Thông tin tài liệu
LISTENING
TO THE EARTH
An Environmental Audit
For Benedictine Communities
by
Benedictine Sisters of Erie, Pennsylvania
at Lake Erie-Allegheny Earth Force
About the authors:
This Environmental Audit for Benedictine Communities in Central and South
America was prepared under the direction of members of the Benedictine Sisters
of Erie, PA whose work with Earth Force, Inc. gives expression to the
Community’s commitment to Ecological Stewardship.
Principal author, William L. Bartlett, graduated from Edinboro University of
Pennsylvania with Bachelor’s degrees in Philosophy and Mathematics; he has
been an advocate for environmental protection and human rights through his
work with various non-profit making organisations. Presently he is preparing to
spend a year serving as an Americorps volunteer working with Lake Erie-
Allegheny Earth Force, where he will continue to work with groups of youth
trying to implement sustainable changes in their communities. He remains very
grateful for the Benedictine community of Erie, and for his beautiful son who
was born during the preparation of this manual.
Annette Marshall, OSB has served as Director of Administration for the
Western Pennsylvania (USA) branch of Earth Force* since 1997. After twenty-
five years as teacher and school administrator in Catholic elementary and high
schools, she now enjoys sharing her love for nature and her commitment to
developing the next generation of civic leaders with school teachers
and youth leaders.
Pat Lupo, OSB has served as Program Director for the Western Pennsylvania
(USA) branch of Earth Force since 1997. Daily through the education of
teachers and students and in her personal commitment to local, state, national
and bi-national boards, Pat models responsible citizenship
and environmental stewar
dship.
Margarita Dangel, OSB has served as Education Director for the Western
P
ennsylvania (USA) branch of Earth Force since 1997. Her position as a
summer camp director and assistant for environmental education at the
Benedictine owned center prepar
ed her in many ways to guide youth and
educators to become actively involved in their community. Her goal is to help
young people realize that they are really needed in their community and that
they can contribute to finding solutions to envir
onmental problems.
* www.earthforce.org/section/offices/lea
Cover image: “Web of Life” painting by Daniel Fallshaw
www
.artofcreation.co.uk.
LISTENING
TO THE EARTH
An Environmental Audit
for Benedictine Communities
by
William L Bartlett
Margarita Dangel OSB
Pat Lupo OSB
Annette Marshall OSB
Lake Erie-Allegheny Earth Force, Erie, PA, USA
This publication is funded by The World Bank’s Faiths
and Environment Initiative* with support from the
President’s Contingency Fund in partnership with ARC
(Alliance of Religions and Conservation)†
The authors would like to thank:
Joanne Robinson – Handbook Co-ordinator, ARC
Tony Whitten – Coordinator, the World Bank’s Faiths and Environment Initiative
Bekir Onursal and John Morton – World Bank peer reviewers
Richard Prime – designer
P. Martin Neyt OSB and Gisela Happ OSB – AIM, Alliance Inter-Monastères, Paris
Jordi Sánchez – translation into Spanish
IoL Language Services Ltd (Débora Chobanian) – translation into Portuguese
Published in London 2006
This edition is also published in Spanish and
Portuguese
© Earth Force, Inc. 2006
* www.worldbank.org/faithsandenvironment
† www
.arcworld.org
FOREWORD by Joan D Chittister OSB . . . . . . vii
ABOUT THIS MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 BENEDICTINE LIFE AND MINISTRIES
Environmental Stewardship in Benedictine
Life: Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Environmental Stewardship in Benedictine
Life: Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1. Prayer and Liturgy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2. Ministries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Community Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Community Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Community Resource Management . . . . . 7
6. Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Environmental Stewardship in Benedictine
Life: Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1. Prayer and Liturgy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. Ministries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
3. Community P
olicy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
4. Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. Resource Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
2 AIR
Overview of Chapter:Air Pollution, Indoor
and Outdoor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Air, Earth’s Sacred Gift. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Over
view of Outdoor and Indoor Air
Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Outdoor Air P
ollution: Assessment
. . . . .
