WORD FORM (cấu tạo từ)

CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION) 1 Cách cấu tạo của danh từ STT Quy tắc Ví dụ 1 V + ment => N develop (v) +ment = development (n) sự phát triển entertain (v)+ ment = entertainment (n) sự giải trí 2 V + anc[.]

CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION) Cách cấu tạo danh từ STT Quy tắc Ví dụ V + ment => N develop (v) +ment = development (n): phát triển entertain (v)+ ment = entertainment (n): giải trí V + ance => N Attend (v) + ance = attendance (n): tham dự Perform (v) + ance = performance (n): thực hiện, biểu diễn V + ion/ation =>N invent (v) + ion = invention (n): phát minh inform (v)+ ion = information (n): thông tin many (v) + age = marriage (n): hôn nhân carry (v)+ age = carriage (n): chuyên chở hàng hóa, xe ngựa V + age => N V + al => N survive (v) + al = survival (n): sống sót arrive (v) + al = arrival (n): đến, tới V + ing => N teach (v) + ing = teaching (n): công việc dạy học train(v)+ing = training (n): công việc đào tạo V + er => N work (v)+ er = worker (n): công nhân employ (v) + er = employer (n): ông chủ V + or => N act (v) + or = actor (n): diễn viên survive (v)+ or = survival (n): người sống sót V + ress => N act (v) + ress = actress (n): nữ diễn viên wait (v) + ress = waitress (n): nữ bồi bàn 10 V + ant => N assist (v)+ ant = assistant (n): trợ lí depend (v) + ant = dependant (n): người phụ thuộc 11 V + ee => N employ (v)+ ee = employee (n): công nhân interview (v) + ee = interviewee (n): người vấn 12 V + ledge => N know (v)+ ledge = knowledge (n): hiểu biết, kiến thức 13 V + ist => N type (v) + 1st = typist (n): người đánh máy 14 V + ar => N lie (v) + ar = liar (n): kẻ nói dối 15 V + ence =>N 16 Adj + ness => N 17 Adj + ity => N depend (v) + ence = dependence (n): phụ thuộc rich (a) + ness = richness (n): giàu có polite (a)+ ness = politeness (n): lịch able (a) + ity = ability (n): khả năng, lực responsible(a) + ity = responsibility (n): trách nhiệm 18 Adj + y => N honest (a) + y = honesty (n): thật 19 Adj + ty => N certain (a) + ty = certainty (n): chắn 20 Adj + age => N short (a) + age = shortage (n): thiếu hụt 21 Adj + cy => N proficient (a) + cy = proficiency (n): giỏi, thành thạo 22 Adj + dom => N free (a) + dom = freedom (n): tự 23 Adj + ism => N N1 + ism => N2 social (a) + ism = socialism (n): chủ nghĩa xã hội terror (n) + ism = terrorism (n): chủ nghĩa khủng bố 24 Adj + th => N 25 N1 + hood => N2 warm (a) + th = warmth (n): ấm áp, niềm nở wide (a)+ th = width (n): bề rộng, bề ngang child (n) + hood = childhood (n): thời thơ ấu neighbor (n) + hood = neighborhood (n): vùng lân cận friend (n) + ship = friendship (n): tình bạn 26 N1 + ship => N2 member (n)+ ship = membership (n): tư cách hội viên, số hội viên Cách cấu tạo động từ STT Quy tắc Ví dụ Adj + en => V wide (a) + en = widen (v): mở rộng short (a)+ en = shorten (v): thu ngắn, rút ngắn En + Adj => V en + rich [a] = enrich (v): làm giàu en + large (a) = enlarge (v): tăng lên, phóng to N + en => V length (n) + en = lengthen (v): làm dài ra, kéo dài social (a) + ise/ize = socialize (v): xã hội hóa, hòa nhập Adj + ise/ize => V industrial (a) + ise/ize = industrialize (v): cơng nghiệp hóa N + fy =>V Cách cấu tạo tính từ STT Quy tắc beauty (n) + fy = beautify (v): làm đẹp Ví dụ N + ly => Adj friend (n) + ly = friendly (adj): thân thiện love (n) + ly = lovely (a): đáng yêu N + ful => Adj care (n) + ful = careful (a): cẩn thận success (n) + ful = successful (a): thành công N + less => Adj home (n) + less = homeless (a): vô gia cư hope (n) + less = hopeless (a): vô vọng economy (n) + ic = economic (a): thuộc kinh tế history (n) + ic = historic (a): có tính chất lịch sử N + ic => Adj N + able => Adj reason (n) + able = reasonable (a): có lí, hợp lí comfort (n) + able = comfortable (a): thoải mái N + OUS => Adj danger (n) + OUS = dangerous (a): nguy hiểm industry (n) + OUS = industrious (a): chăm N + some => Adj trouble (n) + some = troublesome (a): gây rắc rối, khó chịu hand (n) + some = handsome (a): đẹp trai N + al => Adj nation (n) + al = national (a): thuộc quốc gia nature (n) + al = natural (a): thuộc tự nhiên interest (n) + ing/ed = interesting /interested (a): thú vị/thích thú N + ing/ed => Adj bore (n) + ing/ed = boring/ bored (a): tẻ nhạt/buồn chán 10 N + ern = Adj West (n) + ern = Western (a): phía tây, phía tây South (n) + ern = Southern (a): phía nam, phía nam 11 N + y = Adj 12 N + ible = Adj response (n) + ible = responsible (a): có trách nhiệm 13 V + ent => Adj depend (v) + ent = dependent (a): phụ thuộc V + ive => Adj N + ive => Adj impress (v) + ive = impressive (a): ấn tượng invent (v)+ ive = inventive (a): có tài