TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO 9 * 2015 29 V̂ iN DUNG TINH HUONG CO VAN BE TRONG DAY HOC MON TAM LY HOC GIAODUC HOC Bill Huu M6* Tdm tat Bdn chdt eita tinh hudng cd vdn de trong dgy hoc Id gido viin dica hoc sin[.]
TAP CHI KHOA HOC SO * 2015 29 V^iN DUNG TINH HUONG CO VAN BE TRONG DAY HOC MON TAM LY HOC - GIAODUC HOC Bill Huu M6* Tdm tat Bdn chdt eita tinh hudng cd vdn de dgy hoc Id gido viin dica hoc sinh vdo tinh hudng cd vdn di vd md cho cdc em nhimg eon dudng gidi cpiyit tinh hudng Trong chirang trinh dao tgo ciia cdc trudng sir phgm, Tdm li hge, Gido dijc hgc Id nhimg bg mdn mang tinh nghiip vu dgc trimg cd vai trd dgc biet vi?c dao tao gido vien Bdi viet cung cap mgt cdch nhin tdng quan vi tinh hudng cd vdn de dgy hgc vd van dung tinh huong cd vdn de dgy hgc mdn Tdm U hge - Gido due hgc de gdp phdn ndng cao chdt hrgng vd hiiu qua viec dao tgo dgi ngS gido vien tieong lai TIT khoa: tinh hudng ed vdn di, tdm ly hgc, gido due hgc Trong d^y hgc giao vien xay dung duge tinh hudng ed vdn de, dua hge sinh vao tinh hudng ed van de va hudng din hgc sinh giai quyet tinh hudng ed y nghTa quan trgng Nd tao nen nang lire giai quyet van de d ngudi hgc, nang lue ed vi tri hang diu dl eon ngudi thich irng vdi su phat trien cua xa hdi va la chia khoa ciia su cdng Xay dung tinh hudng cd vin de day hge khdng nhirng giiip eae em khdng nhung nam vung tri thirc ma cdn lam eho gid hgc sdi dgng, humg thu, hap dan Day hgc giai quyet van de la day hgc theo hudng tich cue hda hoat ddng nhin thirc cua ngudi hgc Day la phucmg phap day hgc duge su dung nhilu thdi dai Tinh huong cd van de Tinh hudng cd van dl day hgc la trang thdi tam li dae biet eiia hge sinh hg gap miu thuin khaeh quan cua bai toan nhan thiic giira eai da biet va cai phai tim tu hg chap nhan va cd nhu eiu, cd kha nang giai quyet mau thuan dd bang tim tdi, sang tao, kit qua hg nam duge ca kien thiic va phuong phap * ThS, Trudng Dai hqic Phii Yen Tinh hudng cd van de ehi xuit hien va tdn tai y thiie hge sinh chirng nao dang dien sir ehuyen hda eiia miu thuin khaeh quan ben ngoai eiia bai toan nhin thiie miu thuin chii quan ben cua hge sinh Yeu td chu ylu ciia tinh hudng ed van de la dieu ehua biet, la dieu phai duge kham pha dl hoan diing nhiem vu dat Dieu ehua biet tinh hudng ed vin dl luon duge dae trung bdi su khai quat hda d mire nhit dinh, nhien, dieu ehua biet dd khdng duge khd qua hoac de qua ddi vdi hgc sinh Nhu vay, cd the neu ba yeu td sau day eua mdt tinh hudng cd van dl, dd cung la ba dieu kien eiia mdt tinh hudng cd van de day hgc: - Cd mlu thuan nhan thiire, ed di8u ehua biet can tim - Gay nliu eau mudn biet kien tliite mdi - Phil hgp vdi kha nang nhan thiic ciia hgc sinh Cae loai tinh huong cd van de Theo V Okdn [5], tinh hudng cd vin de duge chia nhieu loai: - Tmh huong nghich li: Dd la tinh hudng van de mdi thoat nhin dudng nhu vd li, khdng phii hgp vdi quy luat, li thuylt da duge thira nhan chung TRUCiNG DAI HOC PHU YEN Cae nha khoa hge da eo nhung phat minh Idn ehinh la nhd bat gap nhung su kiSn, hien tugng khoa hge trai vdi li thuyet, qui luat duong thdi, nhd giai quylt nhirng nghich li dd ma tao n6n nhung