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Xa hoi hoc so (111), 2010 57 NHAN THU'C VA CHI DAO CUA CAN B O LANH DAO QUAN LY CAP CO SC) TRONG THI/C HIEN BINH DANG GI61 MIEN NUI PHIA BAC HIEN NAY HOANG KIM NGAN' Dat van de Vao nhflng nam d l u cua the ky XXI, tren pham vi toan clu loai ngfldi da dat dfldc nhieu tien be vfldt bac tren rat nhieu linh vflc: chinh tri, kinh te, van hda, xa hpi, giao due, y te, khoa hpc va cdng nghe, dd cd binh dang gidi Do'i vdi Viet Nam van de binh ding gidi la muc tieu cua chien lUdc phat trien ngUdi ndi rieng, cua chien lUdc phat trien kinh te - xa hpi ndi chung Nhflng nd Iflc thu hep khoang each bit binh dang gidi va d l u tfl vao ngudn vd'n ngfldi da dfla dat nfldc dflng hang thfl 80 tren the gidi (trong tdng so' 136 quo'c gia) ve chi so' phat trien gidi (GDI) va trd quo'c gia dat dfldc sfl thay ddi nhanh chdng xda bd khoang each gidi vdng 20 nam trd lai day d khu vflc Ddng A' Ben canh nhflng tflu dfldc cpng ddng qudc te ghi nhan va thflc te ehflng minh, Viet Nam dang gap phai nhflng thach thflc tren dfldng thflc hien muc tieu binh dang gidi Khoang each ve vi the, vai trd gifla nam va nfl van chfla dfldc san bang Dac biet la dd'i vdi cac vung kinh te - xa hpi va dieu kien dia ly tfl nhien cdn gap nhieu khd khan, thi van de cai thien sfl bat binh dang gidi dang la mpt thach thflc Idn De tflng bfldc lap day khoang each bat binh dang gidi tren cae linh vflc cua ddi sdng xa hpi, thdi gian qua Dang va Nha nfldc lien tuc ban hanh cac chu trfldng, chinh sach ve binh dang gidi va sfl ddi cua Luat binh dang gidi (2007) cho thay sfl quan tam to Idn cua Nha nfldc den binh dang gidi Tuy nhien, cd mpt thflc te la cac chinh sach ban hanh thi nhieu nhflng nhieu nguyen nhan, nen cd nhflng chinh sach chfla di vao cupe sd'ng Bdi vay, de he thdng chinh sach, phap luat ve binh dang gidi dfldc hien thflc hda cupe sd'ng, thi cln cd cd sfl nd Iflc chung cua toan xa hpi, dd dpi ngu can bd lanh dao, quan ly (LDQL) cap cd sd cd vai trd dac biet quan trpng Thflc tien ddi sd'ng da ehflng minh de thflc hien BDG mpt each ben vflng thi cln phai xult phat tfl cd sd, tai chinh cd sd Day thflc sfl la mpt nhan to' cd anh hfldng quan trpng va trflc tiep tdi nhflng bfldc tien thflc hien binh dang gidi (BDG) d nfldc ta hien nay, dd cd khu viic mien nui phia Blc Bai viet dUa • NCV Vien Xd hdi hgc, Hgc vien Chinh tri - Hdnh chinh Qud'c gia Ho Chi Minh ' WB, CIDA, ADB, DFID 2006 Danh gia tinh hinh gidi d Viet Nam, tr 11 58 Nhdn thdc vd chi dgo cua cdn bd lanh dgo quan ly vao ket qua nghien cflu De tai cap Bp 2008 Vien Xa hdi hpc chfl tri "Nhdn thdc vd sii chi dgo thiic hien binh ddng gidi cua cdn bo LDQL cap cd sd d mien nui phia Bdc"^ de phan tich thflc trang nhan thflc, chi dao va cac yeu td tac dpng den viec chi dao thflc hien binh ding gidi cua dpi ngu can bp cap cd sd d mien nui phia Blc hien