Biometric indices and size at first sexual maturity of eight alien fish species from Bangladesh Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2016) 42, 331–339 HO ST E D BY National Institute of Oceanography[.]
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research (2016) 42, 331–339 H O S T E D BY National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research http://ees.elsevier.com/ejar www.sciencedirect.com FULL LENGTH ARTICLE Biometric indices and size at first sexual maturity of eight alien fish species from Bangladesh Md Yeamin Hossain a,*, Md Alomgir Hossen a, Md Mahmudul Islam b, Md Nasir Uddin Pramanik a, Fairuz Nawer a, Alok Kumar Paul a, H.M Adnan Hameed c, Md Mosaddequr Rahman d, Gitartha Kaushik e, Sabitry Bardoloi e a Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh c Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan d Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan e Resource Management and Environment Section, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India b Received 12 April 2016; revised August 2016; accepted September 2016 Available online 12 October 2016 KEYWORDS Biometric index; Condition- and form- factor; Sexual maturity; Alien species; Bangladesh Abstract The biometric indices and size at first sexual maturity of eight alien fish species from several water bodies in Bangladesh were studied for the first time A total of 273 individuals of eight alien fish species (Barbonymus gonionotus, Clarias gariepinus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, H nobilis, Oreochromis niloticus and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were collected using traditional fishing gears from June 2014 to May 2015 Among the four condition factors (Allometric condition factor, Fulton’s condition factor, Relative condition factor, and Relative weight) studied, Fulton’s condition factor was the best for assessing the well-being of these alien species in their natural habitat, based on the relationships of condition factors with body weight and total length The calculated form factor was 0.0270 for B gonionotus, 0.0077 for C gariepinus, 0.0119 for C idella, 0.0194 for C carpio, 0.0101 for H molitrix, 0.0092 for H nobilis, 0.0158 for O niloticus and 0.0105 for P hypophthalmus The size at first sexual maturity was estimated in TL as 12.30 cm for B gonionotus, 25.53 cm for C gariepinus, 32.80 cm for C idella, 18.22 cm for C carpio, 23.92 cm for H molitrix, 30.18 cm for H nobilis, 21.78 cm for O niloticus, and 21.32 cm for P hypophthalmus The present study also calculates form factor and first sexual maturity of these alien species from different water-bodies world over The findings of this study can be very helpful for sustainable management of these alien species in Bangladesh and similar ecosystems Ó 2016 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Hosting by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) * Corresponding author at: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh E-mail addresses: yeamin2222@yahoo.com, yeamin.fish@ru.ac.bd (M.Y Hossain) Peer review under responsibility of National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2016.09.001 1687-4285 Ó 2016 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Hosting by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 332 Introduction About twelve alien species are documented in Bangladeshi waters (DOF, 2014) Among them, Barbonymus gonionotus (Bleeker, 