chirc nSng enzyme se bi pha hiiy cac nhom chiic nang ciia chiing da bi ngan chan hoac co the la cac chat trao doi can thiel cua te bao bi cac ion kim loai canh tranh vi tri gan, hoac cac ion can thiel te bao bi cac ion kim loai thay the, dan den cau true va chirc nang cHa enzyme bi thay doi (Das e?fl/ 2008) Vi vay, viec loai bo kim loai nang Irong dat va nuac a cac nha may cong nghiep, cac lang nghe, cac khu khai thac mo, luon la thach thirc lon doi voi cac nha khoa hgc Tren the giai, rat nhieu phuang phap khac da duoc sir dung de loai bo kim loai nang, chang han nhu kel tua bay bat dien boa, trao doi ion, su dung mang loc Tuy nhien cac phuong phap thuong chi phi cao, khong loai bo triet de kim loai nang khoi cac vi tri bi nbiem tao cac loai biin doc bai ban moi trucmg Phuong phap hap thu smh hgc dupc xem la buoc lien ve cong nghe stnh hgc vol cac uu diem nhu gia re, de sir dung va an loan cho moi trucmg Phan lon cac nghien ciru ve hap thu sinh hpc da dugc lien hanh tren cac doi tuong la vi sinh vat, chang han nhu VI khuan vi tao, nam moc va nam men (Vails, de Lorenzo, 2002; Monteiro, Castro, 2012; Fomina, Gadd, 2002) CO CHE HAP T H g SINH HOC KIM LOAI NANG Ca che hap thu sinh hgc (HTSH) kim loai nang Nghiem Ngoc Minh & Le Thi Nhi Cong la mpt qua trinh phirc tap Cac yen to nhu trang thai le bao (song hay khong song), dac tinh hoa hpc ciia dung moi kim loai, dieu kien moi truong, deu anh huang toi co che Su HTSH kim loai nang u te bao song gom ca che: Ca che hap ihu thu dgng va CO che hap thu chu dong O co che dau lien, cac ion kim loai dugc hap phu len be mat te bao nha su hinh luong lac giira kira loai va cac nhom chirc nang c6 gan tren be mat te bao (Hinh 1) Tren te bao CO rat nhieu dang polysaccharide va protein, vi vay se tao nhieu vj tri boat dgng co the gan cac ion kim ioai Sir khac phan te bao giira cac nhom vi sinh vat nhu vi tao, vi khuan, vi khuan lam va nam moc tao nhiing khac quan ve loai hinh va so lugng ion kim loai gan vao cac VI sinh vat Thanh te bao cua vi tao co phan chinh la cellulose Cac nhom co the gan vao tao la cac carboxylate, amin, imidazole, phosphate sulfhydryl, sulfate va hydroxyl Trong so nay, amin va imidazole mang cue duang va co the tao tuong tac am vcri cac phiic he kim loai (Kralchovil, Volesky 1998) Thanh ta bao cua vi khuin thuang la peptidoglycan, kiem tra chiing E coh K12, nguoi la thay rang peptidoglycan co the gan ven mpt so nhom kim loai (Wang el ai, 2000) Thanh te bao ciia nam m6c co chira chilin va chitosan, nha vay co the gan VOI cac ion kim loai rieng re Trong qua trinh HTSH thu dpng, buac dau tien la sir trao doi chat dien dpc lap va nhanh chong, liiy thupc vao timg loai kim loai; sau dien cac co che gan lien liep nhu sau: phoi hap, tao phirc hop, trao doi ion hap phu vat ly hoac vi lang chat vo ca Cac ion kim ioai gan tren be mat co the bi tach bdi cac ion khac hoac boi cac tac nhan nhu cac acid Trong co che thtt hai, CO che HTSH chti dgng, cac ion kim loai tham nhap qua mang te bao