DAG TRDNG VA H i SO YED GAD CDA Vlf C DAY HOG MON Ml THDAT &mudNG PHO THONG Trong chUdngtrinh giaodiicdtieu hpc fTH) va tmng hgc co sd (THCS) hien nay, mon W/" tfjt/a/(MT) chiem vjtrikhaquan trgng vcS[.]
CVv216S360201 5051.pdf DAG TRDNG VA H i SO YED GAD CDA Vlf C DAY HOG MON Ml THDAT &mudNG PHO THONG TS N G U Y E N THU T U A N ' T rong chUdngtrinh giaodiicdtieu hpc fTH) va tmng hgc co sd (THCS) hien nay, mon W/" tfjt/a/(MT) chiem vjtrikhaquan trgng vcSnhiem vy glao due cho hoc sinh (HS) thj hieu tham m l - mgt nhiJng yeu to can thiet giiip cac em hinh vaphat trien nhan each toan dien Bai viet de cap dac tn/ng va mpt so yeu eau cija viec day hgc (DH) MT, qua do, gop phan nang cao chat lirgng viec day vahpcbomontrongcacnhatarong hien Muc tieu DH MT d t r u d n g TH va THCS DH MT dtru'dng phothdng cung cap cho HS nhiing hieu biet ca ban ve MT, qua do, khong nhiing giupHSphatttien kha nang tuduy sang tao,cam nhan diicc cai dep, biet tao cai dep m a biet van dung dg' lam dep cho ban than, eho gia dinh va cho xa hpi MIJC dich cua DH MT la tao dieu ki^n cho HS tiep xijc va lam quen voi ng/jelfti/a/tt/g'ac, chl)khong phai tap trung vldayklthuatd^HS vemgteach chinhxacnhukhuon mau; khong day HS hpc va lam theo mgt each rap khuon,maymocnhunggida hgc DHMTtrucfctien la giao due ndng khieu tham mtcho tre; cung cap cho tre nhOng hilu b i ^ vecai dpp cua eugc song^ tren casddo, day cho tre nhihig each lam sang tao de tao cai dep bang khanang vasuhiingthubdlchlnh ban than minh Quatrinh DH MT dtrucffig phdttiong giup cho trehinh i\anhvaphalitnen nang luc Ihih ml kha nang U/du^ vide sang tao; giup cac em biet tim toi, phan tich; biet boc tgban than; khuyen khich tri tudng tuong, sang tao cua HS, cac em biet cam nhan va mng dpng tnJdc eai dep ttong nghe thuat va eugc song, gop phan hoan thien nhan each, day chinh lacasdvuhgehacde vuQ d i p tai nang sang tao cua tre Nhu v ^ , cdthe khang dinh r ^ g : mon hpc MT dtrudng pha thong la moi tn/cffig giao due tham mTco hi§u qua nhat, vi sau dugc cung c ^ nhi}ng h i l u bl^chung, HS can et^ vao tuiig b£u d l tai, ttiugc vao y do, tinh cam, t r tuong, cam xuc cua minh detaora san pham Vidu: dupc giao veve mgt de tai, nhung cac bai lam cija HS se khdng gifing vebocuc, hinh tugng, mau s§e 06 la stream nhan,tuduy vabieu dat eiia moi canhan Dod6,trongquaftinhDHbpm6n,vdivaitr6tochtJc, hu6ng d i n , khieh le s i ; sang tao cho HS, giao vien (GV)kh6ng dugc ap dai each vecho tre, bat trephaive theo y tudng chu quan cua minh, bdi nhuvay se lam mat di ve hon nhien, tha, ngp nghTnh von co cac em De lam duoc dieu nay, trudc het ngudi thay can ton va dong cam vdi each suy nghT, each dat vem de vacach giai quyetvan de timg bai ctia HS Dac trung DH MT d trudng TH va THCS Bd\av'fec sudung cac phuang Hen day hgc (PTDH) nham khh^ich niem say meva kha ning sing tao cda HS De giup HS phat huy dugc tinh sang tao, quatrinh DH.GV can su dttng cac PTDH "tn/c quan hoa"nhunp v ^ dltnXi tupng^trong baigiang, giiip HS t i ^ thu kienttiu'emgt each de dang han, Su t£^ trung chiJycuaHSkhiquansatcacPTDHmaGVdUarase giiJp cho qua trinh nhan thuc eua cac em duoc nhanh han, HS dugc nhin ths^ca hay, cai dep cua doi tuang thong qua PTDH,tu'do cam nhan va tfie hien cai d ^ theo each nhin, each nghT, each cam nhan cua tieng minh Nhd coPTDH ma viec DH MT frd nen sinh dpngva hap d i n han;tao lap dugcmoi trudng hpc tap cdi