Analysis of Stress strain State Rainfall Runoff Control System – Buttress Dam Procedia Engineering 165 ( 2016 ) 1619 – 1628 Available online at www sciencedirect com 1877 7058 © 2016 The Authors Publi[.]
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1619 – 1628 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development” Analysis of stress-strain state rainfall runoff control system – buttress dam Olga Degtyarevaa, Georgy Degtyareva, Issa Togob, Vitaly Terleevb, Aleksandr Nikonorovb,*, Yulia Volkovb a b Kuban State Agrarian University, st of Kalinin 13, Krasnodar, 350044 Russia Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St Petersburg, 195251, Russia Abstract Black Sea cities and Crimea Peninsula аre suffering from lack of fresh water The patented precipitation flow control systems, offered by authors of the research, may solve the problem The process of modeling the structures during the design stage allows creating safe and cost-effective systems The system of both aboveground and underground reservoirs is proposed Offered method uses the states of the hydromechanics as a tool for underground space development 2016The TheAuthors Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license © 2016 © Published by Elsevier Ltd This Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Urbanisation as aresponsibility Prerequisiteof fortheSustainable Development Prerequisite for Sustainable Development Keywords: lack of fresh water, hydraulic structures, mathematical modeling, butress reinforced concrete dam, hydromechanics, underground space development Introduction Black Sea cities and Crimea Peninsula are not provided by the fresh water in summer period for needs of the population, tourism, agriculture and industry * Corresponding author +7-921-385-2180 E-mail address: coolhabit@yandex.ru 1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 15th International scientific conference “Underground Urbanisation as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.902 1620 Olga Degtyareva et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1619 – 1628 Sustainable development of the cities and surrounding areas directly related to the availability of these resources [1-3] The rivers and the streams of Black Sea coast are short, but abounded The rains or underground waters aliment them Water regime of Black Sea rivers is peculiar Snow cover in the basins of these rivers is unstable and when it melts, there is no pronounced flooding The total annual flow of fresh water into the Black Sea reaches 7.5 km3 Rivers differ by the great drops and biases, that`s because they are so fast-flowing Valleys of many rivers have ravine character, especially in the upper reaches The water could go up to 3-5 meters during the summer heavy rains In order to provide the water during the dry season to the consumers on the Black Sea coast, Kuban state Agrarian University has developed and patented technologies and technical facilities The use of these technologies will allow a reliable water intake in the required amount throughout the period of exploitation period The technical result is achieved in a device, which is intended for a regulation of groundwater accumulation The device includes waterproof barrage in the lateral alignment of the valley, completely overlying the aquifer and forming an underground reservoir The overhead reservoir is located above the underground reservoir and formed by the aerial (buttress) dam spanning the cross target of the river valley The regulation of groundwater accumulation by this device is realized in that inflows of the groundwater and surface water are accumulated respectively in the underground reservoir and in the above-ground reservoir due to the infiltration of rainfall and flooding [4-8] An innovative approach to solving the problem lies in the intensive use of precipitation water and lands in the mountain gorges The gorge itself should be used multiple times by the groundwater flow accumulation in the underground reservoirs while the simultaneous arrangement of the surface water reservoirs on the surface All of these in a complex compose the system of precipitation runoff regulation (SPR-R) At the same time there could be several reservoirs, both underground and above-ground, depending on the catchment area It is necessary to pay close attention to the stress-strain state (SSS) analysis of the above-ground dam, depending the operational conditions [9-11] All the research was done strictly according to the hydrological soil properties relations [12-17] Materials and method The real necessity of precipitation runoff accumulation proceeded in the 2014 in a valley, situated in the close proximity to the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar region At the initial stage, a system analysis method was employed It allows determining that the most appropriate solution, in view of the situation, is the use of reinforced concrete buttress dam as a facility which providing the overlap of mountain gorge Received hydrogeological studies on the construction site indicated the significant seismicity of the area and the complex geology, represented by the marl-fractured rock The total burdeness of the object by the complex actual conditions demanded further researches, which was carried out using the mathematical modeling method Estimated study was carried out with the use of a multifunctional software package for the calculation, research and design of the structures – «Stark_ES», version 2016 The computational model describes the detail structural diagram of the construction taking into account the ground conditions The aim of the calculation is the obtaining of the data for VAT analysis in all the above-ground structural elements of the dam Particular attention should be paid to the study of the space-stressed state of the buttresses in the body of the dam, including the non-uniform temperature field [18-20] Results and discussions Constructive solutions of the reinforced concrete buttress dam are the following: x Underground part of the dam presented by the monolithic concrete constructions, pile foundation, which is integrated by the grillage; x Above-ground part is a vertical standpipe monolithic wall, the geometric immutability in the horizontal direction is provided by the buttresses The computational model of the provided facility is shown in the Figure Olga Degtyareva et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1619 – 1628 Fig The computational model of the provided