va lien thang vao te bao chal Protein gan kirr MPOj Hinh Co che hap thu smh hoc kim loai cCia vi smh vat Cac ion kim Joai dLfcyc hSp phu len be mat te bao nho s\y hinh tuong tac giua kim loai va cac nhom chCrc nang co gan tren bg mat tg bao cac dang polysaccharitje va protein co mat tren te bao se lao nhiSu vi tri hoat dgng co the g§n cac ion kim loai (M metal, kim lo?i) Doi vai cac le bao khong song, su HTSH chii yeu dien qua ca che thu dong Khi nghien cuu su HTSH Cr (VI) va Fe (III) a cac chimg Streptococcus equisimihs, Saccharomyces cerevisiae va Aspergillus niger, Goyal va dong tac gia (2003) da khang dmh rang su hap thu kim loai vi stnh vat diln qua hai qua trinh: hap thu thu dpng (thuang dien nhanh chong) va hap thu chii dpng (dien cham hon) Qua trinh dau dupc xem la hap thu vat ly hoac trao doi ion qua be mat le bao va thuang dat dupc sir can bang hap phu vong 30 - 40 phiil Do do, co chk khong phu thupc vao nang luong ma thuong nha cac nhom chirc nang boa hpc hoac cac nhom co tren be mat te bao va te bao Trong do, co che chli dpng lai phu ihupc va co hen quan mat thiel toi qua trinh van chuyen kim loat va thuong phu ihugc vao nang lugng K H A N A N G CHUYEN HOA KIM LOAI CUA VI SINH VAT Montero va Castro (2012) da long kit kha nSng chuyen hoa kim loai nang ciia mot so nhom vi stnh vat nhu sau (Bang 1) Tgp chi Cong nghe Sinh hoc 11(3): 417-424, 2013 Bang Kha nang chuyen hoa kim lo^i n | n g ciJa mpt s6 nh6m vi smh vat Sinh vat hap thu Nong ban dau (mg/L) ' Nong tot da c6 the loai bo (mg/g) Vitdo Spirulina sp Chlorella vulgaris C vulgans Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Scenedesmus obliquus S obliquus l^smodesmus pleiomorphus D pleiomorphus Vi khuan Pseudomonas putida Escherichia coli WS11 E coli Bacillus firmus Bacillus sp Bacillus jeotgah Sphaerolilus natans Pseudomonas sp Bun hoat tinh Ncim moc Rhizopus dele mar Rhizopus arrhizus R arrhizus Phanerochaete Mucor rouxii Penicillium P chrysosporium simplicissimum simplicissimum Pycnoporus 2,000-20 000 100 25-150 20-400 10-75 0,05-1 1-30 0,5-5 389 15,4-28,6 58,4 77,62 36,5 0,4 6,2 1,2 286,2 400 97 0-500 250 200 35 75 28,6 45,37 10,3 418 92.27 16,25 32,7 52 32,7 278 28 10-1000 10-150 495,3 494,6 25-200 22-394 10-500 10 10 200 200 105,1 65,22 50,42 31,71 30,86 65,23 71,36 7,75 8,46 152,6 112.3 52,50 sanguineus Ben canh do, Bini (2010) ciing da long kel duoc cac nhom vi khuan co co kha nang chuyen hoa kim loai (Bang 2) Su* h^p thu sinh hoc kim loai nang ciia vi tao Sir dung lao iam chat hap thu sinh hpc kim loai n^ng dugc xem la mpt phuang phap trien vpng va co hi?u qua kinh te, tao co mot so lpi the han cac sinh v^t khdc Chang ban nhu, tao can it nhu cau dinh duong ban, ngoai ra, bj phii duang, chiing thuang sinh mpt iugng sinh khot khong 16 va khong giong nhu sinh khoi cua cac loai khac nhu vi khuan vii nam moc, tao khong tao cac chat doc h^i Tuong t\r nhu cac sinh vat khac, kha nSng iien ket v6i cac ion kim loai len be mSt te bao ciia tao phy thupc vao cac