Nhan thiic cua can bo LDQL cap ctf sb ve binh dang gidi Cap cd sd (xa, phfldng, thi trin) khdng chi la cap trflc tiep thflc hien, ma cdn la ndi kiem nghiem hieu Iflc, tinh dung dan cua dfldng ldi, chu trfldng cua Dang, chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nfldc Can bp lanh dao, quan ly (LD, QL) cap cd sd la nhflng ngfldi gifl vai trd quyet dinh viec hien thflc hoa sfl lanh dao, quan ly cua Dang va Nha nfldc ve mpi mat ddi sd'ng kinh te - xa hpi d dia phfldng Do vay, cung nhfl cac chu trfldng, chinh sach khac, binh dang gidi phai dfldc thflc hien tfl cd sd vdi vai trd quan trpng nhat thupc ve dpi ngu can bo LD, QL d cap nay, dung nhfl Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da khlng dinh "Cap xa lam dfldc viec thi mpi cong viec deu xong xuoi"^ Ke't qua so lieu dieu tra dinh tinh va dinh Ifldng cho thay kien thflc cua cln bo lanh dao quan ly cap ed sd tai hai dia ban khao sat ve van de binh dang gidi da dat dfldc nhflng mflc dp nhat dinh Vdi cau hdi mang tinh chat chung ve binh dang gidi thi cd tdi 42.8% so' nhflng ngfldi dfldc hdi khang dinh can bp LDQL cap cd sd c6 nhan thflc chung ve binh dang gidi kha tot va cd 47.2% dat mflc trung binh va kem va khd danh gia chi chiem ty le khiem ton la 10% Day la mpt nhflng chi bao kha quan trpng phan anh kien thflc, hieu biet chung ve binh dang gidi cua can bo LDQL cap cd sd bfldc d l u rat ding ghi nhan (bieu 1) Bleu 1: Ddnh gid cua cdn bo ve mflc dp nhqn thflc chung ve BDG cua cdn bp ca sd 50-, 40 3020 -^ Mgk ^^1 1^1 10 HBBH , ,.wô ã ^ ^ ^ ã H M H I ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Td't I Cha Trung binh Kem Khdng rd ^ Oe tai cap BQ, HQC vi?n CT-HCQG Ho Chf Minh, 2008-2009 ' Ho Chf Minh toan tap Nha xuat ban Chfnh tri quoc gia H 2002, t5, tr 371 Hodng Kim Ngdn 59 Khi tim hieu ve mflc dp "biet/nghe Luat Binh dang gidi" va chfldng trinh "long ghep gidi vao ke hoach phat trien nam 2006 - 2010", ket qua cho thay cd 63.2% sd ngfldi dfldc hdi tra ldi da tflng nghe den Luat BDG va chfldng trinh Ldng ghep gidi la 19.6% Cd the ndi L u i t BDG va Chfldng trinh Ldng ghep gidi la nhflng cd sd quan trpng viec thflc thi binh ding gidi va viec trien khai nhflng chinh sach den ngfldi dan cung la trach nhiem cua can bp cap cd sd Tren thflc te thdi gian qua nhflng chfldng trinh da dfldc cac phfldng tien truyen thong tuyen truyen kha sau rpng Tuy nhien, so' lieu dieu tra cho thay sfl hieu bie't cua dpi ngfl can bp cd sd cdn bet sflc ban che va bat cap Cd tdi 80.4%) can bp dien khao sat tra ldi la chfla tflng dfldc nghe va tiep can vdi chfldng trinh ldng ghep gidi Cd the ndi day la mpt nhflng chi bao phan anh mflc dp quan tam cua can bp cd sd tai mien nfli phia Bac dd'i vdi chinh sach ve Binh dang gidi cdn bet sflc md nhat va mang tinh be ndi Viec hp chfla thflc sfl quan tam va hieu biet it ve nhflng chfldng trinh se la nhflng can