li thuyet mdi bao quat hon Ddi vdi hge sinh tinh hulng nghich li duge tao bang each gidi thieu nhihig su kien, hien tugng trai vdi quan diem thdng thudng, vdi kinh nghiem ca nhan cua hgc sinh Caeh giai quyet d day la phan tieh cho sai, chd chua chinh xac each hieu van de tir tim each hieu phii hgp vdi khoa hgc Vl dy: Ban ve anh hudng cua mdi trudng - hoan canh den sir phat trien nhin each, cd quan diem cho rang "Gdn muc thi den, gdn den thi rgng", nhung lai cd quan niem "Gdn bun md chdng hdi miti biin" Vay miie dd anh hudng eiia mdi trudng den sir phat trien nhan each nhu the nao hoae mdt ngudi ed the vira la minh, vira la ngudi khae duge khdng? - Tinh hudng lua chgn: Dd la tinh hudng xuat hien dung trude mot lira ehgn giiia hai hay nhilu phuang an giai quylt Phuong an nao cung cd li rieng ciia nd nhung ddng thdi eung chiia dung nhugc diem eo ban ciia nd, song ehi duge lira ehgn mgt phuong an nhit ma ban thin eho li hgp li nhat, diing nhit tren ca sd phin tieh cae phuong an dua Diy ehinh la "test" tra Idi lira chgn Vi du: Khi giang bai "Tri giac" giang vien cho sinh vien lua chgn dl tra Idi ciu hdi: Ciu nao dudi day ehiia dung ban chit ndi bat eiia tri giae - Ngudn khdi diu eiia mgi su hilu bilt ve the gidi xung quanh - Sir phan anh eae thugc tinh rieng le ciia su vat, hien tugng - Sir phan anh eae qui luat cua tu nhien va xa hgi - Su phan anh trgn ven eae thuge tinh eiia sir vat, hien tugng thi gidi khaeh quan Tinh huong bac bd: Dd la tinh hudng ed van de phai bae bd mdt ket luan, mgt luan de sai lam De lam duge dieu dd hgc sinh phai tim diem yeu ciia ket luan, luan de va chirng minh tinh chit sai lam eiia nd Vi du: Ngudi ta eho rang "Gido due Id vgn ndng", hge sinh phai dua diem ehua diing eua luan dl va chiing minh nd - Tinh huong tai sao: La tinh hudng phi bien day hge Dd la tinh huong cd vin de ngudi ta gap phai nhihig hien tugng, sir kien ma ngudi chua du tri thiie dl giai quyet hien tugng do, va eon ngudi luon thdt cau hdi "tai sao" Vi du: Khi chua hgc bai cim giac, tri giac, tu duy, tinh cam Sinh vi8n khdng tri Idi duge eae eiu hdi: - Tai ehim bai giao vien lai diing mue dd? (Bai tri giae) - Tai de chet dudi (Bai tri giac - quy luat vl ude lugng khoang each) - Tai tu trim tugng chi cd d ngudi? (Bai tu duy) Tai giao vien hay ggi nhiing hgc sinh nhut nhat len bang? (Bai chit) Qua trinh dat van de va each giai quyet van de 3.1 Qua trinh dat van de day hgc Qua trinh dat vin de hgc tap la qua trinh giao vien dua nhiem vu nhin thiic, dua dieu phai nghi6n eiiu de hgc sinh nhin thu"e va giai quyet, qua trinh dat van de duge chia lam cae giai doan: - Phan tieh tinh hudng cd vin dl - Nhan thiic duge van dl dua - Y thiic duge khd khan ciia vin de - Bieu dat bang Idi ve van dl 3.2 Nhirng each thirc tao tinh huong cd van de De tao nen tinh huong ed vin de day hgc ngudi ta sir dung nhilu each: TAP CHi KHOA HOC SO * 2015 - Thii nhat, dat eau hdi tai cho hge sinh gap nhtmg su kien, hien tugng ddi hdi phai giai thieh ve mat li luan Thii hai, de cho hge sinh phan tich nhiing sy kien, hien tugng, lam cho hg gap phai mau thuin giiia bilu tugng ddi sdng va khai niem khoa hgc ve nhuiig su kien dd - Tao