Hacking the xbox

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Hacking the Xbox An Introduction to Reverse Engineering HACKING THE XBOX Andrew “bunnie” Huang BUNNIE qANQR1DBwU4DiyVm0iq7P8gQB/9IoylwNnOxHExELKfHCTyOxX1m/eKe3+bgN/kc afpcdG1BR0ZV3degJhP2ru8h58Tw/MLU+h+jMYPUOCulwRAMyhxqX+0K1fU0oNAd 1UKi0e8sju0mks0XXzEOXNpM6BO8L90/NCSUTWPBUMgR6/KtezsFJUDAIOlxVuBX IpN1x+6A3O6Tayrg0+Qp+hD3FDRSIVKoD/uiaCnxkp5wxXh3JPRU3JMHWtUcwsr2 ThN1xhandO6Tn gg0dep+hDhackingKwas iaCcekledxby3JheUoriginalwsr2 This hands-on guide to hacking was canceled by the original publisher out of fear of DMCA-related lawsuits. Following the author’s self-publication of the book (during which time he sold thousands directly), Hacking the Xbox is now brought to you by No Starch Press. Hacking the Xbox begins with a few step-by-step tutorials on hardware modifications that teach basic hacking techniques as well as essential reverse engineering skills. It progresses into a discussion of the Xbox security mechanisms and other advanced hacking topics, emphasizing the important subjects of computer security and reverse engineering. The book includes numerous practical guides, such as where to get hacking gear, soldering techniques, debugging tips, and an Xbox hardware reference guide. Hacking the Xbox confronts the social and political issues facing today’s hacker, and introduces readers to the humans behind the hacks through several interviews with master hackers. It looks at the potential impact of today’s legal challenges to legitimate reverse engineering activities, which are further examined in a chapter contributed by Lee Tien of the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) about the rights and responsibilities of hackers. The book concludes with a discussion of the latest trends and vulnerabilities in secure PC platforms. Hurry and get Hacking the Xbox before Microsoft does! VurrRyVnZ6EetMHackingyDhi XboxxbEforeaMicrosoft BOesDPGWrkhbxfH VDsdRyVDZ6E0sMGl2Qe9/yDriFn2RJx1E1bmoaSd/+Va3UfEBOXBDPGWrkhbxfH 5+zS6m6B4sG3p+2veuIZSN3CTfHRWCbAjcmYWokhHUN+p2VOpeTit7w08cEqMjDc /du9x6CkPyxGMcL4EwVpNLf3PO6nCevVNRk18pSq64ICUgtRFqmc+JXCg+UZO2Mi $24.99 ($34.99 CDN) SHELVE IN: PC HARDWARE/GENERAL Get Hacking the Xbox before Microsoft Does! 9 781593 270292 52499> ISBN 1-59327-029-1 THE FINEST IN GEEK ENTERTAINMENT™ www.nostarch.c om Dear Reader, Thank you for downloading and reading this book. No Starch Press and I have decided to release this free ebook version of Hacking the Xbox in honor of Aaron Swartz. As you read this book, I hope that you’ll be reminded of how important freedom is to the hacking community and that you’ll be inclined to support the causes that Aaron believed in. I agreed to release this book for free in part because Aaron’s treatment by MIT is not unfamiliar to me. In this book, you will nd the story of when I was an MIT graduate student, extracting security keys from the original Microsoft Xbox. You’ll also read about the crushing disappointment of receiving a letter from MIT legal repudiating any association with my work, effectively leaving me on my own to face Microsoft. The difference was that the faculty of my lab, the AI laboratory, were outraged by this treatment. They openly deed MIT legal and vowed to publish my work as an ofcial “AI Lab Memo,” thereby granting me greater negotiating leverage with Microsoft. Microsoft, mindful of the potential backlash from the court of public opinion over suing a legitimate academic researcher, came to a civil understanding with me over the issue. It saddens me that America’s so-called government for the people, by the people, and of the people has less compassion and enlightenment toward their fellow man than a corporation. Having been a party to subsequent legal bullying by other entities, I am all too familiar with how ugly and gut-wrenching a high-stakes lawsuit can be. Fortunately, the stakes in my cases were not as high, nor were my adversaries as formidable as Aaron’s, or I too might have succumbed to hopelessness and fear. A few years ago, I started rebuilding my life overseas, and I nd a quantum of solace in the thought that my residence abroad makes it a little more difcult for me to be served. While the US legal system strives for justice, the rules of the system create an asymmetric war that favors those with resources. By far one of the most effective methods to force a conclusion, right or wrong, against a small player is to simply bleed them of resources and the will to ght through pre-trial antics. Your entire life feels like it is under an electron microscope, with every tiny blemish magnied into a pitched battle of motions, countermotions, discovery, subpoenas, and afdavits, and each action heaping tens of thousands of dollars onto your legal bill. Your friends, co-workers, employers, and family are drawn into this circus of humiliation as witnesses. Worse, you’re counseled not to speak candidly to anyone, lest they be summoned as a witness against you. Isolated and afraid, it eventually makes more sense to roll over and settle than to take the risk of losing on a technicality versus a better-funded adversary, regardless of the justice. The US government is far and away the best-funded and fearsome enemy in the world, and copyright law has some unusually large, if not cruel, penalties associated with it. I never knew Aaron, but I feel that the magni- tude of the bullying he was subjected to is reected in his decision to end his life. I echo Larry Lessig’s notion that the US legal system needs a sense of shame. To an outsider like me, it seems that certain prosecutors in the US government are obsessed with making a name for themselves at the expense of the individuals they pursue. Winning cases gains them the rec- ognition and credibility needed for promotions and assignments to ever higher prole cases. For them, it’s not about justice—it’s about victory and self-aggrandizement. This system of incentives contributes to the shameless bullying of indi- viduals and small entities who have the guts to stand up and do something daring. Individuals are robbed of the will and strength to ght for what they feel is right, as the mere act of prosecution can be as much a punish- ment as the verdict. As a result, I fear that the era of civil disobedience may be coming to a close. As people, as individuals, as hackers, we need to oppose this trend and continue to do what we feel deep down in our hearts is right. While Aaron’s story came to a tragic end, I hope that in this book you will nd an encouraging story with a happy ending. Without the right to tinker and explore, we risk becoming enslaved by technology; and the more we exercise the right to hack, the harder it will be to take that right away. bunnie Singapore, March 2013 Hacking the Xbox An Introduction to Reverse Engineering Unlimited Edition Hacking the Xbox An Introduction to Reverse Engineering Unlimited Edition Andrew “bunnie” Huang No Starch Press, Inc. San Francisco HACKING THE XBOX. Copyright © 2003 by Xenatera LLC. Some rights reserved. