How computers work (8th edition)

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[...]... Here we'll show how the operating system and Plug and Play work, how data moves among all a PC's components, and how hardware interrupts whatever software is doing to get some attention from the processor 29 30 BOOT-UP PROCESS How Hardware and Software Work Together When you choose the command, for example, to have your word processor save a document, the applicotion doesn't need to know how to control... turn it on, birth begins allover again How Computers Used to Work At the beginning of the 21 st century, computers are such complex beasts-despite their relative youth-that it's difficult to imagine how such elaborate contraptions could have sprung fully grown from the brows of their creators The explanation is, of course, that they didn't The development of computers has been an evolutionary process,... (see Chapter 4) Real-Time Clock: A vibrating crystal in this component is the drummer that sets the pace and synchronizes the work of all the other components (see Chapter 2) m m m EIJ Network Connector: The network connecter allows you to connect your PC to a local area network (LAN) or a broadband cable or DSL modem (see Chapter 27) BIOS: If the microprocessor is your PC's brains, this is the heart... such as Windows, each programmer would have to invent from scratch the way a program displays text or graphics onscreen, how it sends data to the printer, how it reads or writes disk files, and how it implements other functions that mesh software with hardware An operating system, however, is more than a way to make life easier for programmers An operating system creates a common platform for all the... Apple, along with computers from Radio Shack and Commodore, began appearing in businesses, sometimes brought in behind the backs of the people in white lab coats who ran the "real" mainframe computers in a sealed room down the hall The information services-or IS, as the professional computer tenders came to be called-disparaged the new computers as toys, and at the same time they saw microcomputers as a... speed of clocks-and therefore, computers- is expressed in megahertz (MHz) One megahertz is 1 million cycles, or vibrations, a second Thus, a PC can be described as having a 200 or 300 MHz processor, which means that the processor has been designed to work with a clock chip running at that speed CMOS An acronym For complementary metaloxide semiconductor-a term that describes how a CMOS microchip is manuFactured... located on a flash memory chip on the computer's motherboard This chip holds a few small programs and some of the settings that determine how your computer works All together, they're called the BIOS because they are fundamental to the computer's basic input/output system HOW A DISK BOOT WAKES UP YOUR PC 2S The first trickle of electricity has done its job, Now the BIOS takes over the task of awakening... is a tight, complex collection of transistors arranged so that they can be used to manipulate data The processor handles most operations of your computer, the design of which dictates how software must be written to work correctly (see Chapter 5) Mouse Port: Also called a PS2 port, Keyboard Port: Keyboards are usually separate from the CPU housing and connect to a mini·DIN port, which looks identical... your PC to a telephone line so that you can get to information services and the Internet Modems also come as external devices that connect to a serial port (see Chapter 26) 14 BOOT-UP PROCESS How Circuit Boards Work Mosfof the components in a PC are mounted on printed circuit boards The motherboard is the largest printed circuit; Expansion cords and memory chips plug into the motherboard The memory... near memory cards the CPU socket CPU Socket: This determines what kind of microprocessor, or central processing unit (CPU), the motherboard uses Boards are designed to work with processors ma by either Intel or AMD Motherboards do not work with all CPUs from the same company The socket and board must be designed for specific lines of microprocessors an must have the right shape and number of holes for . Data 44 Chapter 5 How a Microprocessor Works 52 Part 3: How Software Works 72 Chapter 6 How Programming Languages Work 86 Chapter 7 How Windows Works 96 Chapter 8 How. Computer Ports Work 208 Chapter 16 How a Computer Display Works 21 8 Chapter 17 How Data Gets into Your PC 228 Chapter 12 How PCs Use Light Chapter 13 How Removable Storage Works Chapter