UNIT 3 WAYS OF SOCIALISING A READING unit 3 trang 22 Part 1 Read the passage and circle the best answer A, B, C, or D [ Đọc bài và khoanh tròn A, B, C, D] Let children learn to judge their own work A[.]
UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING A READING unit trang 22 Part Read the passage and circle the best answer A, B, C, or D [ Đọc khoanh tròn A, B, C, D] Let children learn to judge their own work A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected; if corrected too much, he will stop talking He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s In the same way, children learn to all the other things, they learn to them without being taught - to talk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bike - compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them We it all for him We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher Let him it himself Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, “what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.” If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book Let him correct his own papers Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer Let’s end all the nonsense of grades, exams, and marks Let us throw them all out and let the children learn all educated persons must some days learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or not know Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the world?” Don’t worry If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it According to the author, the best way for children to learn things is _ A by comparing with what other people B by making mistakes and having them corrected C by listening to explanations from skilled people D by asking a great many questions What does the author think teachers what they should not do? A They give children correct answers B They point out children’s mistakes to them C They allow children to mark their own work D They encourage children to copy from one another The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are A not really important skills B more important than other skills C basically different from learning adult skills D basically the same as learning other skills Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by A educated persons C teachers B the children themselves D parents The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are _ A too independent of others B too critical of themselves C unable to think for themselves D unable to use basic skills Answer A B D B C Dịch đọc: Hãy để trẻ học cách tự đánh giá việc làm chúng Một đứa trẻ học nói khơng học cách sửa lại cho đúng; sửa nhiều, ngừng nói Đứa bé ý ngàn lần ngày khác ngôn ngữ mà sử dụng ngơn ngữ người xung quanh sử dụng Từng chút chút một, đứa bé có thay đổi cấn thiết để làm cho ngơn ngữ giống với người khác Cũng vậy, đứa trẻ học làm thứ khác, chúng học làm việc mà khơng cần dạy - học nói, chạy, leo trèo, huýt sáo xe đạp – so với trình diễn khác riêng chúng với người khéo léo hơn, tạo nên thay đổi cần thiết Nhưng trường chưa cho đứa trẻ hội để tự đứa bé tìm lỗi sai, để chúng tự sửa lỗi Chúng ta làm tất cho đứa trẻ Chúng ta hành xử thể khơng ý đến lỗi sai lỗi khơng cho thấy, sửa nó khơng bị buộc phải làm Sớm thơi trở nên phụ thuộc vào giáo viên Hãy để đứa trẻ tự làm Để đứa trẻ tự phát ra, với giúp đỡ đứa trẻ khác muốn, điều có nghĩa gì, câu trả lời dành cho vấn đề đó, liệu có phải cách tốt để nói làm hay khơng Nếu vấn đề câu trả lời đúng, tốn học hay khoa học, cho đứa trẻ sách giải Hãy để đứa trẻ tự sửa sai kiểm tra Tại giáo viên nên lãng phí thời gian vào cơng việc thường nhật vậy? Công việc giúp đỡ đứa trẻ nói với khơng thể tìm cách để có câu trả lơi Hãy chấm dứt điểm số, kiểm tra thi vô nghĩa Chúng ta vứt bỏ tất để trẻ học tất người có học vấn ngày phải học, cách để đo lường thấu hiểu chúng, cách để biết điều chúng biết Hãy để chúng làm quen với công việc theo cách phù hợp với chúng, với giúp đỡ giáo viên trường chúng nhờ ta giúp Ý kiến cho người có kiến thức để học hỏi trường sử dụng cho phần lại đời vơ nghĩa giới thay đổi nhanh chóng phức tạp Những bố mẹ giáo viên ln lo lắng nói “ Nhưng giả sử chúng tự học điều cần thiết, giúp chúng hịa nhập với giới?” Đừng lo lắng Nếu cần, chúng giới học Part