tinh hudng cd vin de b5ng caeh de gia thuyet va td chiie nghien eiiu - Kich thich hge sinh khai quat sa bd nhung su kien mdi dl tao nen tinh hudng cd van de - Tao tinh hudng cd van dl bang each de cho hgc sinh bai tap ed tinh ehat nghien eiiu 3.3 Caeh giai quyet van de Qua trinh giai quyet van de duge chia nhirng giai doan ehuyen biet va thue hien eae bude eiia hoat dgng hge: - Su xuit hien ciia vin de la kich thieh diu tien thue day ehii the giai quyet van de - Chii the nhin thiic siu sae va ehap nhan van de giai quyet - Tim kiem Idi giai cho van de da duge chip nhan giai quyet, li giai, ehiing minh va kiem tra vin de dd - Tim duge kit qua eudi eiing va danh gia toan dien ket qua tim duge Dudi su td ehiic hudng dan, dieu khien cua giao vien, hge sinh thue hien cac hanh dgng hgc de giai quyet van de dua ra: Bude 1: Giao vi6n dua cho hge sinh van de, thudng la tinh hudng cd van de va yeu eau giai dap Cd miic do: Giao vien true tilp ehi van de hoac de hgc sinh sau tim kiem da tu phat hiSn vin dl, d miic dd chung ta danh gia kha nang eua hge sinh de dinh hudng giiip dd Bude 2: Hudng dan hgc sinh tim kiem chien luge giai quyet vin de Bude 3: Theo doi va giiip dd ggi y cho hgc sinh giai quyet Bude 4: Kiem tra su hge tip eua hgc sinh bang each yeu ciu hge sinh trinh bay diy du viec giai quylt vin de, hge sinh phat bieu y kiln va di den ket luan Chang han day bai "Gido due vd sy phdt trien nhdn each", giang vien dua va phan tich tinh hudng cd van de: Ndi vl vai trd ciia mdi trudng ddi vdi su hinh va phat trien nhan each dng cha ta da dua hai quan diem trai nguge nhau: quan dilm thii nhat cho rang "Gdn muc thi den, gdn den thi rang" (tue ngu-); quan diem thii hai lai cho rang "Gdn bun md chdng hdi mui bun " Ban ed nhan xet gi va ddng y vdi quan diem nao hai quan diem tren? Tai sao? Tir dd, ehi ro vai trd cda mdi trudng doi vdi su hinh va phat trien nhan each Cac ciu hdi vira neu sinh vien da suy nghT va tranh luan rit sdi ndi Sinh vien luong lu khdng biet ehgn quan dilm nao Vi thiy quan diem nao ciing cd eai dung eiia nd Giang vien hudng din hge sinh tim kiem chien luge giai quyet vin de: "Mue" va "Biin" mudn ndi den mdi trudng xau (tieu cue), "Den" tugng trung cho mdi trudng tdt (tich cue) Cd trudng hgp sdng moi trudng nhu the nao thi se anh hudng den eon ngudi nhu the ay Tuy nhien, khdng phai trudng hgp nao eung nhu vay Mdi trudng ed vai trd rit quan trgng sir hinh va phat trien nhan each nhung cau tue ngii "Gdn muc thi den, gdn den thi rgng" chua tinh den yeu td nao? Giang vien theo doi va giiip da ggi y eho hgc sinh giai quylt: ngudi la chu the cd y thiie, khdng phai la vat vd tri, vd giae Vay ciu tue ngir "Gdn muc thi den, gdn den thi rgng" da tinh din lip trudng, quan diem, nang luc ciia ca nhin ehua? Cudi eiing hgc sinh phat bieu y kien va di den ket luan: Mdi trudng ed vai trd rit quan trgng su hinh va phat trien nhan TRUONG DAI HOC PHU YEN tilp nhan, dd khdng tao duge hiing thii ddi vdi mdn hgc Trong eae mdn Tam li hge - Giao due hgc lai la nhiing mdn cung cip nhiing tri thiic cdng cu khdng thi thilu duge ddi vdi nghe day hge Mdt nhitng nhiem vu quan trgng ciia trudng su pham la phai trang