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Tgp chi Khoa hge Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A Khoa hoe Tu nhiin, Cong nghi vd Moi trudng 25 (2013) • 52 58 Tap chf Khoa hpc Dai hpc Can Thtf website sj ctu edu vn H l f u SUAT XlT LY COD, TONG DAM, T[.]
Tgp chi Khoa hge Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A Khoa hoe Tu nhiin, Cong nghi vd Moi trudng: 25 (201 Tap chf Khoa hpc - Dai hpc Can Thtf website: sj.ctu.edu.vn H l f u SUAT XlT LY COD, TONG DAM, TONG LAN CUA HE THONG XU* LY NU'dC THAI TAI CONG TY TNHH XUAT NII^P KHAU THUY SAN CAN THO Biii Thi Nga', Nguyin Thi Thiiy", Huynh Vuong Tbu Minh' vaHd Nguyet Hdng" ' Khoa Moi Trudng vd Tdi nguyen Thien nhien, Trudng Dai hgc Cdn Tha ^ Hgc vien Cao hoc Khoa hoc Moi trudng, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Thdng tin chung: Ngay nhgn: 11/10/2012 Ngdy chdp nhgn: 25/03/2013 Title: The treatment efficiencies of COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of the wastewater treatment system in CanTho Fishery Import Export Limited Company Tirkhda: COD, hieu sudt xu ly, nude thai, tdi ludng nhiem, tdng dgm, long ldn Keywords: COD total nitrogen, total phosphorus, the treatment efficiency, wastewater ABSTRACT The study "Treatment efficiencies of COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of the wastewater treatment system in CanTho Fishery Import Export Limited Company" has been conducted lo assess the treatment efficiencies of the treatment system Results showed that the treatment efficiency of COD of the system was in the range of 95 - 97yo equivalent to theoretical efficiency from 95 to 98%; The treatment efficiency of TN fluctuated from 53 to 71% that is lower in comparison to the theoretical efficiency with the range of 75 - 84%; The treatment efficiency of TP fluctuated in range of 51 to 73% lower than the theoretical efficiency (84 90%) The treated COD and TN concentrations exceeded from 1.06 to 2.55 and 1.7 to 2.54 times of National technidal regulations on industrial waste water processing seafood (QCVNl 1:2008/BTNMT-Colume A) The concentration ofTP overedfrom 4.1 to 17 limes (QCVN 40:2012/BTNMTColume A) Therefore, there should be measures increasing the treatment efficiency of the wastewater treatment system TOM TAT Di tdi "Hieu sudt xir ly COD, tong dam, long ldn ciia h? thong xir ly nude thai tai Cdng ty TNHH xudt nhap khdu thiiy sdn Cdn Tha" dugc thuc hien nhdm ddnh gid hieu sudt xir ly COD, long dgm (TN) long ldn (TP) cua he thdng xu ly nude thdi Kit qua nghien cuu cho thdy, hieu sudt xir ly COD cua he thdng dao dgng khodng 95 - 97% tuang ducmg vdi hieu sudt ly thuyet Id 95 - 98%; Hieu sudt xir ly TN ciia he thdng Id dao dgng khodng 53—71% thdp han so vdi hieu sudt