phát minh, có óc sáng tạo expense (n) + ive = expensive (a): đắt 15 N + like => Adj child (n) + like = childlike (a): trẻ con, ngây thơ, thật god (n) + like = godlike (n): thần, thánh 16 N + ish => Adj fool (n) + ish = foolish (a): dại dột, ngu xuẩn self (n) + ish = selfish (a): ích kỉ 14 rain (n) + y = rainy (a): có mưa sun (n) + y = sunny (a): có nhiều ánh nắng Cách cấu tạo trạng từ STT Quy tắc Adj + ly => Adv * Lưu ý: Ví dụ slow (a) + ly = slowly (adv): cách chậm chạp rapid (a) + ly = rapidly (adv): cách nhanh chóng STT Quy tắc Ví dụ N + ly => Adj Adj + ly => Adv like + ly = likely (a) quick + ly =quickly (adv) V + al = N N + al = Adj arrive + al = arrival (n) nation + al =national (a) V + ing = N N + ing = Adj teach + ing = teaching (n) bore + ing = boring (a) Adj + y = N N + y = Adj honest + y = honesty (n) wind + y = windy (a) Trật tự từ STT Quy tắc Ví dụ Sau tobe (am/is/are/was/were) tính từ The book is so interesting that I can’t put it down Sau động từ trạng từ He runs more quickly than me Sau V(tri giác) + adj * V (trigiác): hear, see, smell, taste, feel The food tastes delicious Sau look, seem, get, become, find, make, + adj She looks happier than yesterday Sau mạo từ (a/an/the) + N The development of industry causes air pollution Sau tính từ sở hữu (my/your/our/his/her/their/its) danh từ He failed the exam because of his laziness Sau sở hữu cách danh từ Mail’s house is very nice Sau đại từ định (this/that/these/those) + N This machine has been out of order Sau some/any/many/much + N There are many people waiting for the last bus 10 Sau giới từ + N My parents are celebrating 30 years of marriage next week 11 Trước danh từ tính từ Copperheads are poisonous snakes 12 Trước tính từ trạng từ The matter is comparatively complicated and sensitive 13 Đứng đầu câu, ngăn cách với phần câu dấu phẩy (,) trạng từ Traditionally, the positions of the women were in the kitchen 14 Sau danh từ danh từ This firm is known for its high quality products 15 Sau bring/take/have/buy/sell + N Money doesn’t bring happiness to man 16 Giữa hai động từ trạng từ He will certainly die If you don’t call a doctor 17 Khi có “and/or/but” hai vế cân (cùng chức từ loại/ngữ pháp/ngữ nghĩa) The International Red Cross helps people in need without any discrimination based on nationality, race, religion, class or political opinions BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG The issue of climate change has received a lot of _ recently A attentive B attention C attend D attentively Swimming produces both _ and physical benefits A psychology B psychological C psychologist D psychologically My friend is a good story writer; he has a rich _ A imaginatively B imagination C imagine D imaginative The _ of electronic books has changed the way many people read A Invent B invention C inventively D inventive When James was in Vietnam, he tried a _ of Vietnamese dishes A variety B variously C various D vary According to present law, the authorities can give poachers a severe _ A punishing B punish C punishable D punishment The new song has _ been selected for Euro 2016 A officially B official C office D officer Many species of plants and animals are in _ of extinction A dangerous B endangered C danger D dangerously The wedding day was _ chosen by the parents of the groom A careless B careful C carefully D carelessly 10 To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone about age, _ and salary A marry B married C marrying D marriage 11 Despite the plan’s emphasis on agricultural _, the industrial sector received a larger share of state investment A developing B developer C development D developed 12 _ have announced that a major breakthrough in medicine has been made A Research B Researchers C Researches D Researching 13 This restaurant is _ with those who like Vietnamese food A popular B popularly C popularize D popularity 14 The jobs give you lots of chances to travel abroad; it’s certainly a very _ offer A attractive B attract C attractively D attraction 15 It's necessary to listen to opinions that are _ from ours A difference B differently C differ D different 16 One _ method for keeping our mind active is doing crossword puzzles A popularity B popular C popularize D popularly 17 Sometimes it can be really _ to go hiking alone in the forest A endanger B danger C dangerous D dangerously 18 In the past people believed that women’s _ roles were as mothers and wives A nature B natural C naturism D naturalist 19 Although David was _ after a day's work in the office, he tried to help his wife the household chores A exhaustion B exhausted C exhaust D exhaustively 20 A _ party was prepared to