bi cho sinh vien nhirng hieu biet ve Tam li hge - Giao due hgc, hinh cho hg nhiing ky nang su pham dl hg cd the giang day va giao due, ddng thdi lam co sd khdng ngimg nang cao nang lire su pham Kien thdc Tam li hge - Giao due hgc lai la nhiing kiln thiic triru tugng va la nhiing van de mdi me vdi sinh vien Mudn day tdt, hgc tdt cae mdn Tam li hgc Giao dye hgc phai vin dung phuong phap "Tinh huong cd van de dgy hoc" vao qua trinh giang day Qua khao sat thue tien vl eae ylu to thiie diy sinh vien hgc eae mdn Tim li hgc - Giao due hgc khda 2014 hgc ki I nam hgc 2015-2016 d Trudng Dai hge Phu Yen da chimg minh viec ddi mdi phuang phap day hgc theo hudng phat huy tinh tich cue cua sinh vien va viee van dung tinh hudng co van de day hgc cac mdn Tam li hgc Giao due hgc la rit hieu qua (ehiem 48%) each nhung tinh chat va mire anh hudng eija mdi trudng eon thugc vao lap trudng, quan diem, nang lire eiia mdi ca nhan? Cin chii y din tinh hai mat su tae ddng qua lai giira nhan each va mdi trudng Quan diem cau tue ngir "Gdn muc thi den, gdn den thi rgng" da ehiing minh mdi trudng nhu the nao thi se anh hudng din eon ngudi nhu thi iy Quan dilm eiu tue ngir "Gdn biin md chdng hdi mui biin" da chirng minh mat thir hai sir tie ddng qua lai giira nhan each va mdi trudng Con ngudi biet vugt i6n hoan canh va cd the cai tao hoan canh V^n dung tinh huong cd van de day hoc mon Tam li hgc - Giao due hoc Tim li hgc - Giao due hge la nhung bd mdn mang tinh nghiep vu dae trung ed vai trd die biet viec dao tao giao vien Tim hieu thue tien day hgc cae bg mdn cae trudng su pham hien cho thay: - Ndi dung mdn hgc nang ve li thuyet, khd khan, thi6u lien he thue tiSn xa hgi lam cho ngudi hge khd khan viec tiep nhan bai hge - Phuong phap day hgc cdn thien ve truyen thu mgt chieu, ngudi hgc thu ddng Bang I Cdc yeu td thiic ddy sinh vien hgc cdc mdn Tdm li hge - Gido dye hgc \ Khoa Tu nhien (124 SV) XT Yeu to \ s6 lirffng % Xa hgi - Nhan van (45 SV) Ngoai ngir (60 SV) Si So liromg % lirong % Chung (229 SV) s6 lirong % Mon hgc co y nghla xa hdi va CO y nghTa vdi nghi 35 28.2 15.5 15 25 57 24.9 Phuong giang day giang vien dan, tao 55 44.4 25 55.6 30 50 110 48.0 phap eua hip duge TAP CHl ICHOA HOC SO • 2015 tinh hu6ng kich thich sinh vien lir De d?t diem cao 19 15.3 6.7 8.3 27 11.8 Co nhieu tai lieu 10 8.1 15.5 10 23 10.0 Cac y6u to khac 4.0 6.7 6.7 12 5.3 * De van dijing tinh huong cd van de day hgc cac mdn Tam li hgc - Giao due hoc, tru^c het la xay dung ndi dung day hgc Ngi dung day hge chiu sir qui djnh cua muc ti6u Mdt ndi dung day hgc duge giang vien soan thio tot nd cd duge eae dae diem sau: - Ndi dung day hgc phu kin muc tieu hge tap: Mue tieu hgc tap trire tiep qui dinh ngi dung day hgc Ndi dung chi cd thi duge eoi la ed hieu qua nd phii hgp vdi mue tieu va phuc vu cho viee thirc hien muc tieu - Ndi dung day hge phai ed kha nang phin biet giiia cai phai bilt, can bilt va ed thi biet Bdi le, ngudi diiy va ngudi hgc cd the tiep xiic vdi vd sd cac tai lieu tir nhilu ngudn khic nhau: tren internet, phim anh, tivi, dai, saeh bao va eae tai lieu tham khao Viec lam eho hg choang nggp giira eae tai lieu vi khd xae dinh dau la nhiing