ly thuyit la 75 - 84% Hieu sudt xir ly TP vdi gid ti-i dao dgng tir 51 — 73% thdp hem hieu sudt ly thiiyet (84 90%) Ndng COD vd TN sau xir ly so vdi QCVN ll:2008/BTNMT-logi A diu vugt quy chudn ldn lugl tu 1,06- 2,55 ldn vd 1,7 — 2,54 ldn Trong klii gid tri TP so vdi QCVN40:2011/BTNAdT-loai A vual lir 4.1 - 17 ldn Do dd, cdn cd bien phdp tdng hieu sudt xir ly nuac thai ciia he thdng tgi Cdng ty GldlTHlfU Ngdnh che bien thiiy san d Viet Nam khdng ngims phdt trien vdi gid tri kim ngach xudt khdu thuy san dat 4,5 ty USD nam 2008 lang 20% so vdi nam 2007 (Bao eao ngdnh thuy sdn Viet Nam, 2009) Hien nay, Iugng nude thdi Tgp chl Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A Khoa hge Tu nhien Cong nghe vd Mdi tru&ng: 25 (2013): 52-58 sinh tir linh vuc che bien thuy sdn khd Idn, cu the nhu tdng lugng nude diai tu cac Khu cdng nghiep (KCN) d Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long (DBSCL) la 13.700 m^/ngay, Cdn Tho chiem 11.300 mVngay (Bd Tai nguyen Mdi Trudng, 2009) Theo quy dinh ciia nha nude, cac doanh nghiep san xuat phdi cd he thdng xu ly nude thdi dat quy chudn Viet Nam (QCVN) Do vay, nhieu doanh nghiep da xdy dung he thdng xu ly nude thai, nhien viec vdn hdnh he thdng khdng hieu qud da dan d^n linh trang nude thdi mdi trudng cd mgt so ehi lieu vugt QCVN, ddc biet la COD, tdng dam va tdng lan Theo nghien eiiu ciia Biii Thi Nga va ctv (2008) cho thdy nude thdi tai KCN Trd Ndc ed ham lugng chdt rdn lo lung vugt QCVN tir 2-53 ldn, chdt hiiu co vugt tir 5-6 ldn, coliform vugt tu 48 liin (QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT); didu ndy da lam gia tdng miic dg d nhiem mdi trudng tren cdc sdng, rach va dnh hudng nghiem trgng den qud trinh nudi trdng thiiy san, sinh bo^t cua cgng ddng dan cu tai chd vd Idn can Thanh phd Cdn Tha cd 08 Khu cdng nghiep, dac biet la KCN Trd Ndc I cd dien tich 135 vdi 115 tdng so doanh nghidp boat ddng va khoang 26 doanh nghiep cd phat sinh nude thai, dd, 25 doanh nghiep dd cd he thong xii ly nude thdi (Ban qudn ly cac khu cdng nghiep phd Can Tho, 2010) Thgc td cho thdy, hi?u suat xir ly cac chdt gay d nhilm cua he thong xii Iy nude thdi chua dugc quan tdm diing miie Khdo sat tgi cdc cdng ty eh^ bi£n thuy san tgi khu cdng nghiep Tra ndc I cho thay, chua cd nghien ciiu ve hieu suat xu ly thuc te cua he thdng xii ly nude thai Do vay dl tai "Dawft gid hieu sudt xtr ly COD, tong dgm tong ldn ciia he thong xic ly mrdc thdi lgi Cong ty TNHH xudt nhdp khdu thuy sdn Cdn Tha" dugc thue hien vdi muc tieu: (i) xdc dinh nong COD, TN, TP Nucfcthai t^i cong ty SCR B4 dieu l\ru CO vai tro la hi lang so cap nude didi trudc va sau xiir ly theo vu san xuSt chinh va phu; (ii) darJi gia hieu sudt xii 1^ COD, TN, TP cua he thdng xu ly PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1 Tbdi gian va dia diem nghieo cu-u - Thdi gian: nghien cuu dugc thuc hien tir thang 10 ndm 2010 din thang 11 nam 2011 - Dia dilm: Cdng ty TNHH xuat nh§p khau Thuy sdn Cdn Tha (Cafish) Ld KCN Tra Ndc 1- phudng Trd Ndc - qudn Binh Thiiy thdnh phd Cdn Tho 2.2 Phinnig tien nghien cuu Dung eu vd thilt bi dung thu mlu va phdn tfch: Chai nhua, chai thuy tinh mdu tii, thiing trir mau, ong dong, dng nghiem, cdc thiiy tinh, binh tam giac, pipet lu dgng, tu sdy, can, mdy lde, may so mdu, bIp dun, luu toe kl, va ede hda chdt cdn thilt nghien ciiu 2.3 Phuang phap nghien ciru 2.3.1 Chuky thu mdu De danh gid hidu sudt xir ly vd n6ng dO ddu cua he thong moi vu sdn xudt, mlu dugc Ihu lien tuc ngdy ; moi thu mau nude trudc dugc xir Iy (vi tri sd 1, Hinh I) va sau xu Iy (vi trf sd 2, Hinh 1) vao thdi diem ddc tnmg eho cac ca san xuat cda cdng ty ( ca sdn xuat it vao liic gid va 12 gid va ca sdn xudt nhilu vao liic gid vd 15 gid) Theo thiet ke he thdng xir I^ nude thdi eiia nha mdy ed cdng sudt 500 m^/ngdy nude thdi sau xu ly dat quy chuan I1:2008/BTNMT Loai A, trudc thai sdng Hdu Be dieu hoa xu ly sinh hpc 1^ - hi*u B6 lang thij cap Be \Ai\t trung Be khu nito, photpho Hinh 1: Vi Tri thu mau ddu vdo va dau ciia hf thing TLXX ly nuac thai tai Cong ty Cafish i •/ Iri s6 I: VI tri thu mdu ddu vdo: I'/ Iri s6 2: vi tri thu mau ddu Tap chi Khoa hge Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A Khoa hgc Tif nhiin, Cong nghe vd Moi Iru&ng: 25 (2013): 52-58 2.3.2 Phucmgphdp thu, bdo qudn vdphdn tich mdu - Phuang phap thu mau nude: chai thu mau 6uac rua sach trudc thu mau bdng acid sulfuric loang 2% Trudc ldy mdu phdi trang chai, binh Idn bang chfnh nude cdn ldy dl phan tfch - Phuong phap bdo qudn mau: mdu sau thu dugc trii lanh vd dem vl phdng thf nghiem Phuong phap phan lich: mau dugc phan Ifch lai phdng thf nghiem Bg mdn Khoa hge mdi trudng, Khoa Mdi trudng vd Tdi nguyen Thien Nhidn, Dai hgc Cdn Tha Quy trinh phdn tich dugc thire hien theo hudng ddn ciia Phuang phdp chudn phdn tfch mdu nude va nude thai (AWWA-APHA, 2000) nguon nude tilp nhan dugc tfnh dua vao cdng thij-c sau: Cmax=CxKqXKf Trong do: Cn^ Id ndng tdi da eho phep eua thdng sd d nhilm nude thai cdng nghiep che bien thuy san thai vao ngudn nude tiep nhan nude thdi, don vi linh (mg/L) C la gia tri ndng cua thdng sd d nhilm Kq la he sd luu lugng hay dung tt'ch ngudn nude tiep nhan nude thdi Kf la he sd luu iugng ngudn thai 2.6 Xu* ly sd lieu Phep thii T-Tesl (SPSS 13) dugc sd du n g d l ddnh gid hieu sudt xd Iy gi&a vu sdn xudt ehinh va vu sdn xudt phu 2.4 Xac dinh hieu suat x u ly cua he thong xirly K E T QUA VA THAO LUAN Hidu sudt xd cdng thiic : He thdng xii ly nude thai ciia cdng ty ed be dieu lun, nude thai dugc dua