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II NGHIEN CCrU & CTNG DUNG THIET KE THIET Bj GIAO DUG TlTLAIVI HO XRCJ D A Y HOC HIIMH HOC K H O N G GIAN IS Trin Trung Trudng ou bi Dqi hgc Ddn tgc Sdm Son Ô ng Thanh Hung TrUdng THPT Tam Ndng tinh[.]
II NGHIEN CCrU & CTNG DUNG THIET KE THIET Bj GIAO DUG TlTLAIVI H O XRCJ D A Y H O C HIIMH H O C K H O N G G I A N IS Trin Trung Trudng ou bi Dqi hgc Ddn tgc Sdm Son O^ng Thanh Hung TrUdng THPT Tam Ndng tinh Ddng Thd Mpt phdn khdng the thieu dviy hpc toan d trfldng Trung hpc phd thdng (THPT) hifn la sfl hd trp trfle quan cua cac thiet bi d^y hpc (TBDH) Tuy nhien, mdi loijii thiet bj hd trp deu ed nhflng flu dicm vd h^n chc nhat djnh Do dd, vifc thiet ke vd sfl dyng TBDH tfl lam d^iy hpc mdn Todn Id mpt vifc can thiet, vfla phu hpp vdi tinh hinh thflc te gidng d^y, vfla huy dpng dflpc sfl tich cflc, chu dpng va sdng tao eua ngfldi d^y Bdi viet ndy trmh bdy vifc thiet ke md hinh hinh hpc khdng gian lam phflpng tifn trfle quan d?iy hpc giflp gidp vien (GV) sfl dung d?y hpc khai nifm, djnh ll, gidi bdi tap, vd giup hpe sinh ed hinh anh trfle quan hdn vifc hpe hmh hpc khdng gian ldp 11 THPT Chflc ning cua phfldng tifn tn/c quan d^y hpc Trong qua trinh day hpe, chflc ndng cua phfldng tifn trfle quan (PTTQ) the hifn sfl tde dpng tich cflc cd djnh hfldng den hpc sinh (HS) nhim d?t dflpc mye dieh hpe t^p Cde chflc nang chu yeu eua PTTQ day hpc nhfl sau: Phdt then hUng thu hgc tap: Tao eho HS cam nhdn dflp'e ede tinh hudng cd vin de, tao sfl hflng thfl todn hpe Tai tto cho HS npi dung cae van de nghien cflu d^ng ngdn gpn, nham cung cd, ghi nhd, van dyng kien thflc Truyen thu tri thUc: T90 cae hinh dnh cam tinh, cdc bieu tflpng vc ddi tflpng nghien cflu Giup nhdn thflc chuyen tfl cy the den trflu tflpng Minh hpa bdng hinh anh eho ede khdi nifm trflu tflpng da biet tfl trfldc Khi nhdn thfle ehuyen tfl trflu tflpng den cy the Hlnh thdnh ky ndng cho hgc sinh (HS): Giiip cho HS vflpt qua dflpc mpt sd khd khan ve mat tfl duy, tfl dd phdt trien ky ning cua HS Cho HS ldm quen vdi sfl sfl dyng de tim ede kien thflc can thiet vd dp dyng nd Ldm cho HS ldm quen vdi cdc phflpng phdp nghien cflu tpdn hpe Dieu khien qud trinh dgy hgc: Hfldng dan phflpng phdp trinh bdy ehu de nghien cflu cho gido vien (GV) Nhanh ehdng ldm xuat hifn vd ngflng truyen thdng tin hpc t^p trpng ho?it dpng nh^n thflc, kiem tra vd ddnh gia ket qui d^y hpc Bdo dam thfle hifn cde h i n h thflc hpc Mian bdi ngdy 10/2/2012 U • TAP CHi THI^BI GIAO Due-sd 79-3/2012 tdp cd bift vd phdn nhdm Thiet kef thiet bj giao dye tfl lam hd tr^ d^y hpc hinh hpc khdng gian 2.1 Cdu tgo Vdt lieu: Nhdm ((p8), banh nhfla (r =0.9em), Mica trong, day vd kim cut, nam chdm Cdc chi tiet: Dinh da difn: a / Dung nhdm >^'y md td eho dfldng thang, doan thing vd c?uih da difn Dung mica C md td eho mat phang * • : ^ //(///; J Tao hinh chieu vudng gde: Dung ddy, banh vd kim ket lai nhfl hinh sau: Hinh mnh I Md ta vj tri tflpng ddi eua diem vd dfldng thing; diem vdi mdt phang; dfldng thing vdi Tdng hpp cdc yeu td cua dfldng thing; dfldng thing vdi thiet bj d^y hpe tfl ldm gdm: mdt phlng; mdt phlng vdi mdt phlng Dung dinh vd ede c^nh nhfl tren tao nen cdc hinh da difn nhfl hinh Sfl dyng TBDH tfl lam hd tr^ day hpc hinh hpc khdng gian 3.1 Sii dung dgy hgc 2.2 Md td cdc khdi niem cua hinh hgc Dung banh nhfla md khonggian td cho diem Hmh thdnh khdi niim ve da dien Dung banh nhfla khde mdu md ta cdc dinh cua da difn, ede nhdm dflpc cat theo kieh thflde phu hpp