ngi dung quan trgng can phai nim Phin biet nhiing ngi dung phai biet, cSn biit vd co the biit se giiip cho ngudi hgc biet tap trung thdi gian, edng siic vao eae ngi dung chu yeu Miic can thiet cho viee n4m virng muc ti6u day hgc se ndi len tim quan trgng cua muc tieu Cai phai biet chinh la nhimg ndi dung phuc vu true tiep eho viec thirc hien cac muc tieu day hgc - Ndi dung day hgc phai lip duge cae khoang trdng nhu cau dao tao ciia sinh vien va nhu cau dao tao eua nha trudng Khi xiy dung ngi dung day hgc giao vi6n phii xuit phat tu: muc tieu dao tao, mue tieu mdn hge, dae diem cua ngudi hge, tinh hinh thue tien cua trudng Vi du: vdi bai "Ngudi gidg viin chu nhiem lap" ed muc tieu: "Lam chg sinh viin lam tdt cong tdc chd nhiem lap dgt thue tap su phgm" cd thS thue hiSn duge cac em lam tdt cae nhiem vu sau: Nim d\igc tinh hinh hgc sinh, xiy dung duge kl ho^eh edng tie, tiln hanh eae hoat ddng giio due, phdi hgp eae lire lugng giao due Mudn nam duge tinh hinh hgc sinh lai phai biet sir dung cac phuong phap quan sat, thu thip cae nguon thdng tin, bilt td chiic boat dgng tap the Ndi dung tri thiic, ky nang, each thirc tien hanh eae cdng viee eiia ngudi giao vien chu nhiem lop chinh li ndi dung day hgc ein phai hinh cho hgc sinh Vi vay, xae dinh mue tieu day hgc, cd the xiy dung ngi dung day hgc bang each: ehia nhd muc tieu thinh cic nhiem vu - chia nhd eae nhiem vu ede hanh ddng - chia nhd cac hanh dgng va dieu kien thue hiSn ehung * Lua chgn va sir dung phmmg phap day hoc Khi lira chgn va sir dung phuang phap day hgc can can cur vao: - Mdi quan he giu'a phuong phap vdi muc tifiu, ndi dung day hge: Phuong phap day hgc chiu su quy dinh ciia muc tieu va ndi dung day hgc Phuang phap la sir thdng nhit giua muc tieu va ngi dung day hge, la TRLTdNG DAI HQC PHO YEN ylu to dam bao eho ndi dung va mue tieu day hgc duge thue hien - Mdi quan he giiira phuang phap day hgc vdi ngudi day: Phuang phap day hge mang tinh ehii quan ehiu sir quy djnh ciia ngudi sir dung chiing, vao kha nang nam vung trinh sir dung thao chiing - Mdi quan he giiia phuong phap day hgc vdi ngudi hgc: Mudn dat hieu qua phuang phap day hge phai phCi hgp vdi ngudi hgc, phii hgp vdi dae diem nhan thire va nang nhin thiic ciia hg - Phuang phap day hgc ehiu sir quy djnh cua phuang tien va cac dieu kien day hge khac Vi the tien hanh lira chgn va sii dung eae phuong phap day hgc chiing ta can phai ehu >" den cac yeu td tren * Dira sinh vien vao tinh huong cd v^n dl Md dau bai day bang each dua sinh vien vao tinh hudng cd van de, tir dd giup sinh vien tiep thu bai giang, tiep thu kien thiic va giai dap vin dh hge tzip Ching han dl giing bai "Tdm U hgc Id mgt khoa hgc " nhu sau: Chiing ta da bilt eiu "Song sdu cdn cd ke dd, Idng ngudi de md cho tudng", hoac "O cho vira long ngudi, a rgng ngudi cudi, a hep ngiedi ehe"; Vay "Long ngudi" d diy duge hieu nhu thi nao eho dung, cho diy dii? Thue chit "Long ngudi" la gi, ed quy luat vl "Ldng ngudi" hay khdng va lim thi nao dl duge, hilu duge va lam vira "Ldng ngudi" Tilp din, eho mdt vii sinh vien phat bilu y kiln vl cac quan diem tren, sau ggi y sinh vien mudn giai quyet vin dl tr8n ein hgc bai "Tdm