16
This Chapter’s Assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Our Atmosphere: A Gift to be Preserved . . 16
Problems in the Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
The health effects of air pollution . . . . . . . 18
What’s causing the problems? . . . . . . . . . . 19
What’s being done? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
What can we do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Outdoor Air Pollution: Inventory . . . . . . 20
1. Vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2. Community Transportation Practices. . . 21
3. Public Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4. Other Internal Combustion Engines . . . 22
5. Other Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6 Ozone depleting substances . . . . . . . . . . 23
7. Herbicides and Pesticides. . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8. Community Tree Preservation . . . . . . . . 23
9A. Expert Environmental Information
Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
9B. Expert Public Health Information
Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Outdoor Air Pollution: Evaluation. . . . . . 24
1. Community Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2. Community Transportation Practices. . . 27
3. Public Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4. Other Combustion Engines . . . . . . . . . .
30
5. Bur
ning
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
6. Ozone Depleting Substances . . . . . . . . . 31
7. Pesticides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8. Community Tree Preservation . . . . . . . . 31
9. Expert Information
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Indoor Air P
ollution: Assessment . . . . . . 34
Air pollution—Inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Indoor Air Pollution: Inventory. . . . . . . . 34
1. Types and uses of community fuel . . . . . 34
2. Getting fuel; buying and gathering . . . . 35
3. F
uel drying (for biomass fuels). . . . . . . . 35
4. Health and Wellbeing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5. Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6. V
entilation of the Kitchen ar
ea
. . . . . . .
36
7. The stove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
8. Smoke extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9. Education, Policy, and Civic Engagement38
i
Contents
I
ndoor Air Pollution: Evaluation . . . . . . . 38
1-2. Types, Uses, Costs of Community’s
F
uel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3. Fuel Drying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4. Health and Wellbeing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5. Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
6. Ventilation of the kitchen area. . . . . . . . 39
7-8. The stove and smoke extraction . . . . . 40
9. Education, Policy, and Civic Engagement41
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3 DRINKING WATER
Water: Catalyst and Crisis. . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Water: The Catalyst of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Water: Global Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Uses and Abuses of Water Resources . . . . . 46
Assessment of Community Practices . . . . . 47
Drinking Water Quality and Source
Protection: Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
1. Main Drinking Water Source. . . . . . . . . 47
2. Potential sources of pollution: . . . . . . . . 48
3. NGO involvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4. Community Water Governance . . . . . . . 49
5. Water Quality Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6. Water Treatment by the Community. . . 49
7. Water Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Drinking Water Quality and Source
Protection: Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1. Water sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2. Water Sour
ce Pollution Hazards . . . . . . 51
3. W
ater r
esour
ce protection committee . . 52
4. Water Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5. Water quality testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6. Water Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7. Water handling
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Site-Specific Sour
ce: Assessment . . . . . . . 57
A Surface Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
B Dug Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
C1 Borehole: Deep with Mechanized
P
umping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
C2 Borehole with Handpump . . . . . . . . . . 58
D Spring
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
E Rainwater Collection and Storage . . . . . 59
F Vendors (Tanker Trucks) . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
G P
iped W
ater (General)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
G1 Piped Water (from Storage Tank) . . . . 60
G2 Piped Water (from Water Provider) . . 60
S
ite-Specific Source: Evaluations. . . . . . . 61
Surface water (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
G
round Water: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Ground water: Dug wells (B) . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Ground water: Boreholes (C) . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Ground water: Springs (D). . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Rainwater (E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Water vendors (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Piped Water (G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Water Conservation: Inventory . . . . . . . . 69
1. Monitoring Water Consumption . . . . . . 69
2. Leaks and plumbing fixtures . . . . . . . . . 69
3. Water Provider’s Practices . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4. Education and Personal Habits . . . . . . . 70
5. Using Greywater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Water Conservation: Evaluation . . . . . . . 70
1. Monitoring Water Consumption . . . . . . 70
2. Leaks and plumbing fixtures . . . . . . . . . 71
3. Water Provider’s Practices . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4. Education and Personal Habits . . . . . . . 72
5. Using Greywater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
46 Ways of Saving Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Saving Water Outdoors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
General Water Saving Tips. . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4 SANITATION AND WASTE
Overview: Sanitation, Municipal Waste, and
Hazardous Waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Community Excr
eta Handling and
Sanitation: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Ecological Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Sanitation and Population Explosion: A
Deadly Mix?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80
Excreta: Environmental Pollutant and Health
Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Sewer
ed Sanitation Technology: Pr
oblematic
and Unsustainable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Sustainable Approach to Sanitation, and this
Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Community Excreta Handling and
Sanitation: Inventor
y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
1. Mix or No-Mix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2. Soil conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3. Characteristics of Sanitation System:
. .