dieu ki?n khac chSng h^n nhu nhi?l dp, pH, di?n tich ctia ion kim loat, ioai tao va cau tao hoa hoc ctia dung dich chiia kim loai (Das, etai, 2008; Monteiro, Castro, 2012) Gamham va dong lac gia (1992) da lien banh nghien cim kha nang loai bo Zn, Co va Mn cua lao lyc Chlorella salina Ket qua cho thay, a pha bi dgng, su hap thu khong phu thupc vao ca che trao doi chat, anh sang, nhiet bay su co mat ciia cac chat irc che co ban chat la kim loai Con pha chii dpng thi phu thuoc vao su trao doi chat va cac yeu to khong sinh hpc khac Doi vai b m loai nay, su phan lich bo the ciia te bao chi rang mpt so lupng lon kim loai da gSn vol cac phan ben te bao va vai te bao Nguoi ta cung Ihay rang, Irong khong bao, nong dp kim loai cao hon te bao chat He lh6ng h^p thu da kim loai cung dupc De Carvalho va dong lac gta (1995) nghien ciru tren doi tupng la tao nau 419 Nghiem Ngoc Minh & Le Thj Nht Cong Ascophylum nodosum Sii dung cac cap thi nghiem gom hai kim loai nhu (Cu + Zn), (Cu + Cd) hay (Zn -i-Cd) hp da thay rang moi krm Ioai lai tie che su hap thu ciia cac kim loai khac Sir HTSH Cr (VI) hon hop nuoc tao luc Spirogyra cdng da duoc nghien cim Tao nau bien Sargassum sp (ten truoc day la Chromopliyta) da duoc sir dung de hap thu cac ion Cu Cac dieu kien thi nghiem khac nhu pH, toe lac, thoi gian, nhiet dp, cac trang thai can bang khac va nong Cu ban dau deu anh huong loi kha nang hap thu Cu ciia loai tao sp Cac kit qua cho thiy pH anh huong xk lon din kha nang hap thu Cr Kich thuac ciia tao khong anh huang tot t6c va kha nang hip thu Cr Viec loai bo Cr nho tao bien Eclonia da duoc thi nghiem voi dung moi luang cue c6 chiia Ni Toe dp loat bo Cr khong hi anh huang boi su co mat ciia Ni (II) Kiran \ a d6ng lac gia (2006) da cong bo kit qua HTSH Cr (VI) bai chiing tao ban dia Lyngbya putealis (HH15) he thong be vai cac gia tri pH khac tii (2.0 - 10,0) Kit qua cho thiy, 94,8 % Cr da bi loat bo cr pH3, vai nong dp Cr ban dau la 50 mg/l, nhung se giam di 90, % neu moi truong co mat 0.2 % mu6i NaCI Cossich va dong tac gia (2004) da tien hanh nghien ciru kha nang HTSH Cr (III) cua Sargassum Bang Kha nang chuyen hoa kim loai c j\ khuan co Vi sinh vat Bao toan nang luang Khu A s ( V ) 0x1 hoa Fe (II) Khu'Se(VI)vaSe(IV) Khu'Co(lli), Cr(VI), Mn(IV), D6ng hoa kim loai Hap Ihu Mo, W Hap Ihu Mo Hap thu Se arsenaticum Pyrobaculum Pyrobaculum aerophilum Pyrobaculum islandicum Pyrococcus furiosus Ferroplasma Ihermophilum Ferroplasma cupncumulans Ferroplasma acidiphilum Ferroplasma actdarmanus Sulfolobus metallicus Sulfotobus tokodaii Acidianus brierleyi Metaltosphaera spp Euryarchaeota DHVE2 Archaeoglobus fulgidus Pyrococcus furiosus Pyrobaculum islandicum Pyrobaculum aerophilum Pyrobaculum aerophilum Pyrobaculum islandicum Pyrococcus furiosus, M Archaeoglobus fulgidus Methanococcus sp Haloarcula marismortui Su hap thu stnh hoc kim loai nang ciia nam moc Su dung nam moc de loai bo kim loai nang tir lau da duac chirng mmh ia c6 hieu qua va tinh kinh te vi nam moc