trd Idn viec lap ke hoach cung nhfl trien khai cac chfldng trinh lien quan den BDG tai dia phfldng "Noi that Id tdi ciing chiia bao gid diigc nghe ndi ve long ghep gidi Theo toi long ghep gidi Id long ghep nam gidi vdo nii gidi, vi bdy gid thiic hien binh ddng, cdi gi CO nam Idm thi phdi cd nd, cdi gi nd lam cdng phdi cd nam gidi thi mdi cong bdng chd" (phong vdn sdu Hodng Vdn Q; 50 tudi Cdn bo LDQL xd, Bdt Xdt, Ldo Cai) Luat BDG cua Viet Nam dfldc ban hanh vao thang 12/2006 va chinh thflc cd hieu Iflc vao thang 7/2008 va Luat BDG bao gdm linh vflc: (chinh tri; kinh te; lao dgng viec lam; gido due vd ddo tgo; khoa hgc vd cong nghe; hdn nhdn vd gia dinh; y te; vdn hod the thao) Tuy nhien ty le can bp tra ldi dflng Luat binh dang gidi cd bao nhieu linh vUc lai het sflc khiem ton (9.2%) va cd tdi 58.8%) tra ldi khong biet Luat cd may linh vflc (xem bang 1) Dieu cho thly viec nghe den Luat BDG va nam dfldc cac linh vflc ma Luat quy dinh dd'i vdi dpi ngu can bp LDQL cap cP sd dang cd mpt khoang each kha Idn Ket qua phan anh sfl hieu bie't cua can bp ve npi dung va Luat quy dinh chi la be noi va thieu vflng chac Ro rang vdi cfldng vi la nhflng ngfldi sat dan, lanh dao dan thflc hien cac chu trfldng, chinh sach phap luat cua Dang va Nha nfldc di vao cupe sd'ng nhflng thflc te viec thieu hieu bie't cua ho chfla thflc sii vflng chac va bao quat va dieu dang la thach thflc Idn viec thflc hien chinh saeh binh dang gidi tai mot khu vUc cdn gap khd khan ve nhieu mat nhU mien nui phia Bac hien Qua trao ddi vdi can bp cfl- sd chung tdi cdn nhan thay, nhieu can bp cdn chUa phan biet dUdc hai khai niem gidi va gidi tinh nen ed sU n h l m lln gifla hai khai niem Tham ehi mdt sd can bo cdn cho ring: "gidi la gidi nam va gidi nfl", cdn "gidi tinh la phu nfl va nam gidi" 60 Nhdn thdc vd chi dgo ciia cdn bd lanh dgo quan ly Bdng 1: IVICifc hieu biet cua cdn bo ve cdc linh vyc binh dang gidl duqc qui djnh Luqt Binh dang gidi Y kien ve so linh vifc BOG So lupng Ty 1$ % llnh vyc 27 10.5 ilnh vyc 42 16.8 linh vyc 23 9.2 10 iinh vyc 11 4.4 Khong bie't 147 58.8 250 100 Cong Ong Hodng Vdn K (cdn bg xd huyen Sa Pa, tinh Ldo Cai): theo toi gidi Id CO hai gidi, gidi nam vd gidi nd; gidi tinh Id phu nd vd nam gidi Phu nvC sinh con, cho nd bit, nam gidi thi Idm kinh te de nuoi gia dinh Sit khdc biet ve gidi Id nam gidi khoe hdn nd gidi, trai diidng nhien phdi khoe hdn gdi Bd Gidng Thi T (cdn bg xd cua thi xd Hd Giang): gidi tinh Id ngiidi phu nd vd ngiidi nam gidi Ngiidi phu nil sinh con, chdm sdc con, lam viec ntidng rdy, viec nhd Ngiidi ddn ong, ngiidi ta co chdm nhiing it hdn, ngiidi ta chi di Idm niidng rdy Id chinh, vi nam gidi ngiidi ta khde hdn Dinh kie'n gidi cua can bp cd sd nhieu linh vflc dang la mot van de dang lo ngai Ke't qua dieu tra cho thay cd khong it can bp cap cd sd cdn c6 tfl tfldng dinh kien gidi kha ro net