md, than thien, giau xuc cam, lam tang ccf hpi giao tia), chia se, hpp tac gii^a HS - HS va giua HS - G V; dong thdi kich thich thu nhan thuc, nang liic quan sat, phan tich, tong hap giup cac em nam kien thiiC nhanh hon, sau ban, chac han; goi cho HS each tim cac phuang phap ve tranh mpt each sang tao Vidoi tuong hgc t i p eua nion hoc laHS nhdtuajbacTH va THCS), 156, muon thuyetphueva I6J cuon dugc HS say me, hiJng thil hoc tap, tao suhs^ d i n dac bietVong gidhpc, doi GV phai li/a chwi eae PTDH phij hpp, giup eae em phathuy tri tuong tugng vasangtao.Ngqa viec sudung eae PTDH truywi thong la tranh, anh, mau vat , G V can ket hgp vdi cac phucmg tien kTthuat DH hien dainhutivi.dau video, m^tinh,m^chieu Projector de trinh chiaj nhung hinh anh dgng, quadd, ehuyen tai ngidung baihocmpteaehhaJD din,sinh dpng tdi HS Vi du: to chiic day hpc Bai 1: Tiang triquatgiay (Am nhac v a M T S - plian MT), detao hiJng thii cho HS, G V CO the to chiic cho cac nhdm HS ti/chpn va ti/bay m l u (mau da duac GV phan cong cho HS chuan bi tn/dc), Qua viec eho HS tham gia bay m l u ' TrtfcmgOai hoc strpham Ha Noi (ki2-6/2015) Tap chi Gido due so 360 51 (mauchungvamlucuanh6m),GV giup cac em biet caeh tim chpn dupc bocuc hep Iic6tinh thS'mmTeao eho baive cua minh, cua nhom minh Cach lam vijra phat huy duoc tinh ttjgiac,dpc lap, sang tao hpc tap cua HS, viJra gay dupc thu decac em nang cao nhan thuc ve cai d ^ Sau khicac nhom bay m l u xong, GV phan tich nhiJng i/u, nhuge diem eua viec bay m l u ya dieu ch inh bay lal cho dep, dong fridi hucmg dan deHS hieu decomau vedepcan eosu lija chpn va biet each dat m l u theo dung tutiiedecdbo cue dep Hoac day Bai 13: Tile cac bgphin tren khudn matngudf'{km nhac va MT - phan MT), GV minh hga cho HS xem mgt bijfc tranh c6_khuon mat dep, cac tiletreri khuon mat hai hda dede tao su mng ddng, p_han cho HS; hay day Bai 3: Tao hga ^ttrang ^{km nliac va MT -plian MT), G V cho HS xem bong hoa sen vaphan tich deHS cdthe cam nhan dupc ve dep tu nhien cua bong hoa sen, phan tich dugc "chat cam" cua nd nhu tiie nao, mau s4e cua hoa tt; nhien vdi hoa nhan tao , dong thcrt, nen eho HS xem cac tu lieu khac nhau, nhiJng mo-tip khac ve hoa sen de ggi mdsi/sang tao cho cac em Sau dd.GV giao bai tiip cho HS "Cich dm mgt bdng hoa sen theo y thich cua minh", viia tang cudrig tinh ehu dpng, sang tao, vua tao susay me, phan quatrinh nhan thirc cua cac em Yeu cau s u dung PTDH doi vol GV day MT Xu hudng DH MT hien dai ddi hdi GV phai biet each su'dung ed hieu qua cac PTDH, gdp phan doi mdi phuang phap DHnh^m hudng vao ngudi hpc, "lay ngudi hgc lam taing tam", khoi day niem say me, thu hgc tap, phat huy tinh tieh ci/c, chu dgng, sang tao eua HS thdng qua cac bai ve thi/c hanh; dong thdi, ren luyen cho HS phuong phap hgc tap, phuang phap tu va phuang phap lam viec Mdtsd' GV da quen vdi phuang phap DH tmyen thong, nen thudng ehi quan tam den viec cung cap kienthiJfechoHSmaitchijydencachhgccuaHS,do thudng hay ap dat HS Nhi3ng G V chua thay het dupc y nghTa to Idn cua viec DH neu van de, goi mdvan de, quado, giup HS ddng nao suy nghT, phat huy tri tudng tugng va sang tag cua cac em vao viec hpc va viec venhuthenao.Hgehua lay dd'i tugng HS lam "tmng tam"frong eaetietdayve cua minh,vivay chua phat huy dugc hieu qua cua mdn hgc Dephat huy td'i da cac PTDH, kich thich niem say mevakhanangsangtaocuaHS,khisudungPTDH cae,phan