1849), Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844), H nobilis (Richardson, 1845), Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), and catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) provide a major part of fish production in Bangladesh (DOF, 2014) Although these species were intended for aquaculture only, recently they are also recorded in natural open waters of the country Introduction of alien species can cause biodiversity loss, destruction of aquatic ecosystems in inland waters (Rosenthal, 1976, 1980, 1981) and may have biological impact on the recipient environment (Innal and Erk’akan, 2006; Gozlan, 2008; Hossain et al., 2008) Additionally, alien species may have impact on native fishes by predation, competition for food, interference with reproduc- M.Y Hossain et al tion, or changes of habitat (Hanel et al., 2011; Piria et al., 2016) Biometric index (conditions and form factor) is an important issue not only for providing invaluable information on the condition of fish population, but also for the proper management and conservation of the wild inhabitants (Muchlisin et al., 2010; Sarkar et al., 2009; Froese, 2006) In addition, the condition factor is a quantitative parameter that is very helpful to estimate present and future population success (Richter, 2007) The condition factor is also very important to know the spawning season of fishes (Hossain et al., 2012a, 2013a) The form factor can be handy to assess whether the body structure of a given species is considerably dissimilar from others (Froese, 2006) Moreover, the size at first maturity can be used to set minimum permissible capture size and for stock assessment (Lucifora et al., 1999) Although a number of studies on biometric indices and size at first sexual maturity of different fish species have been conducted from Bangladeshi waters (Hossain, 2010; Hossain et al., Figure Photos show the eight alien fish species (i) Barbonymus gonionotus, (ii) Clarias gariepinus, (iii) Ctenopharyngodon idella, (iv) Cyprinus carpio, (v) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, (v) H nobilis, (vii) Oreochrimis niloticus, and (viii) Pangasianodon hypophthalmus from Bangladesh Biometrics and sexual maturity of Alien fishes, Bangladesh 333 Table Descriptive statistics and estimated parameters of condition factors and 95% confidence limit of alien fish species from northwestern Bangladesh (present study) Condition factors n Barbonymus gonionotus KA KF KR WR 27 Clarias gariepinus KA KF KR WR 21 Ctenopharyngodon idella KA KF KR WR 31 Cyprinus carpio KA KF KR WR 38 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix KA KF KR WR 51 H nobilis KA KF KR WR 42 Oreochromis niloticus KA KF KR WR 22 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus KA KF KR WR 41 Min Max Mean ± SD 95% CL 0.0098 2.0527 0.8974 89.74 0.0121 2.6904 1.1077 110.77 0.011 ± 0.0005 2.460 ± 0.1478 0.997 ± 0.0451 99.69 ± 4.51 0.0107–0.0111 2.4017–2.5186 0.9791–1.0148 97.91–101.48 0.0058 0.6966 0.8760 87.60 0.0079 0.9391 1.1920 119.20 0.0066 ± 0.0005 0.8013 ± 0.0590 1.0059 ± 0.0743 100.59 ± 7.43 0.0064–0.0069 0.7744–0.8282 0.9720–1.0397 97.20–103.97 0.0097 1.1001 0.9024 90.24 0.0116 1.3111 1.0726 107.26 0.011 ± 0.0004 1.227 ± 0.0454 1.003 ± 0.0368 100.28 ± 3.68 0.0107–0.0110 1.2101–1.2441 0.9893–1.0163 90.24–107.26 0.0165 1.7008 0.8796 87.96 0.0217 2.229 1.1561 115.61 0.019 ± 0.0012 1.944 ± 0.1290 1.003 ± 0.0666 100.37 ± 6.662 0.0184–0.0192 1.9021–1.9871 0.9811–1.025 98.18–102.559 