quan niem "trpng nam khinh nfl", bieu hien d viec hp mong mudn cd trai de ndi doi tdng dfldng, de thd cflng td tien Mpt sd can bp cd tinh sinh thfl 3, thfl vdi muc dich cd dfldc trai va dieu d i n den can bp vi pham chinh sach dan so' - KHHGD Nhfl vay, vdi suy nghi va hanh vi vi pham phap lenh dan sd va sii thieu gfldng m l u cua mpt bp phan can bp, dang vien bat ngudn tfl dinh kie'n gidi da lam anh hfldng khdng nhd den viee thflc hien chinh sach dan sd - KHHGD ciia ngfldi dan, lam giam sut uy tin cua chinh minh trfldc cpng ddng dan cfl "Ngay cd cdn bo xd dd cd hai con, nhiing vdn sinh thd de cd diidc trai Tgi ngiidi ta phdi co'sinh deed diidc trai vi theo hg trai dugc coi trgng hdn gdi, trai de nd'i doi tdng diidng, chdm sdc nuoi diidng ngiidi ta ve gid, cbn gdi di lay chdng vi nhd ngiidi ta mat Tdi thdy khong phdi tdt cd cdn bg Id nhii the, nhiing ciing cd mgt so'cdn bg md tdi bie't, tham chi cd cd ho hdng anh em nhd toi lam cdn bg nhiing co'sinh bdng diidc deed trai" (PVS Bd Vdng Thi H, cdn bo Hgi phu nd huyen Bdt Xdt, tinh Ldo Cai) Hodng Kim Ngdn 61 Ben canh dinh kien gidi viec sinh thi tfl tfldng danh gia thap phu nfl va luon cho r i n g phu nfl thua kem nam gidi tren nhieu phfldng dien cua can bp cd sd cung dang la Iflc can ddi vdi viec thflc hien binh dang gidi chinh tri va la nguyen nhan giam thieu eac cd hpi thang tien ve quyen Iflc cua phu nfl Chi dao thflc hien binh dang gidfi cua can bo LDQL cap ctf sd d mien nui phia Bac De van de binh dang gidi dUdc hien thiic hda cupe sd'ng, dac biet la do'i vdi khu vUc mien nfli phia Bac - ndi dang phai dd'i mat vdi nhieu khd khan ve kinh te xa hpi cung nhU cac hu tuc lac hau, tap quan sinh nhieu va tam ly trpng nam khinh nfl Dieu ddi hdi sfl no Iflc va quyet tam cua dpi ngu can bp cd sd viec trien khai, chi dao cac chu trfldng, chinh sach ve binh dang gidi So' lieu dieu tra cho thay chi cd 29.2% cua can bp LDQL cd sd cho bie't xa/phfldng minh da phd bien van de BDG tdi ngfldi dan; 33.2%) da phat tai lieu ve binh dang gidi eho phu nfl va nam gidi va dfla van de BDG nao npi dung sinh boat cua cae doan the la 43.6%) (bang 2) Dieu cho thay viec trien khai, thdng tin, giao due, truyen thdng cho cpng ddng dan cfl ve BDG cua "dpi ngu can bp LDQL cap cd sd chi dflng lai d mflc dfldi trung binh va het sflc khiem ton Bdng 2: Mot sd hoqt dong cdn bq LDQL cdp co sd da trien khai tqi cong ddng ddn ca (ty i f %) n Noi dung Cd Khdng Cpng Oua vdn de binh ddng gioi vdo sinh hogt cac to chuc dodn 43.6 56.4 100 the xa hpi Phat tdi lieu BDG cho phy nu vd nam gidi 33,2 66.8 100 Pho bien cho ngudi ddn ve binh ddng gidi 29,2 70.8 100 Tuyen truyen BDG tren loa truyen 28,4 71.6 100 Thflc tiln ddi sd'ng da ehflng minh, de thflc hien BDG cpng ddng dan cfl thi dieu cd y nghia quan trpng la td chflc Dang, chinh quyen va cac to chflc doan the xa hpi can xay dflng chfldng trinh, ke