co cac uu diem nhu cau tnic te bao, te bao chiem li le rat cao nen co kha nang gan kim loai lot Han the nCta, s6 lugng sinh khii nam moc cac nganh cong nghiep san xu5t khang sinh va thuc pham la rat lan Vi vay, ndm moc dugc xem la doi tirgng diing de xir ly kim loai nang 420 acetivorans CO hieu qua va than ihien voi moi truong sinh thai (llhanerfl/., 2004a) Su hap thu kim loai nang boi chung Aureobasidium pullanans va Cladosporium resinae da dupc nghien cim (Gadd, 2008) Viec HTSH kim loai nang dugc dien theo hai pha khac nhau, pha dau la su hap thu theo co che khong phu ihuoc vao te bao ma phu thuoc vao nang lugng Pha sau bi anh huong bdi nhiet dp, su vang mat cua nguon Tgp chi Cong nghe Sinh hgc IK.^i ^ , nang lugng va cac chat irc che trao doi chat Huang va dong tac gia (1988) da nghien ciiu viec ioai bo Cd bai chiing nam moc hai loai hinh nuoi cay: nuoi cay lien luc va nuoi cay theo me Sinh khii phong thi nghiem dugc thu lai va giir a dieu ki?n dong kho Viec hap thu dugc kiem soat boi qua Irinh hap phu nhung khong bi kiem soat boi su kel tua be mat Ca hai dang sinh khoi luoi va sinh khoi dong kho deu c6 kha nang hap thu cac kim loai nhu Cu, Pb, Zn va Co Aspergillus niger cijng co kha nang loai bo cac kim loai nhu Pb, Cd va Cu (Kapoor, Viraraghara, 1995, Kapoor el ai, 1999) Vai tro ctia cac nhom churc n5ng co tren te bao ciia A niger cQng da dugc nghien ciiu Hieu qua lien xu ly va kha nang HTSH kim loai nang ciia chiing Penicillium Icinosacoeruteum da dupc Illhan va dong tac gia (2004a) cong bo Hp thay rang, nhiet dp, NaOH va cac chat nhuom tham gia vao qua trinh tien xii ly c6 anh huang ro rang den kha nang HTSH Pb va Cu Trong do, gluleraldehyde lai lam tang kha nang hap thu Ni Nam 2001, Kogej vit Parko da thong bao ket qua hap thu Pb ciia cbiing Rhizopus nigricans kbi nuoi cay cac moi truong diing de nuoi cay theo me va nuoi cay lien tuc ^ c yvgZ Nam chiing nam moc khac ve hinh thai thupc cac chl Aspergillus va Hirsuiella dugc phan lap tir cac xuong thupc da la nhirng chiing co kha nang chuyen hoa Cr Chi Aspergillus co the bap loai bo Cr lot da dupc nuoi cay a cac dieu kien pH6, nhiet dp 30''C vai su c6 mat cita 0,2% sodium acetate va 0.1% cao nam men (Srivastara, Thakur, 2006) d Viel Nam, nhom tac gia Nguyen Duy Hang (2010) da CO nhirng ket qua buac dau ve kha nang hap thu Asen moi truang nuoc long bang nam Trichoderma Su hap thu sinh hoc kim loai nang ciia vi khuan Da CO rat nhieu nghien ciru ve kha nang dong hoa kim loai nang nuoc thai ciia vi khuan Trong so cac vi khuan Bacillus sp da duac xac dinh la chung co tiem nang viec loai bo kim loai nang va da duoc thuang mai hoa (Soloviera, Entian, 2004) Nhom tac gia ciing da phat hien duoc gene copZ khang Cd co chung B subtihs Gene copZ la gene ma boa cho viing van chuyen Cu cua gene CopA; ca hai gene copZ va copA deu nam tren operon va promoter ciia no dugc dieu boa bin cac ion Cu"* va CueR- day la mpl chal hoal hoa dich ma (Hinh 2) T^ copZ ACopAlO I yvgZ ACopZS copZcopAl |-—\f^™ yvgZ Em' •c)c copZ2 cop A CopZ3 CO subtilis Hinh CAu true di truyen hgcc^cgen CopAlOv Ngoai ra, cac chiing Pseudomonas sp , Zoogloea ramigcra va Strepiomyces sp ciing duoc xem la co kha niing chuyin hoa kim loai tit (Addour et ai, 1999) Ngucii ta cung da \ac dinh kha nang hap thu Cd va Pb ciia vi khuan lia khong luu huynh Rhodobacier sphaeroides va vi khuan sinh hydro Alcaligenes eutroplus 1116 (Seki etal, 1998) Ilhan va dong tac gia (2004b) da cong bo ket qua loai bo Cr, Ph va Cu nuoc thai cong nghi?p ciia chiing Staphylococcus saprophylicus Gia In pH toi uu cho viec HTSH Cr, Pb va Cu luong img la 2,0; 4,5 va 3,5 Cac yeu to anh hucmg lm kha nang HTSH Cr, Cd va Cu nhu pH, nong dp kim loai ban dau va thai gian tiep xiic da duoc Ozdemir va dong tac gia (2004) nghien cim Ho thay rang chimg,vi khuan Gram am Pantoea TEM 18 dupc phan l^p tir nuac thai khu cong nghiep dau co kha nang chju nong dp Cu rat cao Nam 2005, Rabbani va dong lac gia 42! Nghiem Ngoc Mmh & Le Thi Nhi Cong da thong bao ket qua HTSH Cr (III) cua 17 chiing phan lap tir cac suoi nuac am cua Iran Mpt chimg vi khuan Gram ducmg hinh cau CNRC-BT2 dugc chimg minh la c6 kba nang hap thu Cr (111) rat tot Pepi va dong tac gia (2007) da phan lap lir ho Orbelello dugc 10 chiing vi khuan ihupc cac chi Bacillus, Pseudomonas va Aeromonas c6 kha nang loai bo As (V) va As (III) Nong dp gay chet toi thieu ciia As (III) va As (V) cua cac chiing lan lugt la 13,38 mmol/1 va 133,47 mmol/1 Truac Mateos va dong tac gia (2006) ciing da tim cac chting Corynebcicieriitm glulamicum c6 kha nang sinh trucmg nong As tir 12 den 400 mmol/1 va chiing da dugc iing dung cong Irong cac qui trinh xu ly nuoc thai cong nghiep bi nhiem As Cac lac gia Silver va Phung (2005) da chung minh dugc gene arr sinb arsenate reductase la chat nhan dien lit dieu kien ho hap ki va gene aso sinh arsenite oxidase la chat cho dien tti ban dau dieu kien hieu Nha do, cac vi sinh vat co the sinh truong duoc moi truang bi nhiem Asen Su' h a p thu sinh hpc kim loai nang ciia nam men Saccharomyces cerevisiae dugc xem la chiing nam men co tiem nang HTSH kim loat nang va da dugc ihuong mai hoa S cerevisiae sinh truang tot nhat khoang nhiet dp 27-33''C pH 4,5-5,5; chiing co kha nang chiu con, chm man va chm dupc pH thap nen nuoi cay mot trudng acid manh co the giam kha nang nhiem vi khuan la Tac dong doc hai ciia kim loai nang den ca the sinh vat giam theo trat tu Hg > Cd > Cu > Ni > Zn > Pb (ZeliC(V(;/,2001) Su hap thu kim loai nang S cerevisiae dien ca te bao song va khong song Qua trinh hap thu Cu Zn, Pb a le bao chiing dugc giai thich nhu sau: truoc tien Cu se tham gia vao qua trinh tong hcTp metalio thionein, sau chat se bao quanh kim loai va bao ve te bao khoi dgc linh ciia cac kim loai nang Trong te bao S cerevisiae, sir lich liiy Zn la Zn kich thich su hinb hen kel acetaldehyde voi alcohol dehydrogenase Kem thtic day su long hpp nhan bao, thieu kem se kim ham sir phat trien cua le bao Cu va Zn co vai tro tham gia vao