Read the passage and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) [Đọc đoạn văn định xem câu bên (T) hay sai (F).] It is difficult to write rules that tell exactly when we should apologize, but it is not difficult to learn how If we have done something to hurt someone’s feelings, or if we have been impolite or rude, we should apologize An apology indicates that we realize we have made a mistake, and we are sorry for it It is a way of expressing our regret for something When we apologize, we admit our wrongdoing, usually offer a reason for it, and express regret The simplest way to apologize is to say “I’m sorry”, but often that is not enough Let’s take a common situation Mario is late for class and enters the classroom, interrupting the teacher in the middle of the lesson What does he do? The most polite action is usually to take a seat as quietly as possible and apologize later But if the teacher stops and waits for him to say something, he could apologize simply “I’m sorry I’m late”, ask permission to take his seat, and sit down Naturally, more than this – a reason for the tardiness – is needed, but this is not the time or the place for it because he has already caused one interruption and doesn’t need to make it any longer or worse than it already is After class, when he can speak to the teacher privately, Mario can apologize again, this time giving his excuse He might say, “Mr Blair, I’m sorry I was late for class this morning I overslept and missed the bus” When we give an excuse to the person to whom we are apologizing, we are admitting responsibility After the excuse there sometimes comes a promise to change, improve, or not to let the action happen again For example, after Mario gives the reason for his tardiness, he might add, “I won’t let it happen again” or “I promise I’ll be on time from now on.” Questions We can write rules that tell us exactly when we should apologize When we apologize, we offer a reason for it, and express regret It is enough to say “I’m sorry” when we apologize In Mario’s case, the most polite way is to take a seat and apologize later According to the passage, there usually comes a promise Hướng dẫn giải F T F T F Dịch đọc: Thật khó để viết quy tắc cho biết xác nên xin lỗi, khơng khó để học xin lỗi Nếu làm điều tổn thương đến người khác, bất lịch thô lỗ, nên xin lỗi Một lời xin lỗi cho thấy nhận phạm sai lầm, xin lỗi điều Đó cách thể hối tiếc điều Khi xin lỗi, thừa nhận sai lầm mình, thường đưa lý do, bày tỏ hối tiếc Cách đơn giản để xin lỗi nói "Tơi xin lỗi", thường chưa đủ Chúng ta đưa tình chung Mario đến lớp trễ bước vào lớp, làm gián đoạn giáo viên vào học Cậu phải làm gì? Hành động nhã nhặn thường ngồi yên lặng tốt xin lỗi sau Nhưng giáo viên dừng lại đợi cậu ta nói điều đó, cậu xin lỗi đơn giản "Xin lỗi em đến trễ", xin phép ngồi xuống ngồi xuống Đương nhiên, cần phải làm nhiều này, nêu lý cho chậm trễ điều cần thiết, khơng phải lúc nơi phù hợp cậu gây gián đoạn không cần làm cho chuyện trở nên dài hay tệ hại Sau học, cậu nói chuyện với giáo viên cách riêng tư, Mario xin lỗi lại, lần đưa lý do.Anh thể nói, "thầy Blair, em xin lỗi em trễ học sáng Em ngủ quên lỡ chuyến xe buýt " Khi đưa lời bào chữa cho người mà xin lỗi, thừa nhận trách nhiệm Sau lý đơi có lời hứa thay đổi, cải thiện, khơng để hành động xảy lần Ví dụ, sau Mario đưa lý cho chậm trễ mình, thêm, "Em khơng xảy lần nữa" "Em hứa kể từ em giờ." B LANGUAGE FOCUS unit trang 24 Exercise Practise reading the following two-syllable words, say which has the stress on the first syllable and which has the stress on the second [ Thực hành đọc từ có âm tiết, nói từ có trọng âm 1, từ có trọng âm 2] (1) (2) (3) (4) early people believe attract happy thorough relieve contract(v) cookie really forgive begin winter social complete(v) attend Answer All the words in columns and have the stress on the first syllable and all the words in columns and have the stress on the second syllable Exercise 2.Rewrite these sentences in reported speech [ Viết câu sau dạng câu tường thuật] “I’ve fallen in love with a beautiful girl,” he said He said he had fallen in love with a beautiful girl “I sent her a valentine card,” he said “I love her very much,” he said “I’m the happiest man in the world,” he