hoach, td chflc cac boat dpng cflng nhfl kiem tra, giam sat mot each thfldng xuyen, cd tinh dinh ky Qua trflng c l u y kie'n cho thay cac td chflc dfla van de BDG vao chfldng trinh, ke hoach boat dpng cdn thap: Hoi phu nfl 53.6%, tiep den td chflc Dang 53.2%, Uy ban nhan dan 44.0% (bang 3) Viec it quan tam den xay dflng chfldng trinh, ke hoach thflc hien BDG se la yeu td tac dpng khdng nhd den viec thflc hien cac chinh sach lien quan den binh ding gidi, dac biet la dieu kien d mien nui phia Blc hien 62 Nhdn thifc vd chi dgo cua cdn bd Idnh dgo qudn ly Bdng 3: IVIqt sd td chiJrc dua vdn de BDG vdo chuong trinh, ke hoqch Dua vd'n de BOG vdo chuong trinh, ke hogch hoqt dpng To chuc ( Cd Khdng Hdi ddng nhan ddn 37.6 32.4 Uy ban nhdn dan 44.0 26.0 30.0 To chuc Odng 53.2 16.8 46.3 Hpi phy nu 53.6 16.4 30.0 Khong ro Ke't qua phdng van sau, thao luan nhdm do'i vdi dpi ngu can bp LDQL cac cap cung da phan anh thflc te van cdn mpt so' td chflc cl^p cd sd chfla quan tam den viec dfla van de BEiG vao cle chfldng trinh, ke hoach boat dpng cua dia phfldng minh; neu cd dfla cung chi dflng d mflc chung chung, mang tinh "ho k h i u hieu" ma chfla thflc sfl coi day la mpt nhflng nhiem vu quan trpng cua dia phfldng Mot cdn bg thi trdn huyen Bdt Xdt ciia tinh Ldo Cai cho bie't qua phdnig vdn sdu: "Xd cd noi den BDG, cd diia vdo nghi quye't cua Ddng, nghi quyet ciia hgi dong nhdn ddn, nhiing diia it thdi, khdng cd diidc cu the, vi ciing chiia biet Idm the ndo, chi bie't phdi tdng ciidng BDG, de quan tdm cho ngiidi phu nd" De thflc day boat dpng BDG, Viet Nam da lap Uy ban quo'c gia vi sfl tien bp phu nfl (VSTBPN), cac bp, nganh, dia phfldng (cac cap uy Dang, chinh quyen tfl cap tinh den cap xa) deu cd trach nhiem chi dao viec lap cac Ban VSTBPN Tuy nhien, tai thdi diem khao sat (10/2007) van cdn nhflng xa chfla lap dfldc Ban VSTBPN Khi dfldc hdi ve Ban Vi sfl tien bp Phu nfl thi cd tdi 63.6% can bp dfldc hdi khang dinh xa cua hp da lap Ban VSTBPN; chfla lap 19.2% va mot bp phan dang ke can bp (17.2%) khong bie't xa da lap Ban VSTBPN hay chfla Vdi cac xa chfla lap Ban VSTBPN, Hpi phu nfl xa dam nhan viec td chflc trien khai thiic hien BDG Tuy nhien vdi vai trd cua Hpi, viec trien khai boat dpng BDG thUdng thien hUdng quan tam den phu nfl, coi BDG la quan tam tdi binh dang eho phu nfl; mat khac td chflc Hpi khd chi dao td chflc trien khai thflc hien vi thieu sfl ke't hdp cua cac ban nganh, doan the cd sd Do dd viec trien khai boat dpng BDG d cac xa cdn nhieu ban che, mang tinh hinh thflc va chfla tao dfldc sflc manh thflc sfl cua cac td chflc, ban nganh nham huy dpng sfl tham gia cua can bp, cua ngfldi dan vao viec thflc hien cac muc tieu BDG cua dia phfldng minh Vdi cac xa da lap Ban VSTBPN, cd nhflng Ban da di vao boat dpng nhfl xay dflng ke hoach thflc hien, hpp dinh ky, tdng ke't nam, song boat dpng mdi chi la bfldc