0.0044 0.9534 0.9046 90.463 0.0057 1.2431 1.1714 117.147 0.0049 ± 0.0003 1.0967 ± 0.0864 1.0092 ± 0.0692 100.921 ± 6.921 0.0048–0.0050 1.0721–1.1211 0.9900–1.0286 98.97–102.868 0.0035 0.8944 0.8478 84.789 0.0058 1.3759 1.3939 139.390 0.0042 ± 0.0004 1.0891 ± 0.1226 1.0163 ± 0.1067 101.632 ± 10.678 0.0041–0.0044 1.0509–1.1273 0.9830–1.0496 98.31–104.960 0.0087 1.4550 0.8861 88.613 0.0109 1.8474 1.1104 111.046 0.0098 ± 0.0005 1.6299 ± 0.0988 0.9973 ± 0.0562 99.736 ± 5.626 0.0096–0.0101 1.5861–1.6738 0.9724–1.0223 97.24–101.231 0.0038 0.9496 0.8577 85.779 0.0057 1.4510 1.2775 127.751 0.0045 ± 0.0004 1.1403 ± 0.1225 1.0087 ± 0.1041 100.879 ± 10.417 0.0043–0.0046 1.1017–1.1790 0.9759–1.0416 97.59–104.167 n, sample size; Min, minimum; Max, maximum; SD, standard deviation; CL, confidence limit for mean values; KA, allometric condition factor; KF, Fulton’s condition factor; KR, relative condition factor; WR, relative weight 2010, 2012b, 2013b, 2014, 2015, 2016a, 2016b), information on condition- and form factors, and size at first sexual maturity of alien fishes from Bangladesh is scarce Therefore, our study presents the information on biometric indices including condition- and form-factors, and size at first sexual maturity of alien fish species from Bangladesh for the first time Materials and methods The present study was carried out in the north and northwestern parts of Bangladesh Fishes were collected from differ- ent water bodies including beels (a wetland with stagnant water) (Beel kumari, Rajshahi, Lat 24°600 N, Long 88°590 E; Chalan beel, Natore, 24°380 N, 89°440 E), floodplains (Tista floodplain, Kaunia, Rangpur, 25°770 N, 89°390 E; Padma floodplain, Godagari, Rajshahi, 24°470 N, 88°440 E), and rivers (Tista River, Rangpur, 25°820 N, 89°410 E; Karatoya River, Bogra, 24°850 N, 89°380 E; Padma River, Rajshahi, 24°220 N; 88°350 E) by various types of traditional fishing gears including cast net, gillnet, and square lift net during June 2014 to May 2015 Total length (TL) and body weight (BW) of each specimen were measured to 0.1 cm and 0.1 g accuracy with digital slide calipers and electronic balance, respectively 334 Table M.Y Hossain et al The calculated form factor a3.0 = 10log a s(b3) of alien fish species in different water bodies worldwide Species name a b Water-body References a3.0 Barbonymus gonionotus 0.0413 0.0132 2.231 3.053 Jatiluhur Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia Chi River, Thailand 0.0037 0.0156 0.0350 0.0109 2.980 3.290 Pampanga River, Philippines Northwestern Bangladesh Hardjamulia et al (1988) Satrawaha and Pilasamorn (2009) Garcia (2010) Present study 0.0329 0.0270 Clarias gariepinus 0.0298 0.0194 0.0400 0.1300 0.0054 0.0105 0.0061 0.0149 0.0210 0.0160 0.0079 0.0032 0.0080 0.0066 2.751 2.816 2.699 2.380 3.092 3.020 3.040 2.945 2.738 2.880 2.971 3.214 2.967 3.05 Barrage ponds, Egypt Serow Experimental Ponds, Egypt Lake Sibaya, Africa Africa Mwanza and Speke Gulfs, Lake Victoria, Tanzania Zaria, Nigeria Lake Awassa, Ethiopia Estuaries, South Africa Okavango Delta, Botswana Epe Lagoon, Nigeria Oue´me´ River Basin, Benin Lake Baringo, Kenya Hatay Region, Turkey Northwestern Bangladesh El Bolock (1972) El Bolock (1972) Quick and Bruton (1984) Cochrane (1986) Witte and de Winter (1995) King (1996) Dadebo (2000) Harrison (2001) Mosepele and Nengu (2003) Fafioye and Oluajo (2005) Lale`ye` (2006) Britton and Harper (2006) Oăzcan (2008) Present study 0.0137 0.0109 0.0156 0.0187 0.0072 0.0112 