said “I’ve bought her a diamond ring,” he said “We’re going to attend a very important meeting on Sunday,” he said Answer He said he had sent her a valentine card He said he loved her very much He said he was the happiest man in the world He said he had bought her a diamond ring He said they were going to attend a very important meeting on Sunday Exercise Rewrite the sentences in reported speech Change the time reference [ Viết câu dạng tường thuật Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian] “I’m going next week,” he said He said he was going the following week “We’ll see you tomorrow,” she said “I came back from the U.S.A three weeks ago,” she said “We got home late last night,” they said “I’m studying at home today,” she said “I’m not going out tonight,” he said Answer She said they would see me the next day She said she had come back from the U.S.A three weeks before They said they had got home late the night before She said she was studying at home that day He said he was not going out that night Exercise Tom is preparing to go abroad Below is what Tom told you Read the passage and change the numbered direct sentences into reported speech [ Tom chuẩn bị nước Bên điểu Tom nói với bạn Đọc thay đổi câu trực tiếp đánh số sang câu tường thuật] (1) I’ve had a very busy day (2) I have been making a lot of preparations (3) I woke up early in the morning, went to the rent-a-car office, and hired a new car (4) Then after a quick breakfast, I went to John’s house and borrowed a long ladder (5) Then I drove to work (6) During my coffee break, I made a copy of my birth certificate, (7) and before I had lunch, I visited the bank and closed the account (8) Then on my way home from work, I bought three bottles of champagne (9) As soon as I got home, I rushed upstairs and packed all my clothes Answer He said he had had a very busy day He said he had been making a lot of preparations He said he had woken up early in the morning, (had) gone to the rent-a-car office, and (had) hired a new car (He said) then after a quick breakfast, he had gone to John’s house and (had) borrowed a long ladder (He said) then he had driven to work (He said) during his coffee break, he had made a copy of his birth certificate, and before he had had lunch, he had visited the bank and (had) closed the account (He said) then on his way home from work, he had bought three bottles of champagne (He said) as soon as he had got home, he had rushed upstairs and (had) packed all his clothes C SPEAKING unit trang 26 Exercise Read the following passage then practise speaking it to yourself [ Đọc sau sau thực hành nói với mình] Late yesterday afternoon, John ran into his old friend Frank “Hi, Frank! How are you?” he said “I’m fine now,” said Frank, “But you should have seen what happened ten minutes ago.” He proceeded to describe to his friend the strange experience he had It seems that just as he was leaving the library, a complete stranger approached him Although he didn’t recognise the person, he greeted him as an old friend “I don’t believe it,” she said “You must be Frank Mitchell.” Frank told her that he was, but that he didn’t know who she was “I’m Miss Connell, your third grade teacher Don’t you remember me?” “Of course I do,” lied Frank He really didn’t remember her at all He just wanted to be polite “I’m not surprised that you didn’t know her,” said John “She wasn’t your teacher at all She was mine I guess she was a bit confused” “I guess I was too,” admitted Frank Dịch đọc: Chiều muộn hơm qua, John tình cờ gặp người bạn cũ Frank “ Chào Frank! Bạn khỏe không?” anh nói “ Hiện khỏe”, Frank nói, “ Nhưng bạn thấy xảy cách vài phút” Anh đứng trước mô tả với bạn anh trải nghiệm mà anh có Có vẻ anh vừa rời khỏi thư viện người hoàn toàn xa lạ chạm trán với Mặc dù anh khơng nhận người đó, anh chào người người bạn cũ “ Mình khơng thể tin được”, nói “ Bạn Frank Mitchell” Frank nói với anh ấy, anh cô “ Mình Connell, giáo viên lớp em Em không nhớ cô à?”, “ À dĩ nhiên em nhớ”, Frank nói dối Anh thật khơng nhớ chút xíu Anh muốn lịch “ Mình ngạc nhiên bạn khơng nhớ ấy, John nói “ Cơ giáo viên Cô giáo Mình đốn nhầm lẫn “ Mình đốn nhầm”, Frank thừa nhận Exercise Choose an appropriate response in the box to each question or