li hgc Id mdt khoa Ape" hoac 'T«pr 10 sdng, ngon ndi vd nggn deo "cd phdi la thdnh tich the thao hay mdt logi xe ca gidi hien dgi mdi duac phdt minh? Sau eho mgt vai sinh vien phat bilu giang vien chdf lai: Dd chinh la siee mgnh ciia tinh cam ciia ngudi Mudn bi6t rd vin de tren ein hgc bai "Tinhedm" * Trinh bay ngi dung bai giang - Ghi din bai len bang, dua vao dd ma giang giai mdt each cd he thdng - Giing vien giang bai, md rgng kiln thiic, vdn hieu biet ciia hgc sinh bang each so sanh, ddi ehieu cae su kien, ehi ro mau thuin giiia li lusin va thue tiln ciia ngi dung - Kit hgp diln giang thdng bao vdi diln giang n6u van de - Bi€n phap tich cue nhit li kieu neu mgt nghjch li, ching han ndi din anh hudng ciia hoan canh, mdi trudng din sir phat triln nhin each cd the neu hai vin de ed tinh chat ddi lap - Bien phap thir hai li di6n giang ngat quang xen vao mgt eau hdi neu vin de - Bien phap thii ba la ket hgp dien giang vdi dam thoai tranh luan khoang 7-10 phiit - Bien phap thii tu la ket hgp diln giang vdi trinh bay true quan va luyen tip tren Idp Trong qua trinh day hge giang vi8n nen ket hgp vdi cac phuang tiSn nghe, nhin, cac so dd, bilu dd, tranh anh, may ehilu, may ghi im Ket thue bai day giang vien trinh biy tdm tat bai day giup sinh vi£n nhin lai burc tranh toan eanh mgt each tdm luge nhung diy du y ehinh ciia bai giing va nhin m^inh nhiitig dilm quan trgng ndi b^t Cung ed the danh vai phiit dl dat ciu hoi khai quat dl sinh viSn nhd lai nhiing dieu da hgc theo mgt he thong chat ehe Cung ed the yeu eau sinh vien trinh b^y so dd phin nhanh thdng ke, phan nhanh logic dl tdm tit bai giang Giang vi€n ed the neu cac eiu hdi t6m tat bai vira hgc, de cap nhat nhiing vin de ed lien quan se giai quylt bai giang sau de sinh vien suy nghT va tra Idi bai sau TAP CHl KHOA HOC SO * 2015 D6 khang dinh ket qua nghien ciiru chiing tdi da ehgn ngau nhien 123 sinh vi8n lap DC14ST0 ehia lim nhdm: nhdm ddi chung DC14STO01, 59 sinh vien (SV); nhdm thir nghiem DC14STO02, 64 SV Kit qua hge tip bai kiem tra lin mdn "Gido due hgc 1" cua nhdm tuong duang nhdm ddi chiing vin giing day bing phuang phap truyin thdng; Nhdm thd nghiem giang day cd van dung tinh hulng cd vin de vao qua trinh day hgc Sau qua trinh thir nghiem ehiing tdi thu duge kit qui nhu sau: Bang Kit qud hgc tap cua sinh vien nhdm doi chimg vd thir nghiem \7^^^^ stt \^ Nhom Lan Lo^i diem \ Boi chimg (59 SV) DC14STO01 Tnrtifc thir nghiem SV % Gi6i(9-10di8m) Kha ( - diim) 34 Trung binh ( - diem) 25 Yeu - kem ( - diem) 0 Thir nghiem (64SV) DC14STO02 Sau thir nghifm SV % Tru^c thir nghiem SV 0 57.6 37 62.7 42.4 22 37.3 0 Qua bang eho chung ta thiy sau van dung tinh hudng cd van de day hgc cae mdn Tim li hgc - Giao due hgc, ti le sinh vien dat loai kha tang len rd ret tir 56,3% len 73,4%; Xuat hien diem gidi ehilm 3,2% Tdm lai, de tich cue hda boat dgng hgc tip eCia sinh vien dai hgc, giang vi6n can nghien cuu van dung phuang phap "Tmh huong cd van de dgy hgc" vao qua trinh giang day mgt each sang tao Neu van dung mgt each linh hoat, ddng thdi ket hgp sir dung cac phuang phap td ehiie day hgc da dang, phu hgp vdi trinh nhan thire va tam li ciia sinh