0.0069 0.0125 0.0093 0.0110 0.0072 0.0062 0.0072 0.0077 Ctenopharyngodon idella 0.0178 0.0526 0.0345 0.0291 0.0219 0.0293 0.0108 0.0480 0.0160 0.0108 3.047 2.734 2.862 2.870 2.940 2.860 3.006 2.603 2.970 3.03 Heilongjiang River, Amur, China Changjiang River, Yangtze, China Zhujiang River, Pearl River, China China China China Lake Niushan, Yangtze River, China Freshwaters, Croatia Tian-e-zhou Oxbow, Yangtze River, China Northwestern Bangladesh Li et al (1990) Li et al (1990) Li et al (1990) Li (1998) Li (1998) Li (1998) Ye et al (2007) Treer et al (2008) Wang et al (2012) Present study 0.0206 0.0229 0.0224 0.0194 0.0182 0.0189 0.0110 0.0139 0.0146 0.0119 Cyprinus carpio 0.0955 0.2200 0.2218 0.1299 0.1641 0.0290 0.2134 0.1632 0.2163 0.2234 0.1545 0.1640 0.1193 0.1506 0.1340 0.1050 0.0959 0.0770 0.0188 2.620 2.420 2.267 2.306 2.306 2.308 2.374 2.376 2.383 2.388 2.395 2.408 2.480 2.489 2.508 2.516 2.531 2.568 3.01 Alabama, USA China Lake C¸ernek, Turkey Lake Toăduărge, Turkey Lake Toăduărge, Turkey Lake Akehir, Turkey Mamasn Reservoir, Turkey Altnkaya Reservoir, Turkey Mamasn Reservoir, Turkey Mamasn Reservoir, Turkey Hirfanl Reservoir, Turkey Lake Beyehir, Turkey Lake Beyehir, Turkey Lake Toăduărge, Turkey Lake Eber, Turkey Lake eyehir, Turkey Hirfanl Reservoir, Turkey Lake Eirdir, Turkey Northwestern Bangladesh Carlander (1969) Li (1998) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Present study 0.0291 0.0359 0.0224 0.0148 0.0187 0.0033 0.0301 0.0232 0.0314 0.0330 0.0233 0.0258 0.0235 0.0305 0.0288 0.0231 0.0221 0.0199 0.0194 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 0.0287 3.227 Govindsagar Reservoir, India Rao and Natarjan (1979) 0.0584 0.0150 0.0227 0.0148 0.0137 0.0150 0.0058 0.0045 0.0052 0.0420 0.0049 2.970 2.980 3.065 3.093 3.050 3.290 3.370 3.162 2.740 3.23 Zhujiang River, Pearl River, China Changjiang River, Yangtse River, China Xin’anjiang Reservoir, China Heilongjiang River, Amur River, China China China China Lake Niushan, Yangtze River, China Tian-e-zhou Oxbow, Yangtze River, China Northwestern Bangladesh Li et al (1990) Li et al (1990) Li et al.(1990) Li et al (1990) Li (1998) Li (1998) Li (1998) Ye et al (2007) Wang et al (2012) Present study 0.0137 0.0213 0.0181 0.0183 0.0175 0.0144 0.0143 0.0086 0.0186 0.0101 Biometrics and sexual maturity of Alien fishes, Bangladesh 335 Table (continued) Species name a b Water-body References a3.0 H nobilis 0.0568 0.0211 0.0176 0.0309 0.0200 0.0061 0.0110 0.0280 0.0042 2.751 3.021 3.048 2.890 2.970 3.167 3.190 2.860 3.25 Changjiang River, Yangtze, China Xin’anjiang Reservoir, China Zhujiang River, Pearl River China China China Lake Niushan, Yangtze River, China Pampanga River, Candaba, Philippines Tian-e-zhou Oxbow, Yangtze River, China Northwestern Bangladesh Li et al (1990) Li et al (1990) Li et al (1990) Li (1998) Li (1998) Ye et al (2007) Garcia (2010) Wang et al (2012) Present study 0.0261 0.0225 0.0205 0.0219 0.0184 0.0103 0.0199 0.0181 0.0092 Oreochromis niloticus 0.0230 0.0351 0.0424 0.0366 0.0993 0.0330 0.0240 2.954 2.864 2.742 2.844 2.720 2.799 2.696 Vakili (1989) Witte and de Winter (1995) Tadesse (1997) Ahmed et al.