statement to complete the dialogues [ Chọn câu phản hồi phù hợp khung cho câu hỏi câu nói bình thường để hồn thành đoạn đối thoại] A I’m glad I could help Let me know if you need to borrow it again B You’re welcome I’m glad I was able to fix it C Don’t worry about it I enjoy helping you D It was the least I could do! Thanks for inviting over E Oh, it was nothing I’m glad I could help out A: Huong, you’re a lifesaver! I don’t know what I would have done if you hadn’t helped me make the decorations for the party! Thanks very much! B: 2 A: Thanks for working with me on the computer, Tuan I’d been struggling with it for over an hour before you came along B: A: Thanks for helping me with the dinner, Toan I really appreciate it B: A: Thanks a million for lending me your motorbike, Hung That was a big help B: A: You’re so nice to help me with the broken lamp, Hien I’m no good at mechanical things B: Answer E C D A B Exercise Think of all the possible ways (verbal and non-verbal) to attract someone’s attention List them down and then speak them out [ Nghĩ tất cách lời nói phi ngôn để thu hút ý người khác Liệt kê chúng sau nói to lên] Answer - Waving ( vẫy tay) - Jumping ( nhảy cẫng lên) - Whistling ( huýt sao) - Clapping ( vỗ thay) - Shouting ( hét lên) - Calling someone’s name ( gọi tên người đó) - Making a loud sound ( tạo ta tiếng động to) - Wearing something colorful ( ăn mặc lòe loẹt) D WRITING unit trang 28 Exercise Use the words to make sentences Change the forms of the verbs if necessary [ Sử dụng từ để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh Thay đổi dạng động từ cần] an important part / thank people / be / of every culture / for many things, / include information, / invitations and complements / we thank people / express / ways / our / we / gratitude / in many / for something, / after you be thanked / the / common / most / response / be / “You’re welcome” / other ways / there be / respond / too, but / they / be not mention / here / Answer Thanking people is an important part of every culture We thank people for many things, including information, invitations and complements We express our gratitude in many ways After you have been thanked for something, the most common response is “You’re welcome” There are other ways to respond too, but they are not mentioned here Exercise 2.Put the following sentences in the right order by numbering the appropriate box Write your answers in the space provided in the column on the right then rewrite the rearranged paragraph in the space provided below it [ Đặt câu sau theo trật tự cách đánh số ô thích hợp Viết câu trả lời bạn chỗ trống cho cột bên phải sau viết đoạn văn xếp chỗ trống cho sẵn bên dưới] A In my opinion, if someone sounds like a nice person and you like what they say, then you like their accent too B I have to say this: my mother has the most wonderful voice, and she’s my favourite person in the whole world! C It depends on what a person says D I try to get on with people, even if their ideas annoy me E Whereas a person with ideas you don’t agree with, would put you off I like listening to people who have genuine and friendly voices Answer A B C D E The rearranged paragraph is as follows: It depends on what a person says In my opinion, if someone sounds like a nice person and you like what they say, then you like their accent too Whereas a person with ideas you don’t agree with, would put you off I like listening to people who have genuine and friendly voices I try to get on with people, even if their ideas annoy me I have to say this: my mother has the most wonderful voice, and she’s my favourite person in the whole world! ... “ Chào Frank! Bạn khỏe không?” anh nói “ Hiện khỏe”, Frank nói, “ Nhưng bạn thấy xảy cách vài phút” Anh đứng trước mô tả với bạn anh trải nghiệm mà anh có Có vẻ anh vừa rời khỏi thư viện người... toàn xa lạ chạm trán với Mặc dù anh khơng nhận người đó, anh chào người người bạn cũ “ Mình khơng thể tin được”, nói “ Bạn Frank Mitchell” Frank nói với anh ấy, anh cô “ Mình Connell, giáo viên... During my coffee break, I made a copy of my birth certificate, (7) and before I had lunch, I visited the bank and closed the account (8) Then on my way home from work, I bought three bottles of champagne