vien, eung nhu chu y den cac phuang tien ky thuat va quy thdi gian cho phep ciia chuang trinh mdn hge, ehae chin chit lugng bai giang se duge nang cao Dilu quan trgng la can ket hgp dien % Sau thir nghiem SV % 3.2 36 56.3 47 73.4 28 43.7 15 23.4 0 0 giing vdi phuong phap day hgc neu van de, tga dam, thio luan va eae bai tip thirc hanh khac Nhu vay, ehit lugng bai giang phu thugc vao phong each, ky thuat, nghe thuat trinh bay ciia giang vien nham kich thich hiing thii sinh vien theo phuang ehim: "Hgc cho sSu, hdi cho ky, suy nghi cho cdn than, phan biet cho sdng suot, lam viic cho hit long" Ket lu^n Xay dung tinh huong cd van de day hgc ndi chung va day hgc Tam li hgc - Giao due hge ndi rieng la rat quan trgng va ed y nghTa thiet thue, nd gdp phan nang eao ehit lugng va hieu qua giang day va hgc tap cua ngudi day va ngudi hge Khi ndi den cac phuang phap day hgc tich cue khdng the khdng ndi den phucmg phap day hge neu van dl cung eae phuong phap tu TRU'6NG DAI HOC PHlJ YfiN hge, lam bai tap sang tao Viec xiy dung tinh hudng cd vin dl day hgc la each thiie quan trgng nhim nang eao trinh dd tu duy, phat triln tinh doe lap nhan thiie eho ngudi hgc, ddi hdi ngudi day phai khdng ngirng hgc hdi, nang cao tay nghe, trinh ehuyen mdn, nghiep vu de giy duge cam xiie va ngae nhien eho ngudi hgc, tir dd tao [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] cam giae phin hirng thii hgc tiip cho ngudi hgc, lam eho ti8t hgc trd nen sinh ddng Nhu vay ed the khSng dinh ring phuong phap "Tinh huong cd van de dgy hoc" ciing eae phuang phap day hgc tieh cue khac se gdp phin ddi mdi phuang phap d?y hgc cac mdn Tim li hgc - Giao due hgcG TAI LIfiU THAM KHAO Nguyen Nggc Bao (2000), Hogt dgng dgy hgc d trudng phd thdng trung hgc casdNxb Giao due Ha Ndi Pham Minh Hae (1982), Nhap mdn tdm li hgc, Nxb Giao due Ha Ngi Trin Trgng Thiy (chu bien), Nguyin Quang Uin (2004) Tdm li hge dgi cuang Nxb Giao due, HaNdi Thai Duy Tuyen (2004), Nhiing vdn di chung cua gido due hgc, Nxb Dai hgc sir pham V Okdn (1976), Nhimg ca sd ciia dgy hgc niu vdn de, Nxb Giao due, Ha Ngi Abstract Using problematic situations ia teaching and learning the subject of psychology - education 77ie nature of a classroom problematic situation involves taking students into problematic situations and help them find a variety of solutions to them In the curriculum of teachers training colleges, psychology and education are typical professional subjects which play a key role in teachers training The article provides an overview of problematic situations and how to use them in teaching and learning psychology - education aiming at promoting the quality and effectiveness in training the prospective teaching staff Keywords: problematic situations, psychology, education ... phat trien nhan TRUONG DAI HOC PHU YEN tilp nhan, dd khdng tao duge hiing thii ddi vdi mdn hgc Trong eae mdn Tam li hge - Giao due hgc lai la nhiing mdn cung cip nhiing tri thiic cdng cu khdng... 7-10 phiit - Bien phap thii tu la ket hgp diln giang vdi trinh bay true quan va luyen tip tren Idp Trong qua trinh day hge giang vi8n nen ket hgp vdi cac phuang tiSn nghe, nhin, cac so dd, bilu dd,