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TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO 13 171 www htii edu v NHAN THlTC CUA SINH VIEN T R U O N G DAI HOC HA TINH VE GIAO DVC GlOfI TINH Nguyin Thi AnhTuyet Tru&ng Dgi hpc Hd TTnh Email tuyet nguyenthianh@htu edu vn Ngd[.]
TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO 13 171 www.htii.edu.v NHAN THlTC CUA SINH VIEN T R U O N G DAI HOC HA TINH VE GIAO DVC GlOfI TINH Nguyin Thi AnhTuyet Tru&ng Dgi hpc Hd TTnh Email: tuyet.nguyenthianh@htu.edu.vn Ngdynhgn bai (received): 15/11/2017 Ngdy nhdn bdn sua (revised): 17/12/2017 Ngdy nhgn ddng (accepted): 28/12/2017 Tom tdt Bdi bdo trinh bdy ket qua nghidn cftu nhdn thftc cfta sinh vidn vl gido dye gidi tinh, tu dd dl xudt mgt sd bifn phdp nhdm ndng cao nhgn thuc cho sinh vien vl giao dye gidi tinh, tinh due, giftp sinh vien biit cdch bdo vf chinh minh va gdp phan xay dyng gia dinh hanh phftc Tir khda: Giao due gidi tinh, sinh vien Awareness of Ha Tinh university students on sex education Abstracts The ariicle presents results of the research student's awareness about sex education, thenceforth to put forward some solutions to enhance the student's awareness about sex education, sexuality, help them learn how to protect themselves and contributed to building a happy family Keywords: Sex education, student Dgt \kn de Nha giao dye A.S Makarenko da tftng khdng dinh "Gido dye gidi tinh chi la mgt khia cgnh cfta gido dye toan difn vd khdng the tach rdi dugc, nhu mgt canh tay dinh lien vdi ca thi, mudn cho cdnh tay khde mgnh thi phdi lam cho toan bd ca thi khde mgnh vd ngugc Iai nlu cd ca the khde mgnh ve mgi mat chi cd canh tay gido dye gidi tinh la bi bd be vd nhftc nhdi thi ngudi dd khdng the thudng thftc sy lanh mgnh cua phdn co thd cdn lai" ISSN 0866-7594 2018JoumalofScience, Vol Xlll All nghls resen/ed TAP CHI KHOA HQC SO 13 www.htu.edu.vn Viet Nam Id mdt qudc gia dang phat triln vdi sd ddn gdn 90,5 trifu ngudi (Theo kit qua diiu tta dan so va nha d gifta nam 2014), nhung ed ty If ngudi ngo pha tiiai khien cflng gigt minh Theo thdng ke cfta Uy ban qudc gia dan sd va Kl hogch hoa gia duih, d Vift Nam eft mdt em be ddi thi co mdt bao thai bi phd bd Ty If ngo pha thai nam 2010 cfta tte vi nidn cd 2%, hai nam ttd lai day da tang 4% (khodng hon 3000 ca mdi ndm), cao nhdt khu vyc Ddng Nam A vd dftng thft nam tten thi gidi Qua dd eho thay, vifc ndng eao nhgn thftc cho smh vien vl gidi tinh hien Id vd cftng cdn thilt Dudi day la ket qud nghien ciiu tft 251 sinh vien Trudng Dgi hgc Ha TTnh vl vdn dl gido due gidi tinh Nh^n thirc ve su c4n thilt cua giao dye gidi tinh doi vdi sinh vien Nhgn thftc ve sy cdn thilt cfta viec giao dye gidi tinb Id mdt ttong nhftng ydu td de nang eao hifu qud giao due gidi tinh cho sinh vidn Ket qud khdo sdt ve mfte cdn thidt cfta vifc gido due gidi tinh dugc trinh bay d Bdng Bdng 1: Nhgn thiic ve mdc dd c4n thilt ciia gido due gidi tinh So lirgmg 220 Ti le% Rat can thiet Can thiet 17 6,77 Khong can thiet 14 5,57 Mii'c d6 c4n thilt 87,6 Kdtqua d Bang cho thay, mgc dft sd sinh vien cho rang giao dye gidi tinh Id khdng can thilt chidm ty If thdp (5,57%) nhung ciing can phai dugc quan tdm, luu y Khi sinh vien chua thdy dugc su cdn thilt ndy thi