mdn MT, GV can luu y: 3.1 (Jphan mdn Thudng thuc ll4T:G\i cd thd' dung tranh, anh phien ban de giup HS hieu them ve cac tac pham, cac cdng trinh nghe thuat GV yeu cau HS suu tam tranh, anh, cac bai viet cd lien quan d^n 52 ngidung bai hgc, phan tich cho HS hieu vehinh anh dugc gidi tiiieu (ca hay, cai dep, eai hon cua tac pham^ hdi hga, edng trinh kien true, nhiJng san pham MT) de giup HS tid'p tiiu kid'n tiiiic cd hieu qua hon 3.2 dphan mon Vetheo m i u ; Trong phan mon nay, i^a^mJi/la dac biet ciuanfrpng^viHS caned m l u dequan sat roi ve Tuy (jeu kien dmdi dja phuang, khdng bSt bupc phai cd mau dung nhu saeh giao khoa, GV cd the lua ehpn cac vat eo hinh dang tuang tiJ, de kiem (tuy nhiencan dam bao tirih tiiam mT, tinh khoa hpcj Khi dat m l u , G V can hudng dan HS biet each datmautiienao cho dep va phu hop gdc nhin cua minh; sau phan tich mau (dae diem hiph danp, cauteo tiing bp phan, dp dam nhat, mau sic ) de HS n a n dugc va hudng dan HS ve ttieo m l u Trong phan nay, GV cd thd ket hgp giua viec hudng dan bang franh, anh cdsan vdi viec truetiepve len bang Suhudng dan fruc ti^ eua G V giup HS ti^p thu kien thiJc nhanh hon va lam bai cd hieu qua hon KhiHSve,GVttieod6ivahudng dan ttiem cho nhOng HS cdn chua biet each dung hinh, ydu eau cae em vua ve viira so sanh vdi m l u Khi HS ve xong, GV nhan xet rnpt sd'bai e i k HS decac em njt kinh nghiem 3.3 Ophan mon Ve trang tri: GV can ed cac tianh,anh (mdtsd'bai can cdmlu,viHS khdng chthpc ti'ang tri ca ban ma cdn dugc hpc cac baifrangfriiJmg dung nhu trang tri lg hoa, trang tri khan trai ban ) TO" nliQng m l u cho tiudc, HS se biet frang tri cho san pham cua minh sang tao v a d ^ han Delam dupc dieu nayj tmdc het, GV can gidi tiiieu tranh, gidi tiilgu san pham m l u deHS quan sat; sau ddnhan xetva hudng dan deHS biet each tiiuc hien mdt bai tiang fri G V can mjnh hga cac budc tiwihanhbaivetrangtrij^khi hucmg dan xong, GV yeu cau HS khdng nhin m i u madLte vao cam xiic cua ban ttian ve m l u vat de'thuc hien bai lam eua minh, qua giiip cac em phathuy duoi; kha nang tu d^uy doe lap sang tao frong qua trinh hpc tSp 3.4 (Jphan mdn l^e iranft.-Tranh, anh phuc vu cho phan mdn l^efran/igom tranh phien ban cua cac hgasT,tianh c u a H S , ^ n h hudng d i n each ten hanh baive GV nen suu tam tianhcua cac hpasTtieu bieu cua VietNam vattie'gididegiolthieu eho HS;suutam tranh ve eua ttiieu nhi,_cua H S cac nam hpefrudc;gidi thieu cae hinh ^ h veld hdi, vecac cdngfrinhvan hdad dia phuang de m inh hoa cho ndi dung bai ve Neu cd dieu kien, G V nen suu tam mdtsd'frich doan bang hinh CO ndi dung lien quan d a i bai hgc de chg HS xem nhim muc dlch tao hiifngttiu,hudngHSde'n ndi dung bai hpc mfi, hoac eung cap kien thiic mdi, cung ed'kien tiiiic cu Trong phan tim va chgn ndi dung de tai, G V gicritiiigu nhOng buc franh dep tiieo ngidung bai hpc d ^ (Xem tiep trang 55) Tap chi Gido due so 360 (ki2-612015) ma cdn ehu ddng van dung hieu qua kien ttiflc dd nhflnc[dieu kien khac VI dli: dekien thflc va kinh nghiern ve nguyen tac day hpc dupc luu giflfrong tam fri cua SV mdt each ben vimg va cac em eo kha nang van dung vao ttiUe tidn day hgc dtrudng phd'thdng, GV neu nhung tinh huong kho, nhflng cau chuyen phiic tap lien quan d ^ bai hpe va tochiic cho cae em giai quyet nhiem vu Don^ tiidi, yeu cau tiJng nhdm SV ti; xay dung tinh hudng lien quan den chuyen nganh cua minh, frong dd