(2003) Coulibaly (2003) Lale`ye` (2006) Konan et al (2007) 0.0199 0.0229 0.0189 0.0225 0.0414 0.0176 0.0093 0.0360 0.0457 0.0393 0.0364 0.0170 3.040 2.660 2.720 2.750 2.870 Garcia (2010) Naeem et al (2010) Naeem et al (2010) Naeem et al (2010) Franco et al (2014) 0.0408 0.0158 0.0164 0.0167 0.0113 0.0099 3.15 Lake Edward, Congo Dem Lake Victoria, Tanzania Lake Tana, Ethiopia Kaptai Lake, Bangladesh Mouhoun, Volta River, Burkina Faso Oue´me´ River Basin, Benin River Bia, Rivers Soumie´, Eholie´, Ehania and Noe´, Cote d’Ivoir Pampanga River, Candaba, Philippines Indus River, southern Punjab, Pakistan Indus River, southern Punjab, Pakistan Indus River, southern Punjab, Pakistan Marica, Sacuarema, Araruama coastal lagoons, South western Brazil Northwestern, Bangladesh Present study 0.0158 0.0152 3.000 USA IGFA (2001) 0.0152 0.0045 3.27 Northwestern Bangladesh Present study 0.0105 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus a and b are regression parameters of length-weight relationships; a3.0, form factor The allometric condition factor (KA) was estimated using the formula of Tesch (1968): KA = BW/TLb, where BW is the total body weight; TL is the total length, and b is the parameter of length-weight relationships (LWRs) (Hossain et al., in review) The Fulton0 s condition factor (KF) was estimated using the equation: KF = 100 (BW/TL3), where BW is the total body weight; and TL is the total length The scaling factor of 100 was used to bring the KF close to unit The relative condition factor (KR) was assessed by the equation of Le Cren (1951): KR = BW/(a TLb), where BW is the total body weight; TL is the total length; and a and b are LWRs’ parameter (Hossain et al., in review) The relative weight (WR) was estimated following Froese (2006) as: WR = (W/WS) 100, where W is the weight of a particular individual and WS is the predicted standard weight for this individual and was calculated as WS = a TLb, where a and b values were obtained from TL and BW relationships (Hossain et al., in review) The form factor (a3.0) for these alien species were calculated using the equation of Froese (2006) as: a3.0 = 10log as(b3), where a and b are LWRs parameter and s is the regression slope of ln a vs b (Hossain et al., in review) The size at first sexual maturity (Lm) was calculated by the equation of Binohlan and Froese (2009) as: log (Lm) = 0.1189 + 0.9157 * log (Lmax) for the different ecosystems separately Furthermore, our study calculated the form factor and first sexual maturity of these alien fish species from different world-wide water bodies using data from available literature Statistical analyses were done using MicrosoftÒ Excel-addin-DDXL and Graph Pad Prism 6.5 software (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA) Spearman rank correlation test were used to compare the relationships of condition factors with TL and BW All statistical analyses were significant at 5% (P < 0.05) Results A total of 273 individuals of alien fish species (Fig 1) belonging to four families (Cichlidae, Clariidae, Cyprinidae, and Pangasiidae) were analyzed for our study Here, the minimum specimen was 12.4 cm in TL for C carpio and maximum was 61.0 cm TL for C idella Descriptive statistics on the condition factors with their 95% confidence limit are shown in Table Among four types of condition factors, Fluton0 s (KF) was highly correlated with TL and BW for B gonionotus (Spearman rank-correlation test, P = 0.001), A nobilis (P = 0.01), H nobilis (P < 0.001), and P hypophthalmus (P = 0.01) In our study, the calculated form factor was 0.0270 for B gonionotus, 0.0077 for C gariepinus, 0.0119 for C idella, 0.0194 for C carpio, 0.0101 for H molitrix, 0.0092 for H nobilis, 0.0158 for O niloticus and 0.0105 for P hypophthalmus (Table 2) In addition, the size (TL) at first