dlu, cdn mang nang tinh hinh thflc, hieu qua cdn thap Ben canh dd cd nhflng xa da lap Ban gdm dly du eae phln, nhflng chfla cd hoat dpng, viec td chflc trien khai cac boat dpng v l n dfldc coi la cdng viec cua Hpi phu nfl Thflc te dd d i n den dpi ngu can bp LDQL cd sd trien khai dfldc p h l n niio boat Hodng Kim Ngdn 63 dpng thuc day BDG Cd 29.2% sd y kien cua can bd LDQL cd sd cho biet xa da phd bien van de BDG tdi ngfldi dan, 32.2% cd phat tai heu cho phu nfl va nam gidi 33.2%, 43.6% cd dfla van de BDG nao npi dung sinh boat cua cac doan the 43.6% (bang 5) Dieu eho thay viec trien khai, thdng tin, giao due, truyen thdng cho cpng ddng dan cfl ve BDG cua dpi ngu can bp LDQL cap cd sd da dfldc quan tam nhflng ket qua v l n cdn khiem to'n va vdi each thflc td chflc trien khai lam ban che tdi nhan thflc va sfl tham gia cua ngfldi dan viec thflc hien BDG Bdng Mot sd hoqt dong cdn bq LDQL cdp co sd dd trien khai tqi cong ddng ddn cu Ndi dung TT Cd Khdng Cdng Dua vd'n de binh ddng gioi vdo sinh hogt dodn the 43.6 56.4 100 Phat tdi lieu cho phy nu vd nam gioi 33.2 66.8 100 Pho bie'n cho ngudi ddn ve binh ddng gioi 29.2 70,8 100 Tuyen truyen tren loa truyen 28.4 71,6 100 Vai trd ca nhan cua mdi can bp cd y nghia quan trpng gdp p h l n thuc day BDG Trong sd'y kie'n tra ldi, cd 32.8% nhan dinh rang ban than tich cflc tham gia chi dao to chflc trien khai thflc day boat dpng binh dang gidi va dat mflc binh thfldng la 36.4%, cdn lai 30.8% tfl nhan minh cdn it thapi gia, chfla tham gia va khdng tra ldi Viec lap cac ke hoach trien khai cac chu trfldng, chinh sach ve BDG la bet sflc quan trpng, nhien de cac boat dpng binh dang gidi thflc sfl ed hieu qua thi cln phai gan lien vdi cdng tac kiem tra, giam sat va danh gia So' lieu cho biet cd mpt ty le nhat dinh nhflng ngfldi dfldc hdi nhan dinh r i n g da thflc hien viec kiem tra giam sat dat mflc to't la 21.6% va mflc trung binh la 45.6% va van cd tdi 25.6%) can bp nhan dinh la viec kiem tra, giam sat cdn yeu va khd danh gia Nhfl vay, cd the khang dinh viec it kiem tra, giam sat va giam sat vdi chat Ifldng thap se la nguyen nhan anh hfldng den nhflng ke'hoach dat khong theo ke't qua mong ddi Cac yeu to tac dong den thflc trang nhan thiic va sfl chi dao cua can bo LDQL cap cd sd Tfl ke't qua khao sat, theo chung tdi cd rat nhieu nguyen nhan dan den thflc trang tren nhfl yeu to' hpc van, gidi tinh, khoi cong tac va mflc dp tiep can vdi cac phfldng tien truyen thdng a) Yeu to'hgc vd'n: Trong sd nhflng can bp dien khao sat cd tdi 52% chi dat trinh dp THPT trd xud'ng va chi cd 6.8% dat trinh dp cao dang, dai hpc Can bp cd trinh dp hpc van cao thi cd xu hfldng hieu bie't ve luat binh ding gidi cao hdn so vdi nhdm hpc van thap hdn Hpc van cang cao thi mflc dp tiep can thong tin cung nhfl cd hpi nang cao kie'n thflc cua minh ve cac Hnb viic cang di dang hdn Xuyen sud't cac