welcome the honored guests A special B specialize C specially D specialization 21 How many means of _ you use on a regular basis? A communication B communicating C communicate D communicative 22 Janice made some useful _ for the class extra-curricular activities A suggest B suggested C suggestions D suggesting 23 Jack put on his best suit to make a good _ on his future in-laws A impression B impressive C impress D impressively 24 The more _ you look, the better impression you will make on your interviewer A confine B confident C confidently D confidence 25 Josh's ambition is to become a _ businessman like his father A success B succeed C successfully D successful 26 Many twelfth graders find it hard to _ what university to apply to A decide B decision C decisive D decisively 27 I think mobile phones are _ for people of all ages A usage B use C usefully D useful 28 Such characters as fairies or witches in Walt Disney animated cartoons are purely _ A imaginary B imagination C imagine D imaginatively 29 The Covid-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on the country's aviation _ due to international travel restrictions A industry B industrialize C industrious D industriously 30 According to most professors, mature students are ideal students because they are hard-working and become _ involved in all aspects of the learning process A active B action C act D actively 31 Tom is getting ever keener on doing research on _ A biology B biological C biologist D biologically 32 They are always _ of what their children A support B supporting C supportive D supportively 33 It is not always easy to make a good _ at the last minute A decide B decision C decisive D decisively 34 Cultural _ can be found in such simple processes as giving or receiving a gift A differences B different C differently D differ 35 Travelling to _ countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things A differ B difference C differently D different 36 The job market is constantly changing due to innovative technology and new _ A competition B competitively C competitive D compete 37 In Vietnam, children begin their primary _ at the age of six A educational B educationally C educate D education 38 Many librarians and teachers are now accepting graphic novels as proper literature for children as they _ young people and motivate them to read A attract B attractively C attraction D attractive 39 The success of the company in such a _ market is remarkable A compete B competitively C competitive D competition 40 People tend to be unaware of the messages they are sending to others So, it is _ to consider your own body language before dealing with people from other cultures A usefully B use C usefulness D useful 41 Project-based learning provides wonderful opportunities for students to develop their _ A creative B creativity C create D creatively 42 Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good _ on job interviewers A impress B impressively C impression D impressive 43 It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our _ of the world A knowledgeable B knowledgeably C knowledge D know 44 Susan has achieved great _ in her career thanks to her hard work A success B succeed C successful D successfully 45 Participating in teamwork activities helps students develop their _ skills A social B society C socially D socialize 46 You should turn off the lights before going out to save _ A electricity B electrify C electric D electrically 47 The study also found that social networks allow us to have discussions with a much more diverse set of people than in the real world, so we share knowledge with people from a wide _ of backgrounds A vary B variety C various D variously 48 Laura came to _ me for taking care of her dog when she was away A thank B thankfully C thankfulness D thankful 49 The candidates took a _ breath before he walked into the interview room A deeply B deep C deepen D depth 50 With his good sense of humour, Martin is quite _ with the students A popularly B popular C popularise D popularity ... bạn 26 N1 + ship => N2 member (n)+ ship = membership (n): tư cách hội viên, số hội viên Cách cấu tạo động từ STT Quy tắc Ví dụ Adj + en => V wide (a) + en = widen (v): mở rộng short (a)+ en = shorten... ise/ize => V industrial (a) + ise/ize = industrialize (v): cơng nghiệp hóa N + fy =>V Cách cấu tạo tính từ STT Quy tắc beauty (n) + fy = beautify (v): làm đẹp Ví dụ N + ly => Adj friend (n) +... + ive = impressive (a): ấn tượng invent (v)+ ive = inventive (a): có tài phát minh, có óc sáng tạo expense (n) + ive = expensive (a): đắt 15 N + like => Adj child (n) + like = childlike (a):