cau trUc ciia Cu, Zn-peoxit dismutase, day la enzyme dam nhiem \ai tro khii dgc ciia te bao nam men Bakkaloglu va dong tac gia (1998) da so sanh ket qua ciia S cerevisiae voi cac vi sinh vat khac bao gom VI khuan (5 rimosu), ndm m i c {P (/in siigenuni) biin boat tinh va tao bien (P 422 vericulosus va A nodosum) ve kha nang loai bo Zn, Cu va Ni Kit qua cho thdy S cerevisiae da cho hieu qua HTSH t i t nhdt Vianna va d i n g lac gia (2000) da nghien ciiu kha nang HTSH Cu, Cd va Zn cua chiing B lentils, A oryzae va S cerevisiae Ket qua cho ihdy chimg B lentus HTSH Cu va Cd lit hon A oryzae va S cerevisiae Donmez va Aksu (1999) nghien ciru kha nang dong hoa Cu ciia cac chimg S cerevisiae, Kluyceromyces marxianus, Schizo.saccharomyces pombe va Candida sp Hp thay ring, kha nang HTSH Cu lan lugt nhu sau' S cerevisiae (7,11) > K marxianus (6,44) > Candida sp (4,80) > pombe (1,27) Tuy nhien, cac ket qua ciing chi rang Candida sp va K marxianus co kha nang chong chiu va dong hoa Cu lot ban S cerevisiae va pombe dugc thi nghiem vai nong dp Cu cao hon d Viet Nam, nhom tac gia Nguyen Thj Ha (2007) Cling da lien hanh nghien ciru kha nang hap thu mgl so kim loai nang nhu Cu"*, Pb"*^, Zn"* nuac ciia chiing nam men S cerevisiae Kel qua cho thay, sau gid qua Irinh hap thu cac kim loai bat dau dugc dien va kha nang hap thu theo tbu lu nhu sau' Pb'* > Cu'"^ > Zn^"^ Vai nong ban dau la 50mg/l, sau 48 gid nong ciia P b ' \ Cu"* va Zn"' dich giam xuong 2,8; 37,5 va 39,5mg/l Dang Dinh Kim (2003) da cong bo nhieu ket qua xir ly kim loai nang nudc thai bang vi tao Bang each sti dung vi tao, ham luong kim loai co nuoc thai da giam di mot each rd ret Nhom tac gta Lai Thiiy Hien (2004) cQng co nhieu cong trinh nghien ciiu ve vi khuan chuyen hda kim loai nang nudc thai lang nghe ca Cac tac gia d5 cho thay hieu qua cao ciia viec irng dung cac nhom VI sinh vat chuyen hoa cung nhu hap thu kim loai nang Day dugc xem la phuong thirc vira than thien vdi mdi trudng vira cd gta ihanh thap Nhu vay, d nudc ta hien nay, so cac phuang phap dang dugc sir dung de loai bo kim loai nang, cac bien phap sinh hpc, sinh hoa hpc dugc xem la cd hieu qua cao, chi phi thap, de thuc hten, an loan cho mdi trudng, giam iugng biin that can phai xii ly tiep theo, Tuy nhien de cd the giai quyet iriet de van de nhiem mdi trudng d cac khu khai thac md; khu cdng nghiep va tai cac lang nghe can phai cd nhirng nghien cuu sau ban ve mat cdng nghe va can cd sy ket hgp lien nganh KET LUAN Cling vdi toe dp phal Inen nhanh chong ciia cac boat dpng khai thac md; hoat dgng cong nghiep nhu Tgp chi Cdng nghe Sinh hgc 11(3): 417-424, 2013 ma, luyen kim, thupc da; boat dong san xudt va lai che kim loai nang tai cac lang nghe nudc ta, nhiem kim loai nang dang la vdn d l dugc quan tam nghien ciru Nudc that va chat thai ciia cac qua trinh neu khdng dugc xir ly hoac xir iy chua met d l nhung lai dugc xa ao, hd, ngam xudng nudc ngam se gay nhung anh hudng khong nho cho ngudi, vat nuoi va cay Hon the nira, tir