facility The finite element method (FEM) is used for determining the SSS during the computer modeling The main calculations, which performed based on the finite element method, include the following: x static analysis; x calculation of free oscillations; x spectral analysis of the stiffness matrix Modeling of the working conditions of the aerial part of the SPR-R system is carried out in the PC «Stark_ES» version 2016 Two questions are considered: x modeling of pseudo-static (seismic) forces, which are affecting the object; x stress-strain state analysis of the construction taking into account the above mentioned factor and hydrostatic pressure Driving loads from added mass, which affect the studied object, are presented in Figure Fig Driving loads from added mass 1621 1622 Olga Degtyareva et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1619 – 1628 Added water mass under the horizontal direction of the seismic action is calculated as follows: ݉௪ ൌ ௪ ݄ߤ߰Ǣ (1) where ௪ – density of water; ݄- water depth near the construction; ߤ – dimensionless ratio of the added mass of water Calculated rod model of SPR-R system is made in the software complex Stark_ES and shown on the Figure Fig Rod SPR-R system model Coefficient ߤ is calculated as: ߤൌ ோାభ ሺିଵሻ ଵାయ ሺିଵሻ Ǣ (2) כ Acceleration of the dam crest ܵ is calculated by formula: כ ܵ ൌ ݉ܭ ߚq ߟ (3) ߟ – coefficient, which depends on the form of self-oscillations and the place of ݇ – point, is calculated by the formula: ߟ ൌ ሺ௫ೖ ሻ σ ೕసభ ொೕ ሺ௫ೕ ሻ మ σ ೕసభ ொೕ ೕ ሺ௫ೕ ሻ (4) Coefficients ܴǡ ܥଵ ǡ ܥଷ are selected from the Table 1, depending on the ratio ݖΤ݄,, where – ݖordinate point of the upstream face, for which the added water mass is calculated 1623 Olga Degtyareva et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1619 – 1628 Table Ratio ǡ ଵ ǡ ଷ by Τ Τ ଵ ଷ 0.2 0.36 0.09 0.73 0.4 0.55 0.10 0.46 0.6 0.66 0.08 0.23 0.8 0.72 0.07 0.06 0.74 0.06 0.0 Modeling of the construction was carried out in a 3D setting with a view to refine an analysis of the SSS part of the SPR-R system – monolithic reinforced concrete construction Added mass of water is appointed co-directional to the upstream side of the SRP-R of the dam, which is shown in Figure Fig Setting the load of the added mass of water Support consolidation of the SPR-R system is shown on the Figure Fig Support consolidation of the SPR-R system 1624 Olga Degtyareva et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1619 – 1628 Definition of inertial pseudo-static (seismic) forces is carried out from the weight of aboveground part of the system and the added mass of water Pseudo-static (seismic) forces are formed in the result of the calculation to determine the inertial effect Static calculation is performed to determine the stresses in the monolithic reinforced concrete part of the SPR-R system Contour plots of the horizontal stresses (ɐଵ ), vertical stresses (σ3) and the tangent stresses (τ) was calculated by the combinations, of them are shown in the Figure 6-8 Fig Contour plot of the horizontal stresses Combination and Fig Contour plot of the vertical stresses Combination and Olga Degtyareva et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1619 – 1628 Fig Contour plot of the tangent stresses Combination and Excessive shear stress in relation to the load-bearing capacity against the shift can be stated as a result of the analysis of the stresses in piles excluding «head-on» fence Grillage arrangement on the bedrock requires a recess in which reinforcement, formwork and other types of works can be held However, excavation backfill in this case is impossible because the bedrock cannot be sealed Respectively, the grillage is in the situation which is different from the design conditions Therefore, it needs to carry out a comparative analysis of the part of SPR-R system with monolithic grillage «head-on» fence on the rock massif on the lower reach Driving boundary anchorages accounting the grillage «headon» fence is shown in the Figure Fig Driving boundary anchorages accounting the grillage «head-on» fence Modeling of the part of SPR-R system was performed and the results was analyzed and compared with the calculation result without a «head-on» fence accounting Contour plots of the horizontal stresses (ߪଵ ), vertical stresses (σ3) and the tangent stresses (τ) was calculated by the combinations, of them are shown in the Figures 10-12 1625 1626 Olga Degtyareva et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1619 – 1628 Fig 10 Contour plot of the horizontal stresses with the grillage «head-on» fence Fig 11 Contour plot of the vertical stresses with the grillage «head-on» fence Fig 12 Contour plot of the horizontal stresses with the grillage «head-on» fence Olga Degtyareva et al / Procedia Engineering 165 (2016) 1619 – 1628 1627 Confirmatory analysis was performed in order to determine the degree of reinforcement Diagrams of grillage reinforcement with accounted «head-on» fence and buttress reinforcement diagrams are shown in the Figure 13 Fig 13 Diagrams of pressure wall and buttress reinforcement Summary Numerical reduction of the cross-section value is observed during the grillage reinforcing accounting the «headon» fence This statement is based on the results of the SPR-R system modeling excluding «head-on» fence and taking into account the «head-on» fence of the grillage This will lead to economic efficiency of the system as a whole It should be noted that the inclusion of the «head-on» fence increases the bearing capacity of the structure and prevents the horizontal shift In addition, it is important to hold a specific soil researches before the main arrangements to discover a hydrophysical properties of the soil [21-25] The patented SPR-R systems provide the city with water, which suffers from this resource There are enough places on the territory of Black Sea coast of Krasnodar region and Crimea Peninsula, where innovative projects implementation is possible The prospects of further researches will be directed to the link of SPR-R to the specific cities In addition, the smallest length of pipelines as well as the specific needs of the city in fresh 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x spectral analysis of the stiffness matrix Modeling of the working conditions of the aerial part of the SPR-R system is carried... side of the SRP-R of the dam, which is shown in Figure Fig Setting the load of the added mass of water Support consolidation of the SPR-R system is shown on the Figure Fig Support consolidation of