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attri- bution-NonCommerical-ShareAlike License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/1.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Publisher: William Pollock Managing Editor: Karol Jurado Design and Layout: Xenatera LLC No Starch Press and the No Starch Press logo are registered trademarks of No Starch Press, Inc. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we are using the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benet of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. For information on book distributors or translations, please contact No Starch Press, Inc. directly: No Starch Press, Inc. 38 Ringold Street, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA Phone: 415-863-9900; Fax: 415-863-9950; info@nostarch.com; http://www.nostarch.com The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author nor No Starch Press, Inc. shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in it. ISBN 1-59327-029-1 In memory of Aaron Swartz [...]... 2 Hacking the Xbox: An Introduction to Reverse Engineering Another interesting aspect of Xbox hacking is the underground society of hardware hackers following the Xbox The people who hacked the Xbox and the expertise they attained will be relevant long after the Xbox has become a dusty yard sale piece Hence, there is a conscious social focus to this book I have included profiles of a sampling of Xbox. .. ported to the Xbox In addition, there is a wide and deep knowledge base about PC hardware, so the learning curve for hacking the Xbox is not as steep as for other consoles On the other hand, the Playstation2 and the Gamecube have a steep learning curve and they also have architectural limitations that hamper the porting of most PC applications The Xbox is also a popular target for pirates because of the. .. illegitimate, to get the Xbox to run code from arbitrary sources without hardware modifications The Xbox is a victim of its own design: the choice to use standard PC hardware vastly increases the value of an “opened” Xbox to hackers and pirates alike The Xbox is a rather satisfying target for weekend hackers and hobbyists for the same reason Microsoft adopted the PC architecture for the Xbox: existing PC... around the world During the course of my work on the Xbox, I had the good fortune of meeting brilliant hackers across the globe Hackers in America were some of the most fearful of the group, and even though they were talented engineers, they were loath to apply their skills to such problems for fear of persecution The result is that some of the most interesting results in Xbox hacking are garnered by... complex that beginners are increasingly like the parable about the seven blind men and the elephant Some beginners will start their hacking journey by exploring the Internet Others will start by exploring the operating system on their computer Still others will start by looking underneath the covers of their computer Each individual could spend a year exploring their facet, yet each will have a distinctly... within the legal rights of hackers Microsoft’s laudable reaction to Xbox hackers — that is, no persecution or attempt so far to shut down Xbox hacking projects — will hopefully serve as a role model to others thinking about using the DMCA to stop hacking activities Despite all of the Xbox hacks out there, Microsoft still enjoys robust sales of games All of the interest and buzz generated by Xbox hacking. .. bound on the importance of the secret that can be trusted to such client hardware In addition, the Xbox provides a consistent teaching example, with almost 10 million nearly identical units out there at the time of writing The similarity of the Xbox s architecture to a vanilla PC adds even more educational value to Xbox hacking, since much of the discussion in this book also applies directly to the much... search engines The ready availability of documentation will assist motivated readers to build upon the knowledge contained in this book The Xbox is also a more appealing educational example than the run-ofthe-mill PC There is too much variation between the hardware details of PC implementations to make useful step-by-step hacking guides for the PC, whereas step-by-step guides for the Xbox are guaranteed... technically, but the clause has yet to be legally tested, to the best of my knowledge Second, the purpose is not really to exchange information with the hardware security measures — it is to bypass them The final argument against allowing the reverse engineering of the hardware security mechanisms is incidental copyright circumvention The 7 17 U.S.C § 1201(f), Reverse Engineering 9 10 Hacking the Xbox: An... In this case, locate the tab by observing where the case seems to be stuck, and push in on the tab with a small flathead screwdriver while Chapter 1 - Voiding the Warranty gently pulling up on the case If there are multiple tabs like this, insert a wedge of some kind, such as another screwdriver or a paperclip, to prevent the tab from re-engaging as you open the other tabs If the cover or panel refuses . hardware hackers following the Xbox. The people who hacked the Xbox and the expertise they attained will be relevant long after the Xbox has become a dusty. 2 About Hackers and Hacking 4 The Politics of Hacking 7 The People Behind the Hacks 11 Chapter 1 - Voiding the Warranty 15 Tools of the Trade 15 Tools to