cdn mac phai mft sd sai Idm vdn dl gidi tinh vd hdnh vi tinh due Vi vgy, cdn tiep tuc ndng cao hon nfta nhdn thftc cfta sinh vidn ve sy cdn thiet phai giao dye gidi tinh dk tdt cd sinh vien deu co nhgn thftc dftng ve vdn dd ndy Thm: trang gido due gidi tinh cho sinh vien Trvdng Bgi hgc Ha TTnh Khi nghien ciiu thyc ttang giao dye gidi tinh d 251 sinh vidn Trudng Dgi hgc Ha TTnh, chftng tdi nhgn thdy sinh vien thieu hieu biet hogc hieu biit chua ddy du ve giao due gidi tinh, bilu hifn rd nhdt vl vdn dl: tinh due, cac benh lay qua dudng tftih dye, cdc bien phap ttanh thai Bang 2: Nhdn thiic vl tinh dye cua sinh vidn NhSn thirc ve tinh due s6 Imms Tyie(%) 3,18 Khong tan 217 86,45 Phan van, dir 26 10,35 Tanthanh ISSN 0868-7594 2018 Joumal of Science, Vol Xlli All nghts reserved TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO 13 173 Vdi cdu hdi "Ban cd tan thdnh vifc quan hf tinh dye trudc hdn nhdn khdng?", kit qua thu dugc nhu sau: cd sinh vien tan thdnh vifc quan hf tmh due trudc hdn nhdn chiim ty If hon 3,18% Ddy la sd bl ndi cfta "tdng bang chim" Sd lieu dang quan tdm d ddy Id cdn cd 26 smh vien (hon 10,35%) dang phdn vdn, du cd ndn hay khdng quan hf tinh due trudc hdn nhdn De khdng dinh, chftng tdi da tien hanh phdng van "Tai ban phan van, dy trudc quyet dinh vifc quan he tinh due trudc hdn nhdn?" Em Trdn Thi N cho rdng, viic quan hi tinh due tnr&c hdn nhdn khdng hdn dd Id hodn todn xdu neu cd hai biit cdch quan hi tinh due an todn khdng de hdu qud xdy ra, nd se la nhung trdi nghiim tuyet v&i giup hai ngudi hieu hem Y kien ndy mgt lan nfta cho chftng ta thay rdng vifc trang bi cho sinh vien nhiing hieu biet ve gidi tinh khdng nao Id thua Diiu ndy da phdn nao ndi len thuc ttang sinh vidn hien khdng nggi ngftng quydt dinh quan hf tinh due trudc hdn nhdn bang vifc thue phdng d chung, thft cam giac mdi md, la ldm cfta vifc sdng chung vdi vd hdu qud khdng ttanh khdi dd Id vifc mang thai ngoai y muon, ldy chdng sinh phdi nghi hgc gifta chftng hoac vua di hgc vfta nudi eon nhd khiln cho vifc hgc tap gap phai rdt nhilu khd khan "cao chgy xa bay" efta ede "Sd Khanh" thdi hifn dgi Tft do, chftng tdi lgi tiin hdnh diiu tta thdm d sinh vien ve cac bien phap ttanh thai hifn nay, ket qua thu dugc nhu sau: Bang 3: Nhgn thii-c cua sinh vien ve bifn phap tranh thai Cac bien ph^p tranh thai So llXQUg Ty li (%) Dat vong 235 93,62 Thuoc vien tranh thai 251 100 Thuoc cav tranh thai 35 13,94 Bao cao su 251 IOO Dinh san 25 9,96 Tinh vong Icinh 30 11,95 Xuat tinh ngoai Sm dao 38 15,13 Phdn tich ket qud diiu tta eho thdy, hdu hit sinh vien da biit dugc cac bien phap ttdnh tiiai phd biln hifn nay, nhien chua phong phu vd chua ddy dft, da phdn cdc em mdi chi biet cdc bifn phdp trdnh thai thdng dung nhdt Id dung bao cao su, thudctt-dnhtiiai,dgt vdng Dau ddy cflng Id mdt tin hieu ddng mimg, vi nhilu em dd bidt cdch bdo vf ehinh minh, hgn chi I nhimg hgu qua dang tide cd thi xay ISSN 0866-7594 2018 JoumaiofScience, Vol Xlll Ali righls rese wed TAP CHI KHOA HQC S 13 w.htu.edu.vn Bang 4: Nhfin thii-c ciia sinh vien vl e^c benh ifiv qua du-frne tinh due Cdc benh Ifiy qua dinmg tinh due Giang mai Lau So Ivong Tv le (%) 15 5.97 251 100 Nam Clamvdia 0 Viem gan B 0,79 Munr6p HIV/ADS 1,19 251 100 Nghien cftu sd