82
4. Resource Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5. Sewer Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6. Waste Water Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
ii
L
istening To The Earth
7
. Hygiene Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
8. General Sanitation Practices . . . . . . . . . 85
Community Excreta Handling and
Sanitation: Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
1. Mix or No-Mix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
2. Soil Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3. General Characteristics of Sanitation
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3i. Characteristics of Sanitation System:
Plumbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
3ii. Characteristics of Sanitation System:
Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
3iii. Characteristics of Sanitation System:
Emptying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Evaluation of Sanitation Facilities (3-3iii) . 97
4. Resource Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
5. Sewer Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
6. Wastewater Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7. Hygienic Behaviors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
8. General Sanitation Practices . . . . . . . . 103
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Community Solid Waste Management:
Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Preserving the Gifts of Garbage . . . . . . . . 105
The Inherent Dangers of Solid Waste . . . 105
The Waste Crisis: A Burden Borne by the
Poor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Contributions to the Mismanagement of
Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
What’s Being Done? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Community Action
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Community Solid Waste Management:
Inventory
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
1. Community Waste Generation Survey 110
2. Community Waste Collection and
Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
3. Solid Waste Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4. R
ecycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
5. Land Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
6A. Waste Handling Workers or Workers’
Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
6B. Governmental Regulatory Agency . . . 116
6C. Environmental Information Source. . 116
6D. Expert P
ublic Health/Safety
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
7. Cleaning of Public Areas . . . . . . . . . . . 117
8. Education
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
117
Community Solid Waste Management:
Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
1
. Community Waste Generation Survey 118
2. Community’s Practice for Solid Waste
C
ollection and/or End-Disposal . . . . . . . . 119
3. Solid Waste Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
4. Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5. Land Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6. Seeking Expert Information . . . . . . . . . 125
7. Cleaning of Public Areas . . . . . . . . . . . 126
8. Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Hazardous Products and Wastes:
Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
An Overview of this Assessment . . . . . . . 129
What is Hazardous Waste? . . . . . . . . . . . 129
How Hazardous Waste Affects Health. . . 130
How Hazardous Waste Affects the
Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
What needs to be done? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Your Community’s Responsibility . . . . . . 133
Hazardous Products and Wastes Handling:
Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
1. Hazardous Product Survey. . . . . . . . . . 133
2. Hazardous Product Handling. . . . . . . . 134
3. Quantities and Priorities . . . . . . . . . . . 135
4. Legislative Policy Framework and Regional
Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Hazardous Products and Wastes Handling:
Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
1-2. Hazardous Product Inventory and
Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
136
3. Quantities and P
riorities
. . . . . . . . . . .
149
4. Legislative Policy Framework and Regional
R
esources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
5 ENERGY
Ener
gy: The Animation of the Universe 155
Properties of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Many Forms of Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Electricity, a Special Form of Energy . . . . 156
Electricity: Modern ‘Utility’ . . . . . . . . . . . 156
The Grid and Social Inequality . . . . . . . . 157
P
r
oducing Electricity, Creating
Catastrophes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Sustainable Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
K
eeping Ener
gy Sacr
ed
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
159
Electricity Production Practices:
Inventory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
iii
1
Community Consumption . . . . . . . . . . 160
2 Community Generative Potential . . . . . 160
3
Community Generative Practices . . . . . 160
4. Sources of Expert Information . . . . . . . 161
5. Electricity Provider Governance. . . . . . 162
6. Public and Environmental Safety. . . . . 163
7. Provider Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
8. Community Practices and Education. . 163
Electricity Production Practices:
Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
1. Community Consumption . . . . . . . . . . 164
2. Community Generative Potential. . . . . 164
3. Community Generative Practices. . . . . 165
4. Sources of Expert Information . . . . . . . 169
5. Electricity Provider Governance. . . . . . 169
6. Public and Environmental Safety. . . . . 170
7. Provider Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
8. Community Practices and Education. . 171