tao nen da dang cdc hinh da difn vd day de md ta hinh da dien vd ede yeu td cua nd Hinh thdnh khdi niim diem, dudng thdng, mat phdng vd vi tri tUdng ddi cua chung Md td vj tri tfldng ddi eua hai dfldng thing: Dung hai nhdm Md td vj tri tfldng ddi gifla dfldng thing vd mdt phlng: Dung mdt nhdm vdi mpt mdt phlng bang mica 3.2 Sd dung dgy hgc cdc dinh li vd cdc tinh chdt cua hinh hgc khonggian Chung ta eung sfl dyng eae nhdm, banh nhfla va mdt phlng mica de thiet ke cde md TAP CHi THI^ BI GIAO DUC-sd 79-3/2012 • 21 II NGHIEN CCru & CTNG DUNG hinh nhdm giup HS co sfl trfle quan vd sfl thfla nhdn djnh 11, tinh chat d mfle ban dau 7^.'TMTf Hinh Vi dy: De hfldng dan chflng minh dinh U dfldng thing vudng gdc mdt phlng ta thflc hdnh thao tdc hfldng dan tren hinh ben Hinh 3.3 Sii dung dgy hgc Sau dd tien hdnh GV dan gidi hdi tap hlnh hgc khdng dit, gpi md de HS tim ldi giii gian bai todn ve hinh chdp Cic bdi tip hinh hpe khdng gian ed the khien khdng it HS gdp khd khdn Mpt nhflng nguyen nhdn Id HS khdng ve dflpc hinh hode yeu cdc ky nang nhfl xac djnh gdc gifla dfldng thing vdi mdt phlng, gdc gifla mdt phlng vdi mdt phlng, Mpt nhflng cdch giup HS thudn lpi hdn tim each gidi ede bdi tdp hinh hpc khdng gian Id sfl dyng PTTQ Vi dy: - Dl HS hinh thdnh ky ning ve vi nim dflpc cic tinh chit cua hmh chdp Khi d^y ve hinh chdp, giip vien (GV) cho HS quan sat cic md hinh nhfl: Hinh Tfl vifc hinh thdnh ky nang ve hlnh, mpt sd ky nang can thiet vd vifc ndm vflng cdc khdi nifm, ede tinh chat thi ky nang giai bai tdp eua HS se dflpc edi thifn Sfl dyng TBDH tfl lam day hpe hinh hpe khdng gian ldp 11 THPT vdi mye di'ch trfle quan hda mpt sd ddi tflpng hinh hpe se lam ehp vifc truyen tdi kien thflc den HS mpt each di ddng hdn, gidm bdt edng sfle, tiet kifm thdi gian vd ning cao tinh hifu qud Mdt khic, HS tiep thu kien thfle dflde tfl nhifn va ed cd sd trfle quan hdn ve ddi tfldng hinh hpe, tao nen hflng thu hpc tap vd trd thdnh dpng lfle eho vifc tfl hpe, tfl nghien cflu eua HS Ddng thdi giup cde em cd them trdi nghifm vdi phfldng phdp hpc, phfldng phap khdm phd trpng tfldng lai Tii lifu tham khio Td Xudn Gidp, PhUdng tiin dgy hgc (hUdng ddn che tqo vd sU dung), NXB D^ hpc va Trung hpc chuyen nghifp, 1992 Phd Dflc Hda, Ngo Quang Sdn, Ung dung cdng nghe thdngtintrong dgy hgctichciic, NXB Gido dye, 2008 Tran Trung, Cng dung cdng nghe thdngtinvdo dgy hgc mdn Todn dtirUdngphd thong, NXB Gido dye Vift Nam, 2011 Summary Di khic phye tinh t r ^ g This article presents the xie djnh khdng dung vi gde design self-teaching facihties as a gifla cae mdt, gifla c^nh vdi mit means of visuahzation to support eua hinh da difn Trong d^y teachers use in teaching and help giii bii tip, GV cd the cho HS students with visual images than tiep xue vdi md hinh de HS cd in learning the space geometry sfl trfle quan chinh xie: 11th grade in high school ll • TAP CHi THI^BI GIAO DUC-sd 79-3/2012 ... Sfl dyng TBDH tfl lam hd tr^ day hpc hinh hpc khdng gian 3.1 Sii dung dgy hgc 2.2 Md td cdc khdi niem cua hinh hgc Dung banh nhfla md khonggian td cho diem Hmh thdnh khdi niim ve da dien Dung... hdnh GV dan gidi hdi tap hlnh hgc khdng dit, gpi md de HS tim ldi giii gian bai todn ve hinh chdp Cic bdi tip hinh hpe khdng gian ed the khien khdng it HS gdp khd khdn Mpt nhflng nguyen nhdn Id... hpe khdng gian ldp 11 THPT vdi mye di''ch trfle quan hda mpt sd ddi tflpng hinh hpe se lam ehp vifc truyen tdi kien thflc den HS mpt each di ddng hdn, gidm bdt edng sfle, tiet kifm thdi gian vd