lifu tten cho tiidy, hdu hit sinh vien chi biet mdt each don gian rang chi cd thi mdc benh Idu hoac HIV/ADS nlu quan hf tinh dye, nhung dugc hdi "Biiu Men cua ngu&i mac b?nh Idu Id nhu the ndo? " Em Le Thi X trd l&i "Em nghe ndi ndi ngira, khd chiu & bp phgn sinh due " Nhin chung, nhieu smh vidn cdn rat ma hd ve cac benh lay lan qua tinh dye Ddy chinh la nhung 16 hdng kiln thftc ve cac benh lay qua dudng tinh dye Bdn eanh do, vi tdm Iy e nggi nen nhilu sinh vien biit cung khdng dam ndi sg cdc ban hilu nhdm, hogc hieu khdng dftng vl minh Tdm ly e ngai se la mgt luc cdn rdt Idn ttong qua trinh gido dye gidi tinh cho sinh vien Vdi hieu biet ehua tiidt ddy du ciia minh ve cac bfnh lay qua dudng linh due nen vdi cdu hdi: "Cde bifn phap phdng chdng bfnh lay qua dudng tinh dye", kdt qua thu dugc nhu sau: Bdng 5: Cdc bifn phap phong chong benh lay qua dirdng tinh due Cdc bi€n phap So lirtfng Ty le (%) Sir dung bao cao su 251 100 Chung thuy mot vo mot chong 175 69,72 Tranh quan he tinh due voi nguai la 76 30,27 Khong quan he voi nguoi nhilm benh 37 14,74 Khong dung chung bom Icim tiem 17 6,77 Con sd mdt ldn nua phdn anh chinh xae nhdn thuc chua ddy du ve gidi tinh cfta sinh vien Trudng Dgi hgc Hd Tinh hg chi hilu mgt cdch dan gian rang, de tranh cdc bfnh lay qua dudng tinh due edeh tdt nhat la dftng bao cao su Tuy khdng bdt ngd vS ket qud nhung chftng tdi vdn an tdm rang dau sinh vien vdn da biet bang each nao de trdnh bfnh ldy qua dudng tinh due Vifc chi cd 175 em sinh vien lya chgn bien phdp chung thfty mgt vg mdt chdng vd 76 sinh vien chgn bien phdp trdnh quan he tinh dye vdi ngudi Ig da giup chftng ta phdn ndo hilu dugc quan diem, Idi sdng cfta sinh vien hifn vdi cdch nhin "thoang" vd hifn dgi ban diiu dd gdp phdn cho nhflng nhan dinh cfta chftng toi vl nhgn thuc cfta sinh vien vl giao due gidi tfnh ddy du vd rd net ISSN 0866-7594 2018 Joumal ofScience, Vol Xlll All righls resen/ed TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO 13 175 www.htu.edu.vn hon Chi cd 17 sinh vien lya chgn bifn phap trdnh dung chung bam kim tiim phdn dnh sy mau thudn cfta sinh vien ttong nhdn thftc (ddi vdi ket qua cua cau hdi cac benh lay qua dudng tinh dye da phdn dlu cho rdng benh HIV/ADS ma lgi quen ttang bi eho minh kiln thuc ve vifc khdng dugc dung chung bam kim tiem ddi vdi cac bifn phdp phong ttdnh cac bfnh lay qua dudng tinh dye) Tdm Igi: Nhdn thuc cfta sinh vien ehua ddy du ve gidi tinh vd quan he tinh due Id nhieu nguyen nhdn, chft yen id ydu td chft quan tft phia smh vien, song cftng cdn phai ke din cac yiu td khdch quan tft phia gia dinh, nhd tmdng Ket qua nghien cuu tten cho phep dd xudt mdt sd bien phap gdp phdn ndng eao nhgn thftc cho smh vien ve giao due gidi tinh Mgt so bien phap ndng cao nhdn thiic vl gido due gidi tmh cho smh vidn 4.1 Nang cao nhgn thuc cua sinh vien ve gido due gi&i tinh Nhdn thftc la kim chi nam cho mgi hdnh ddng, vifc sinh vien cd nhan thftc dftng se bidu hifn bdng cac hanh dgng thiet thyc vl gidi tinh ddi vdi bdn thdn ddi vdi xa hdi Vi vdy, cdn ttang bi cho sinh vien hf thdng kien thftc viing chdc ve giao due gidi tinh, dua hgc phdn Giao due gidi tinh vdo day d hgc ky I nam thft nhat cho sinh vien 4.2 Thdnh lap phong tham van, tu vdn hpc du&ng Dieu da duge Bd