chi bao hen quan den nhan thflc ve binh dang gidi cua can bp cd sd deu phan anh xu hfldng can bp cang cd mflc hpc van cao thi sfl hieu bie't ve binh ding gidi cang chinh xac va ben vflng 64 Nhdn thUc vd chi dgo cua cdn bg Idnh dgo qudn ly hdn Sd lieu eung cho bie't cd tdi 42.2% can bp cd trinh dp hpc v l n trung d p trd len tra ldi da nghe va biet den Luat binh dang gidi dd ty le d nhdm can bp cd trinh dp THPT la 31.2% va THCS trd xudng chi chiem 27% Tfl nhflng dfl lieu vfla phan tich cho thay yeu to'hoc van la mpt nhflng bie'n so' anh hfldng quan trpng den nhan thflc va chi dao ve binh ding gidi cua can bd cd sd Day thflc sfl la mpt van de rat dang lo ngai ddi vdi viec thflc thi binh ding gidi d khu vflc mien nfli phia Blc Dieu vfla phan anh thflc trang nhan thflc cac khai niem chung ve binh ding gidi eua cln bp cdn ban che lai vfla dat van de cln cd nhflng giai phap sat thflc nhlm tflng bfldc nang cao kien thflc binh dang gidi cho can bp cd sd de hp cd du nang Iflc va tfl tin viec tuyen truyen thflc hien BDG d dia phfldng b) Yeu to'gidi tinh Trong so' nhflng ngfldi dfldc hdi, can bp la nfl gidi luon cd mflc nhan thflc ve binh ding td't hdn so vdi nam gidi Chang ban vdi chi bao da nghe den luat BDG thi nfl gidi tra ldi da nghe den chiem ty le la 68.6% dd nam gidi la 62.3%); tfldng tfl nghe den ldng ghep gidi nfl chiem gin 23% va nam gidi la 19% Sfl tham gia cua ban than vao cac boat dpng binh dang gidi d dia phfldng cung cd sfl khac biet ro net gifla can bp la nam gidi va nfl gidi Cd tdi 11% can bp la nam gidi chfla cd bat cfl sfl tham gia nao vao trien khai cac chu trfldng chinh sach BDG d dia phfldng dd ty le d can bd nfl chi chiem 3.7% Trong h l u bet cae chi bao thi phu nfl ludn cd mflc nhan thflc cao hdn so vdi nam gidi Dieu cung phan anh mot thflc te la quan niem cua nhieu nhdm xa hpi, dac biet la nam gidi vdi tfl tfldng dinh kie'n gidi dfldc hpc hdi tfl gia dinh, xa hpi qua nhieu the he nen nghe den binh dapg gidi hp gin lien vdi phu nfl, trach nhiem chinh la phu nfl va mat khac phu nfl tai nhieu cd sd xa phfldng thfldng dfldc phan cdng dam nhiem linh vflc Ngoai ra, ca ban than la can bp nfl cflng cho rang dd la cdng viec cua minh, lien quan den ldi ich cua minh nen can quan tam nhieu hdn Bdi vay ma dan den mpt thflc trang la khdng rieng gi d linh vflc BDG ma nhieu linh vflc khac nhfl cham sdc SKSS, Dan so'/ke hoach hda gia dinh thi h l u bet so' lieu cung cho thly nhdm nfl gidi quan tam va hieu bie't nhieu hdn so vdi nam gidi Dieu gdi y rang cdng tac truyen thong ve binh d i n g gidi thdi gian tdi can tap trung nhieu hdn cho dd'i tfldng can bp la nam gidi c) Yeu to khd'i cdng tdc Qua nghien cflu cac cdng trinh di trfldc cung nhfl dfla vao ke't qua khao s i t cho thay, da so' nhflng ngfldi dfldc hdi d khdi cdng tac doan the - xa hpi deu danh gia cao mflc dp cln thiet cua viec thflc thi binh