vdo hB thdng xCr Iy bang mdt hd thdng bom lu dong khoang 45 phiit bam mdt l^n ndn lugng nude thai dugc dua vao he thdng tuang ddi dn dinh Vi v^y, hieu sudt xu iy eiia cdng ty duge danh gia dua tren ndng cdc chdt gdy d nhiem trudc va sau xdr l;y Kit qua phdn tich ndng ddu vdo ddu eua COD, TN, TP qua vu san xuat tai cdng ly dugc trinh bay chi liet Bang 1: H(%)= Iy dugc xdc dinh theo n -Cl Cl xIOO Trong dd: (1) H - Hieu suit xir ly nude thdi (%); (ii) C I - (kg/h) ndng chat d nhiem nude thdi trudc xd Iy; (iii) C2- (kg/h)) ndng chdt d nhilm nude thai sau xii ly 2.5 Danh gia chat lirgng nird^c dau so vdi Qui chuan Viet Nam Danh gid chdt lugng nude ddu bang cdch so sdnh cac gia tri eua thdng sd COD, tdng dam vdi QCVN 11:2008/BTNMT (Quy chuan ky thudt qude gia ve nude thai cdng nghiep che biln thiiy sdn, dugc ban hanh theo Quyet dinh sd 16/2008/QD-BTNMT 31 thdng 12 ndm 2008 cua Bg trudng Bg Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng); chi lieu tdng ldn so vdi QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (quy chudn ky diu^t qude gia vl nude thai cdng nghiep, dugc ban hdnh theo thdng tu sd 47/20n/tT-BTNMT ban hanh 28 thang 12 nam 2011) Theo hudng ddn dp dung cua Quy chuan, gia In toi da cho phep ciia cdc thdng sd d nhiem nude thai cdng nghiep thai vao 3.1 Hi£u suat xu ly COD, TN, TP ciia he thing Bang 1: Trung binh ning dO COD, TN, TP qua vu san sudt tai cdng ty (mg/L) Thong so "^ Vu phu Dau vao 2262,4ax± 806 2214,8ax ± 1137 Daura 109,5ay±29 52,3by + Dau vao 186,9cz±43 155,5cz±59 Ddura 87,6c;f +11 44,0d;' ± ''"P Ddu vao 161,5ea±114 Ddura 78,lea±13 COD 123,2ea±44 32,4f^ +8 Ghi chii - Gid Iri trung binh ± Si.E; n = - Gid Irj eung mgi hdng ed mdu tu gidng (a-b-e-d-efi khde biel khong eo y nghia ve mgi thong ki (p> 0,05) - Gid lii cung mot cot cd mdu tu gidng (x—y — z- yo -p) khdc biel khdng CO y nghTa tthong ki (p > 0,05) Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tho Phdn A: Khoa hoc Tu nhiin Cong nghi vd Mdi Irudng: 25 (2013)- 52-58 Trung binh ndng COD ddu vao d vu chfnh Id 2262 ± 806 mg/L vdi khoang dao dgng la 1400 - 3339 mg/L Trong dd nong ddu vao cua TN cd khodng dao ddng la 126,0 257.4 mg/L vdi gia In trung binh Id 186,9 ± 43 mg/L, tdng ldn cd khodng dao ddng tu 129,7 371,9 mg/L tnmg binh la 161,5+114 mg/L; vu phu COD, TN vd TP cd khodng dao ddng thap han lan lugt la 956 - 3827 mg/L, 84,3 - 228,4 mg/L, 6 - mg/L Nong dg COD, TN, TP giiia vu cd chenh lech ddng ke la Iugng nguyen lieu sdn xudt vd lugng nude sd dung giua vu khdc Nong d0 ddu COD, TN, TP Idn lugl dao ddng khodng 75,4 - 166,9 mg/L, 67,9 100.5 mg/L, 60,0 - 89,9 mg/L d vu chinh; va dao ddng khodng 37,2 - 63,7 mg/L, 36 — 53,1 mg/L, 21,9 - 41,7 mg/L d vu phu Kit qua trinh bay bang I cho thdy ndng COD, TN, TP dau