mdn Tdm ly - Gido dye de xudt ttong de tai nghien cftu khoa hgc cdp trudng trgng diem nam hgc 2013-2014, nhien vifc trien khai dang gdp khd khdn ve dgi ngu chuyen gia tu vdn Trudc mdt, vdi ddi ngu gidng vien dugc ddo tgo diing chuyen nganh tam ly va giao due hifn cd cfta Trudng ciing ed thi giftp sinh vien gidi tda nhftng ban khoan, thdc mac ve van ve gidi tinh vd tinh dye Vide thdnh lap cac md hinh tam ly Id bet sftc can thiet, phdi dugc nhdn rdng tai cac trudng va cd chinh sach phu hgp cho md hinh phat trien Qua trinh xay dyng md hinh lap phdng tham van tam ly gdm cde budc vdi sy tham gia tich eye cfta cac lyc lugng toan trudng Tuy nhien, mftc tham gia d mdi budc cd khac Tien ttinh xdy dyng md hinh cd the tdm tat nhu sau: (tham khao de tai "Nghien cftu nhu cau tham vdn tdm I>' vd xdy dyng md hinh td chftc tham van tdm ly cho sinh vien Trudng Dai hge Hd Trnh",2013 Nguyin Van Tinh lam chft nhiem dl tai) Bu&c Ddnh gid thuc trgng vd xdc dinh nhu cdu Bu&c 2: Lira chpn vd di xudt md hinh tham vdn tdm ly Bu&c 3: Xdy dung ke hogch vd cdc ndi dung hogt dpng Bu&c 4: Td chirc th^rc Men md Mnh Bu&c 5: Tdng kit ddnh gid kit qud thifc Men md hinh Buac 6: Td chuc nhdn rdng md hinh ISSN 0866-7594 2018 Joumal ofScience, Vol Xlll- Ail nghts resen/ed TAP CHI KHOA HQC SO 13 176 www.hti4.edu.vn 4.3 Thdnh lap cdc cau lgc bp sue khde sinh san di gidp sinh vien giao luu, chia se nhirng vdn de thdc mdc ve gi&i tinh Doan Thanh nien, Hdi Sinh vidn va mdt sd td chftc khac nha tirrdng ndn phdi hgp de lap cac Cdu lgc bg sftc khde sinh san tren eo sd phdi hgp vdi cac chuyen gia tren dja ban tinh vl ITnh vuc ndy nhdm chia se nhiing vdn dl thic mdc vd sue khoe sinh san va gidi tinh cho sinh vien Can lac bd sau duge lap can phdi sinh boat thudng xuyen it nhdt thdng/1 ^ vdi cdc chft dl phft hgp vdi tiing tiiang dl thu hftt sinh vidn tham gia nhdm dgt hifu qua ttong cdng tdc giao due gidi tinh Td chuc cudc thi "Rung chudng vang"! hoac ldii/ndm.Day la chuang trinh giao luu nhdm giftp sinh vien tim hilu vl kiln thftc giao dye gidi tuih, cdc bien phap phong ttanh thai 4.4 To chuc thu&ng xuyin cdc hpi thdo vi chu M "Tinh yiu, tinh dftc vd gia ^nh" Qua dd dl sinh vien cd the tiep edn mdt cdch khoa hgc, cd tinh he thdng cdc kien thftc vl gidi tinh, van hoa tinh dye, ddng thdi cd the tu van sinh vien cd nhu cdu edn dugc giup De td chftc dugc hgi thdo edn duge sy ung hg ve kinh phi cfta nhd trudng, su phdi ket hgp vdi dai truyen hinh, cdc trung tdm chdm sdc sftc khde sinh sdn ttdn dia ban Tinh va dde bift Id mdi dugc cac chuyen gia cd uy tin de td chftc budi hdi thdo thdnh cdng Budi hdi thao can dugc chgn lgc vl ndi dung, chu de, thdi gian, dia diem phft hgp vdi kl hogch hgc tap ttong tftng ky, tftng thang dl thu hut su tham gia ddng dao cfta sinh vien 4.5 Cd s^rphdi hap chgt che giira gia Mnh, nhd tru&ng, xa hpi vdn Mgido due gi&i tinh cho sinh viin Hifu qud cfta qud trinh giao due gidi tioh chi co the dgt dugc ed sy phdi hgp ddng bg vd thdng nhdt gifta ede lyc lugng giao dye nay, yeu td gia fflnh ddng vai trd het sue qu^i ttgng Cdc bdc phy huynh can phai nhan thftc dugc vai ttd cfta minh ttong vifc giao due gidi tinh, phdi hdt sfte quan tam den ddi sdng tam ly va tgo cho sinh vien mgt mdi trudng sdng lanh manh; ddng