phan anh vide ngudi day da van dung hay vi pham (mdt hoac nhieu} nguyen t i c day hgc NhOng tinh hudng duge cac nhdm S V "nhap var ldp hgcpiadjnh,sau d o G V v a S V nhan xet, bo sung de dl den ket luan chung Nhu vay, npi dung tri tiiuc ve nguyen tac day hpc da Ihsmn" vao tam fri ctia mdi SV tiong sutrai nghiem day hting tiiu Day se la kinh nghi&n "dau vao"cho chu frinh hpc tap frai nghiem tid'p theo dd'i vdi bai hgc mdi Dt/a vao cac giai doan MH HTTN eua David A Koib cung nhu ttitA; tien day hpc va dac tiiu mdn GDH dfrudng DHSP, ehung tdi cho ring;^GV can c6 trach nhiem thiet ke va to chfle mpt chuoi cac trai nghidm cdanh hudng tieh cue den nhflng trai nghiem lidn quan de'n cdngyiec tuang lal cua SV s u ph^mbingcachxuatphattiibatcuglaidoannaocua chu trinh va dugc tiiuc hien hoac ngoai Idp hpe, tiiupc vao ndi dung bai hpc, nhung dieu kien mdi frudng va dac die'm tam sinh li, nang li/c nhan ttiuc, kinh nghiem xahgi cua SV Vide van dung cac gial doan MHHTTN cua Davkl A Kolb vao day hgc nidn GDHdtii/dng DHSP se gdp phan nang cao chait lupng dao tao giao vien mdt each bwi vflng vi vfla khuyen khich SV phat tiien h/duy phe phan, ti/djnh hudng each thflc giai quyet vj&i d i v a dua quyetdjnh hoaii canh cd lien quan de'n ban tiian n h i m nang cao ket qua hgc tap mdn hpc; vfla giup eae em tid'p can sau hon ve mdt chlSn luge day hgc de' hudng de'n cac iing dung ed chlttlugngfronghoatdgng nghenghiep frudng.G (I) Kolb, D.A Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1984 T&i li^u t h a m khdo Pham Vi^t Vminig Bai t§p G i i o due hpc NXB Dgi Ape wp/i(im, H.2008 Trfln Thi Tuy^t Oanh (chu bien) Gido d u e hoc {t$p 1) NXB D^i hoc suphgm, H 2009 SUMMARY DavidA I^lb is a famous American educational theorist One of his most successful studies is experienUa! learning theory, in which he clarified the coanecUons between theory and pracUce, abstract conceptualization and concrete experiment, emotions (apprehension) and comprehension grasped throu^ a model ofexpenential learning This model emerged and became popular in the late 2a'' century and now it is increasingly being applied to education and training In this paper, we would mention some fundamentals of Kolb's experiential leamingmodeland then how to apply its stages to pedagogy teachingat University of Education DactrinigvainptsOpGau (Tiep Iheo trang 52) HS biet each tiie'hidn mdt buc tranh Uieo chu de De HS bietcach tiiuc hien mdtbuc tranh detai hoan chinh vend! dung, bd'cLic, hlnh ve, mau sac, G V can hudng d i n l-IS tiiuc hien ve franh ttieo tling budc cutiie'.Trong HS lam bai, G V nen nhan xet -2 bai veeutiieeua HS deca ldp nit kinh nghiem nham chinh dd'n nhung sai sdt, hoac bie'u duung, ddng vien kip tiidl cae bai ve dep dekhiehletinh than hang hai hgc t ^ cua calop.Khi HS iam bai xong, GV chpn mdtsobaide'HS nhan xet, phan tich nhung uu diem, ban che; sau dd, G V chdt lai kiai thiic, cung cd'bal DH MT theo hudngphat huy kha nang sang tap cua HS la gop phan ddi mdi phuong phap DH lay ngudi hgc lam tmng tam", bien quatrinh dao tao tiianh qua trinh tu dao tao Qua dd, giiip HS hie'u biet ve nhflnggia trj tiiam mlvanhan van cuahientiiiA; xung quanh, hinli tiianh va phattrie'n cam xuc, hting ttiu, tinhyeuvaniemsaymenghethuatchocaeem.a Tai lieu tham khao Dam Luy^n (chu bien) Mflt stf vfin de dtfi mtfi phuong phdp day hoc mfln IVO thudt trung hoc co-so^ NXB G)d«#