sexual maturity was estimated as 12.30 cm for B gonionotus, 25.53 cm for C gariepinus, 32.80 cm for C idella, 18.22 cm for C carpio, 23.92 cm for H molitrix, 30.18 cm for H nobilis, 21.78 cm for 336 Table M.Y Hossain et al The calculated size at first sexual maturity (Lm) of alien fish species from different waterbodies world over Species name Max TL (cm) Water-body References Lm 95% CL of Lm Barbonymus gonionotus 40.5 Jatiluhur Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia Chi River, Thailand Hardjamulia et al (1988) 22.54 17.31–29.16 Satrawaha and Pilasamorn (2009) Garcia (2010) 19.21 14.85–24.71 12.41 9.78–12.73 Present study 12.30 9.70–15.60 Witte and de Winter (1995) 53.00 39.21–70.54 King (1996) Dadebo (2000) Harrison (2001) Fafioye and Oluajo (2005) Britton and Harper (2006) Lale`ye` (2006) Oăzcan(2008) Present study 22.40 56.30 34.67 13.96 24.47 27.34 25.84 25.53 17.20–28.95 41.53–75.1 26.13–35.50 10.95–17.77 18.73–31.74 20.82–35.59 19.72–33.57 19.50–33.16 34.0 21.1 (SL) 20.9 Clarias gariepinus 103.0 40.2 110.0 64.8 (SL) 24.0 44.3 (FL) 50.0 47.0 46.4 Ctenopharyngodon idella Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Billard (1997) Ye et al (2007) Treer et al (2008) Wang et al (2012) 74.77 41.18 37.70 37.21 54.50–100.69 30.80–54.35 28.30–49.60 27.95–48.94 Present study 32.80 24.7842.96 Alabama, USA Lake Cáernek, Turkey Lake Toăduărge, Turkey Lake Toăduărge, Turkey Lake Akehir, Turkey Mamasn Reservoir, Turkey Altnkaya Reservoir, Turkey Mamasn Reservoir, Turkey Hirfanl Reservoir, Turkey Lake Beyehir, Turkey Lake Beyehir, Turkey Lake Toăduărge, Turkey Lake Eber, Turkey Lake eyehir, Turkey Northwestern Bangladesh Carlander (1969) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Vilizzi et al (2013) Present study 39.15 25.33 23.05 23.71 29.84 30.33 36.1 34.77 35.26 35.75 36.53 23.71 40.12 36.72 18.22 29.35–51.58 19.35–32.90 17.70–29.84 18.17–30.72 22.63–38.95 23.00–36.62 27.15–47.42 26.20–45.63 26,55–46.30 26.90–46.95 27.46–48.01 18.17–30.72 30.04–52.90 27.60–48.28 14.12–23.40 105.0 USA IGFA (2001) 53.94 39.87–71.84 64.1 73.3 (FL) Lake Niusha, Yangtze River, China Tian-e-zho Oxbow, Yangtze River, China Northwestern Bangladesh Ye et al.(2007) Wang et al (2012) 34.33 38.81 25.88–45.03 29.11–51.12 Present study 23.92 18.32–31.00 Kottelat and Freyhof (2007) Ye et al (2007) Garcia (2010) 72.95 38.86 17.02 53.21–98.15 29.14–51.20 13.23–21.81 Wang et al (2012) 46.60 34.67–61.76 Present study 30.18 22.88–39.42 Vakili (1989) Eccles (1992) Witte and de Winter (1995) Tadesse (1997) Coulibaly (2003) 20.14 32.31 25.38 18.17 16.60 15.54–29.94 24.42–42.30 19.40–32.96 14.10–23.33 12.92–21.25 Ahmed et al (2003) Konan et al (2007) 28.84 15.34 21.91–37.61 11.98–19.58 74.0 46.0 41.5 42.8 55.0 56.0 67.7 65.0 66.0 67.0 68.6 42.8 76.0 69.0 32.1 (FL) (FL) (FL) (FL) (FL) (FL) (FL) (FL) (FL) (FL) (FL) (FL) (FL) 43.2 H nobilis 146.0 (SL) 73.4 29.8 (SL) 89.5 (FL) 55.7 Oreochromis niloticus Mwanza and Speke Gulfs, Lake Victoria, Tanzania Zaria, Nigeria Lake Awassa, Ethiopia Estuaries, South Africa Epe Lagoon, Nigeria Lake Baringo, Kenya Oue´me´ River Basin, Benin Hatay Region, Turkey Northwestern Bangladesh d’eau douce des rivie`res de France Lake Niushan, Yangtze River, China Freshwaters, Croatia Tian-e-zhou Oxbow, Yangtze River, China Northwestern Bangladesh 150.0 78.2 71.0 70.0 (FL) 61.0 Cyprinus carpio Pampanga River, Candaba, Philippines Northwestern Bangladesh 35.8 60.0 (SL) 46.1 32.0 29.0 (SL) 53.0 26.6 (SL) European