nhiing ca sd khoa hoc da dupc de cap den d tren, chiing ta cd the thay rang su dung vi sinh vat hieu cd kha nang hap tbu va chuyen boa kim loai nang dang la bien phap sinh hoc dugc nhieu nha khoa hoc nudc va tren the gidi quan tam ap dung T A I L I E U THAM K H A O Addour L, Belhocine D, Boudries N, Comeau Y, et ai, (1999) Zinc uptake by Strepiomyces nmosus biomass usmg a packed-bed column J Chem Tech Biotechnoi IA 1089-1095 Bakkaloglu I, Butter TJ, Erison LM, Holland FS, Hancock IC (1998) Screening of various types of biomass for removal and recovery of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni) by biosorption, sedimentation and desorption Wai Sci Tech 38: 269-277 Bmi E (2010) Archaeal transformation of metals m the environment FEMS Microbiol Ecol 73 1-16 Cossich ES, Tavares CRG, Ravagnani TMK (2004) Biosorption of chromium (III) by Sargas.sum sp biomass, Elec J Biotechnol 5.1-6 Das N, Vimala R, Karthika P (2008) Biosorption of heavy metals - an overview Ind J Biotechnol 159-169 De Carvalho RP, Chong KH, Volesky B (1995) Evaluation of the Cd, Cu and Zn biosorption in two-metal systems usmg an algal biosorbent Bioieclmol Prog 11 39-44 Donmez G Aksu (1999) The effeci of copper (II) ions on growth and bioaccumulation properties yeasts Proc Biochem 35-\35-\42 Gamham GW, Codd GA Gadd GM (1992) KineUcs of uptake and intracellular location of cobalt, manganese and zinc in the estuanne green alga Chlorella salma Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 37 n(y-TI6Goyal N, Jain SC, Banei]ee UC (2003) Comparative studies on the adsorption of heavy meials Adv Eiivironl Res7.3\\-3\9 Huang CP, Westman D, Quirk K, Huang JP (1988) The removal of cadmium (II) from dilute solutions by Hingal biomass, Wat Sci Tech 20 369-376 Ilhan S, Cabuk A, Filik C, Caliskan (2004a) Effect of pretreatment on biosorption of heavy metals using flingal biomass Trakya Uiuv J Sci 511-17 Ilhan S, Noubakhsh MN, Kilicarslan S, Ozdag H (2004b) Removal of chromium, lead and copper ions from industnal waste water by Sirepiococciis saprophyticiis Turk Elec J Biotechnol •>0 57 Jjemba PK (2004) Interachon of metals and metalloids with microorganisms in the environment (Chapter 12) In: Jjemba PK, editor Environment-il Microbiology— Principles and Applications New Hampshire Science Publishers; 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E-mail: ni!hiemmiiih@ibt.a ... dang polysaccharide va protein, vi vay se tao nhieu vj tri boat dgng co the gan cac ion kim ioai Sir khac phan te bao giira cac nhom vi sinh vat nhu vi tao, vi khuan, vi khuan lam va nam moc tao... da long kel duoc cac nhom vi khuan co co kha nang chuyen hoa kim loai (Bang 2) Su* h^p thu sinh hoc kim loai nang ciia vi tao Sir dung lao iam chat hap thu sinh hpc kim loai n^ng dugc xem la... chuyen kim loat va thuong phu ihugc vao nang lugng K H A N A N G CHUYEN HOA KIM LOAI CUA VI SINH VAT Montero va Castro (2012) da long kit kha nSng chuyen hoa kim loai nang ciia mot so nhom vi stnh