cua vu chinh cao ban vu phu vd khdc biel cd y nghia thdng ke (p0,05) Trong dd, hieu suat xu Iy TN d vu chinh khodng 53%, d vu phu khoang 71% hieu sudt xii ly TN ed vu san xudt cua he thdng diu khdng dat so vdi hieu suat ly thuyet (74 ~ 85%) Kit qua ndy cd Ihl la he thong xu ly nude thai ciia cdng ty khong dugc sue lien tue (sue gid nghi gid) dnh hudng boat ddng cua vi khudn cac bl lam han chl hieu qua xOr ly TN Hieu sudt xu \^ TN ciia he thdng d vu phu cao hon so vdi vu chfnh va khde biel cd y nghia thing kfi (p 1000 m^ (quy dinh tai muc 2.3 tiong QCVN ll:2008/BTNMf va tai muc 2.3 QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT) 3.2.2 Gid tri COD sau xir ly so vai Quy chudn Viet Nam Ket qua trinh bay Hinh cho thay ndng COD diu vu chinh dao dgng ttr 75,4 - 167,0 mg/L vugt QCVN li:2008/BTNMT (loai A) tvr 1,06 - 2,55 lin Nong COD dju cua vu phu dao dgng tii 37,3 - 63,8 mg/L hju h a cac mlu thu vu phu dSu nim Quy chuan cho phep 66 mg/L ' biSn thuy san (QCVN l:2008/BpJMT) loai A tCr 1,7 - 2,54 lin Trong vu phu n6ng TN diu dao dgng tir 36,0 - 53,1 mg/L thip item so voi vu chinh, nhien mgt so thoi diem thu miu van vugt Quy chuan Viet Nam 1,3 ISn -J t 50 ^ 39.6 mg/L 30 20 10 Vu phu Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tru&ng Dai hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A Khoa hgc Tunhiin Cdng nghi vd Moi truong: 25 (2013): 52-S^ 3.2.4 Gid tri tdng phospho sau xu ly so vai Quy chudn Viet Nam Tdng phospho ddu dgt sdn xudt chinh dao ddng khoang 60,0 - 89,9 mg/L vugt QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT quy _ dinh vj nuoc thai cong nghiep til 11,4 - 17 lin Trong • vu phu n6ng TP dau dao dgng tir 21,9 ~ 41,7 mg/L vugt quy chuan Viet Nam tir 4,1 7,9 lin I Hinh 3: Gid tri TP sau xii ly cna he thong so vdi QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT Ghi chu: Thanh bar thi hien gid Iri dao ddng l&n nhdl vd nho nhdl cua ndng COD qua cdc dgi ihu mdu r+j [ Tdm lai, COD vd TN tai ddu ciia he thong xii ly da vugt quy chudn cho phep (QCVN 1I:2008/BTNMT); nrong tu TP eung vugt QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (lo?i A) Do dd, cdn cd ke hoach va bi?n phdp cai thien hieu qud xii Iy d^m va ldn cua he thdng, vd md rgng quy md xir 1;^ nude thai Dilu nay, khdng chi cd y nghia quan trgng viec bdo ve mdi Irudng ma cdn gdp phdn tdng hieu qud boat dgng kinh doanh t£ii Cdng ty KtV LUAN VA D ^ XUAT 4.1 Ket luan Hieu suat xii ly COD eua he thdng dao d^ng khodng 95 - 97% tucmg duong vdi hieu sudt ly thuyet Id 95 - 98% Trong dd hieu sudt xii ly TN dao ddng tii 53 - 71% thdp hon hieu sudt Iy thuyet (74 - 85 %); hieu suat xd ly TN d vu phu cao hon so vdi vu chinh Hieu sudt xii ly TP ciia he thdng xii ly nude thdi tai Cdng ty vdi gid In dao dgng tir 51 - 73% thdp ban hieu sudt ly thuylt (84 - 90%) Gid tri COD vd TN dau nude thdi cua he thong xii ly vugt QCVN 11 ;2O08 ldn lugt Id 1.06 - 2,55 va 1.7 - 2.54 Idn Trong dd TP dau nude thai ca vg san xudt deu vugt QCVN 40:20H tir 4.1 - 17 ldn i 4.2 De xuat - Nghien cuu cac bien phdp edi thiSn hi^u sudt xu ly TN va TP cua he thong xd ly nuoc thai: theo doi va xu ly kip thdi ldp bun day tJii be Idng; kiem tra vi sinh vat be biin hoai tinh; sue lien tuc tao didu kidn cho vi sinh vat be phat trien tdt ~ COD, TN, TP dau nude thai t^ Cdng ly kha cao va vugl quy chudn cho phep sO; vdi QCVN 11:2008 va QCVN 40:2011 (iQ^i A) Ndu nhu Cong Ty vdn tri hoac md rOng quy md sdn xudt nhu hien tai Ihi edn nghiSn cto dp dung sdn xuat sach hon d moi cdng doan san xuat nhdm lam gidm COD, TN va TP dau vao eiia he Ihdng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO AWWA-APHA, 2000 Standard Methods for the Examination Water and Wastewater 20* edition., American Public Health Association, Waldorf, MD, USA Ban Qudn Ly Khu Cong Nghiep, 2010 Bdo c^o hien tr?tng cac khu coi^ nghiep ph6 Can Tha Bill Thi Nga, Nguyin Thanh Giao va Pham Vi^t Nii, 2008 Anh hudng nude thai Khu cong nghiep Trd Noc ddi vdi thuy vuc Ian can Thanh Tgp ehi Khoa hoe Trudng Dgi hge Cdn Tha Phdn A: Khoa hgc Tu nhien Cong nghi vd Moi trudng; 25 (2013) • 52-58 phd Cdn Tha Tap chi Khoa hpc Dai hoc Cdn Tho 2008:9,194-201 Bdo cao nganh Thiiy san Viet Nam, 2009 Tdng quan nganh Thuy san Viet Nam http://www.ors.com.vn/upIoad/BaoCaoPhanTic h/20100205150220ngaiih+thuy+san_l 5012010 pdf B0 Tai nguyen Mdi trudng, 2009 Bao cao hien tr^ng mdi trudng qudc gia Doanh nghiep tir nhdn Ciru Long Xanh, 2008 Du an dau tu xdy dimg Nhd may chl biSn thiiy hai san Cong ty TNHH xuat nhdp khdu thiiy sSn Can Tha L6 Anh Kha, 2012 Hieu qua cua vdt lieu tu ch^ xu ly dam va ldn tiJr nude thai nhd may chl bilntfiircphdm Bao cdo tdng ket d^ tdi khoa hpc va cdng nghe cdp Bp Le Hoang Viet, 2003 Bai gidng Phuong phap xu Iy nude thai Khoa Moi trudng vd TNTN Trudng D?i hpc Can Tha Pipes W O va J T Zmuda, 1977 Assessing of the efficiency of wastewater treatnment Water Microbiology m Public health, pp 230-240 ... ciia he thong xic ly mrdc thdi lgi Cong ty TNHH xudt nhdp khdu thuy sdn Cdn Tha" dugc thue hien vdi muc tieu: (i) xdc dinh nong COD, TN, TP Nucfcthai t^i cong ty SCR B4 dieu l\ru CO vai tro la hi... nude thai cdng nghiep thai vao 3.1 Hi£u suat xu ly COD, TN, TP ciia he thing Bang 1: Trung binh ning dO COD, TN, TP qua vu san sudt tai cdng ty (mg/L) Thong so "^ Vu phu Dau vao 2262,4ax± 806... Thdi gian: nghien cuu dugc thuc hien tir thang 10 ndm 2010 din thang 11 nam 2011 - Dia dilm: Cdng ty TNHH xuat nh§p khau Thuy sdn Cdn Tha (Cafish) Ld KCN Tra Ndc 1- phudng Trd Ndc - qudn Binh Thiiy