freshwater Lake Niushan Yangtze River, Chaina Pampanga River, Candaba, Philippines Tian-e-zhou Oxbow, Yangtze River, China Northwestern Bangladesh Lake Edward, Congo Dem Rp Tanzania Lake Victoria, Tanzania Lake Tana, Ethiopia Mouhoun, Volta River, Burkina Faso Kaptai Lake, Bangladesh River Bia; Rivers Soumie´, Eholie´, Ehania and Noe´, Cote d’Ivoir Biometrics and sexual maturity of Alien fishes, Bangladesh 337 Table (continued) Species name Max TL (cm) Water-body References Lm 95% CL of Lm 26.5 21.3 (SL) Lale`ye` (2006) Garcia (2010) 15.30 12.52 11.94 – 19.51 9.86–15.87 Naeem et al (2010) 11.00 8.72–13.90 39.0 Oue´me´ River Basin, Benin Pampanga River, Candaba, Philippines Indus River, southern Punjab, Pakistan Northwestern Bangladesh Present study 21.78 16.75–28.13 130.0 (SL) Asian waters 65.60 48.07–87.93 91.5 38.1 USA Northwestern Bangladesh Roberts and Vidthayanon (1991) IGFA (2001) Present study 47.55 21.32 33.34–63.06 16.41–27.52 18.5 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus TL, total length; SL, standard length; FL, fork length; Max, maximum; Lm, size at first sexual maturity; CL, confidence limit for mean values O niloticus, and 21.32 cm for P hypophthalmus (Table 3) Furthermore, the calculated form factor and first sexual maturity of these species from different water bodies are presented in Tables and 3, respectively Discussion Condition factors are very important for assessing the condition of fish species in different habitats (Froese, 2006; Hossain et al., 2012a) In our study, we have worked on four condition factors (KA, KF, KR, and WR), based on their relationships with TL and BW, Fulton0 s condition factor was the best index for assessing the well-being of these alien species in our study areas The form factor is a marker of body shape; elongated, round, or spherical (Froese, 2006) According to Froese (2006), B gonionotus, C carpio, and O niloticus was short and deep bodied (form factor ranges from 0.0158 to 0.0270) C idella, H molitrix, H nobilis, and P hypophthalmus were fusiform (form factor varied from 0.0092 to 0.0119), and C gariepinus was elongated (form factor 0.0077) in shape The size of fishes may vary due to gender, season, feeding rate, gonadal development, water flow, and their behavior (Tarkan et al., 2006; Hossain et al., 2006; Muchlisin et al., 2010), which we did not study Studies on size at sexual maturity of fishes from Bangladeshi waters are limited (except Hossain et al., 2010, 2012b, 2012c) This is the first attempt to estimate the size at fist sexual maturity of these alien species from Bangladeshi waters and elsewhere, using available literature The size at sexual maturity varies from one habitat to another, likely due to the diverse climatic and trophic parameters that characterize various areas (Sinovcic and Zorica, 2006) However, there are no references dealing with the condition, form factor, and size at first sexual maturity of these alien species which prevents the comparative study Therefore, the findings of this study provide an important baseline for further study and comparisons Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their gratitude to (i) The World Academy of Science (TWAS) for research Grants (Ref: RGA No 14-028 RG/BIO/AS_1; UNESCO FR; 324028574) (ii) the Ministry of Education, Bangladesh for funding (No 37.200000.004.003.005.2014-1309/1(42); Date: 10-08-2014), and (iii) R.L Vadas Jr (Washington 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