thdi edn nang cao kien thftc cua minh ve giao dye gidi tinh dd cd the ttao ddi, tam su va ttd thdnh "ban" cfta minh, cdn thudng xuyen lien lgc trao ddi vdi cac thdy cd gido ve nhflng thay ddi cfta sinh vien cd vl thi chat, tri tuf, tinh cam, gia dinh can tgo thd" chdn kilng" ttong vifc giao dye gidi tinh cho sinh vien Nha trudng cdn gido dye cho sinh vien nhdn biet ve linh bgn, tinh ydu chdn chinh, thdi dd cd ttach nhifm va ton ttgng tinh yeu, nhgn biit sy chdn thdnh vd gia tgo, hgc cac ky nang tir vf Ddng thdi, cdn gido dye thai dg ddi vdi gidi tmh hinh thdnh dan ddn nhdn thuc ve tinh dye vd thai dftng ddn lanh manh ve quan hf gidi tinh ISSN 0866-7594.2018 Joumal of Science, Vol Xlll, All righls reserved TAP CHI KHOA HQC SO 13 177 www.htu.edu.vn Huy dgng tdi da sftc mgnh cfta edng ddng, vai trd, trach nhifm cfta cdng ddng ddi vdi vifc giao dye gidi tinh Tuyen tmyen ndi dung gido dye gidi tfnh tren cac phuang tien truyen thdng, khuyen cdo cdc nguy ca, thdm hga tft vifc nao pha thai, cac bfnh ldy qua dudng tinh dye, nghien hftt Kit ludn Qua ket qud nghien ciru, khao sat vl nhdn thuc cua sinh vidn Trudng Dgi hgc Hd Tinh ve giao dye gidi tinh chiing tdi cd the nhan thdy phdn ldn sinh vien da nhan thftc dugc nhiing kien thftc co bdn ve tinh dye, quan he tinh dye, cac benh lay quan dudng tinh dye, cdc bifn phdp phdng trdnh bfnh lay qua dudng tinh dye Tuy nhien, nhgn thftc ve gidi tinh cua sinh vien chua thgt ddng deu d cde ndi dung se anh hudng khdng nhd ddn hifu qud efta vifc gido due gidi tinh Vi vdy, vifc de xuat cdc bifn phdp phu hgp nhdm ndng eao nhan thftc cho sinh vien ve giao dye gidi tinh la thyc su cdn thiet vdi cdng tac giao dye dao tgo ciing nhu ddi sinh vien ttong vifc bdo ve ban than vd tri cugc sdng hanh phftc lfta ddi sau TAI LIfiU THAM KHAO Bui Nggc San,Trdn Thi Thu Huong (2008), Gido due gi&i tinh tudi vi thdnh nien, Nhd xudt bdn Gido due Hodng Bd Thinh (2008), Gido trinh xa hpi hpc vi gi&i, Nha xudt bdn Dgi hgc Qude gia Ha Ndi Nguyin Huu Dftng (1998), Gido due gi&i tinh (Gido trinh dao tao gido vien trung hgc ca sd hf cao ddng su phgm), Nhd xuat ban Gido due Nguyin Van Le, Nguyin Thi Doan (1997), Gido dgc gi&i tinh, Nha xudt bdn Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi Nguyin Quang Mai (Chft bien) (2002) Gidi tinh vd d&i song gia dinh, Nha xudt bdn Dgi hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi Nguydn Vdn Tinh (2013), "Nghien cftu nhu cdu tham vdn tam Iy vd xdy dyng md hinh td chuc tham vdn tam ly cho sinh vien Trudng Dai hgc Ha Tinh" De tai nghien cftu khoa hgc cdp Trudng, tt.60 - tr.64 ISSN 0866-7594.2018 Journal ofScience, Vd Xlll All righls reseived ... hon nfta nhdn thftc cfta sinh vidn ve sy cdn thiet phai giao dye gidi tinh dk tdt cd sinh vien deu co nhgn thftc dftng ve vdn dd ndy Thm: trang gido due gidi tinh cho sinh vien Trvdng Bgi hgc... vdn an tdm rang dau sinh vien vdn da biet bang each nao de trdnh bfnh ldy qua dudng tinh due Vifc chi cd 175 em sinh vien lya chgn bien phdp chung thfty mgt vg mdt chdng vd 76 sinh vien chgn bien... www.hti4.edu.vn 4.3 Thdnh lap cdc cau lgc bp sue khde sinh san di gidp sinh vien giao luu, chia se nhirng vdn de thdc mdc ve gi&i tinh Doan Thanh nien, Hdi Sinh vidn va mdt sd td chftc khac nha tirrdng