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Conservation Practices: Inventory. . . . . 173
1. Community Energy Use. . . . . . . . . . . . 173
2. Air Conditioning/Cooling. . . . . . . . . . . 173
3. Air/Space Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
4
. Refrigeration and Freezing . . . . . . . . . . 176
5. Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
6
. Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
7. Electric Motors and Pumps . . . . . . . . . 177
8. General Conservation Practices . . . . . . 177
Electricity/Energy Conservation:
Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
1. Community Energy Use. . . . . . . . . . . . 178
2. Air Conditioning/Cooling. . . . . . . . . . . 178
3. Air/Space Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
4. Refrigeration and Freezing . . . . . . . . . . 181
5. Water Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
6. Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
7. Electric Motors and Pumps . . . . . . . . . 183
8. General Conservation Practices . . . . . . 184
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
6 AFTER THE AUDIT: DEVELOPING AN
ACTION PLAN
Prioritizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Evaluating Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Generating an Action Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Appendix: General Resources. . . . . . . . . . 190
iv
L
istening To The Earth
v
vi
[...]... the other For Benedictines, an environmental audit is not a fad It is not a social nicety It is certainly not an option It is simply a contemporary manifestation of an ancient commitment to the rhythm of the earth, the needs of the community and the God of Creation Congratulations to those who see its sacramental value, its claim to the Benedictine heart They shall be called blessed for centuries to. .. human-produced pollutants can and does kill plants, trees, and small organisms, and can cause extreme illness in humans It is up to us to become aware of and change those practices of ours which contribute to the poisoning of the Earth s atmosphere A Definitions In order to understand and communicate about air pollution, it is quite helpful to know a little bit about the most common air pollutants These... our eyes The industrial revolution that made the robber barons rich also made the globe poor: We poisoned our fresh waters and drowned them in tin cans and coffee cups We wasted our forests and drained the world of their medicinal herbs We turned farmland into grazing land to make cheap hamburgers and so denied the people of the land, the very land they needed to live We belched gasses into the atmosphere... what it needs to do, an action plan needs be developed and implemented This plan should include the specifics regarding how to acquire and mobilize the resources necessary for success, and a deadline established A budget may need to be created, and funding secured The plan should include how to effectively communicate the change to other community members As well, the means of assessing the action’s... segments: an introduction, an inventory, and an evaluation The introductions provide background information about the subjects at hand, including the scope and importance of the problems, and how individuals’ actions contribute to the problems The inventories, then, are series of questions which are suggested approaches to inventorying the behaviors of community members Lastly, each suggested inventory... of the earth to support future generations has been called into serious question Donnella Meadows explains, “What the scientists and now also the economists I Principles for sustainable living include: • • • • 5 respect and care for the community of life improve the quality of human life conserve the Earth s vitality and diversity minimize the depletion of non-renewable resources Listening To The Earth. .. Deforestation and agriculture Natural forests cover 47% of the land area of Latin America, and the Amazon basin accounts for onethird of the world’s tropical forest area These forests are an important source of products, fuelwood and employment for local people, a major source of foreign exchange for governments, serve important functions in protecting watersheds and freshwater resources, act as a storehouse for. .. moment in Earth s history, a time when humanity must choose its future As the world becomes increasingly interdependent and fragile, the future at once holds great peril and great promise… The choice is ours: form a global partnership to care for the Earth and one another or risk the destruction of ourselves and the diversity of life Fundamental changes are needed in our values, institutions, and ways... order, a new pattern of life, a new commitment to the land and to life Almost 700 years later, Cistercian groups again devoted themselves to the reforestation, the replanting and the reclamation of some of the worst land in Europe As a result of those conscious efforts, Europe became a garden again Life thrived People organized themselves into productive communities Agriculture flourished everywhere... its ministries? 123456789 Caring for the Earth: A Strategy for Sustainable Living, WCU/UNEP/WWF If your community offers retreats, to what extent is attention given to the relationship between humans and the cosmos, between humanity and the earth? 123456789 As we look to this section of the audit, we do so knowing that today’s call to Benedictine Stewardship is a call to sustainable living If we hold . LISTENING
TO THE EARTH
An Environmental Audit
For Benedictine Communities
by
Benedictine Sisters of Erie, Pennsylvania
at Lake Erie-Allegheny Earth. new
commitment to the land and to life. Almost 700 years later, Cistercian groups again devoted
themselves to the reforestation, the replanting and the reclamation
Ngày đăng: 19/03/2014, 07:20
Xem thêm: LISTENING TO THE EARTH - An Environmental Audit For Benedictine Communities ppt, LISTENING TO THE EARTH - An Environmental Audit For Benedictine Communities ppt