ding gidi Cd tdi 71% so'can bp d khd'i doan the nhan dinh ring da nghe phd bie'n ve Luat BDG va khd'i Dang 66.7% va khd'i chinh quyen chiem ty le thap nhat la 59.3% Viec can bp it quan tam hoae khong quan tam den viec phd bien nhflng chu trfldng, ehinh sach mdi cua Dang va Nha nfldc se la rao can qua trinh hp chi dao thflc tiln Ty le can bp eho r i n g da ldng ghep van de BDG vao cac nghi quyet, quye't dinh hang nam cua dia phfldng d khd'i Dang la 64.7%; khdi chinh quyen 77.9% va khd'i doan the chiem ty le cao n h i t la 84% Sd lieu dieu tra Hodng Kim Ngdn 65 cung cho thay can bd d khd'i doan the tham gia trflc tiep viec chi dao thflc hien BDG cao bdr^ rat nhieu chiem 62.0% dd ty le d khd'i chinh quyen chi chiem 53% Cd tdi 43.3% can bp khd'i doan the cho ring td chflc Hpi phu nfl chiu trach nhiem chinh ve cdng tac trien khai ke hoach BDG d dia phfldng minh Viec quan niem binh dang gidi la cdng viec cua phu nfl va trach nhiem cua cac td chflc doan the xa hpi, nen sfl tham gia cua nam gidi cac td chflc Dang va chinh quyen cdn bet sflc md nhat Chinh dieu d i n tdi thieu sfl phd'i ke't hdp chat che gifla cac td chflc doan the trien khai thflc hien binh dang gidi d cd sd Tdm lgi, nghien cflu cho thay nhan thflc va chi dao cua dpi ngu can bp LDQL cd sd mdi dap flng dfldc phln nao Mpt bp phan dang ke can bp LDQL cd sd hieu chfla dung heac chfla hieu bie't ve gidi, BDG, Luat, cac chu trfldng, chinh sach ve BDG va ed lien quan den BDG; hieu biet ve xay diing chfldng trinh, ke hoach thflc hien eac boat dpng BDG cdn mang tinh chung chung; can bp LDQL cd sd thieu ky nang td chflc thflc hien, giam sat, danh gia dd hieu qua cua cdng tac chi dao thflc day boat dpng BDG cdn nhieu yeu kem Nhan thflc, chi dao cua can bp LDQL cd sd cdn nhieu ban che nhieu yeu to' tac dpng khac nhfl: trinh dp hpc van, trinh dp chuyen mdn nghiep vu eua can bp cd sd cdn yeu k§m, cd mpt so' can bp chfla dpc thdng, viet thao tieng phd thong; can bp chfla dfldc tap huan thfldng xuyen de nang cao nhan thflc va ky nang chi dao ve BDG; phong tuc, tap quan lac hau, nhflng quan niem ve bat BDG cpng ddng va mot bp phan can bp LDQL cd sd kha nang ne; ban VSTBPN cua mpt sdxa chfla dfldc lap, vdi nhflng xa da lap, heat dpng cua ban van mang tinh hinh thflc, viec trien khai boat dpng BDG hlu bet van Hpi phu nfl xa dam nhan; chfla xac lap dfldc cd che pho'i hdp trien khai thuc day BDG gifla cac td chflc ban nganh doan the; kinh phi va cd sd vat chat dap flng trien khai boat dpng BDG d cd sd cdn rat thieu thd'n De nang cao nhan thflc, chi dao cho dpi ngu can bp LDQL cd sd ve BDG thdi gian tdi can tac dpng cua nhieu giai phap nhfl: - Cln cung cap cho dpi ngu can bp LDQL nhflng kie'n thflc, ky nang cd ban, cln thiet ve BDG thong qua nhieu hinh thflc khac nhfl: soat, lap, cung ed', tang cfldng ban VSTBPN cap xa nhlm nang cao hieu qua chi dao trien khai boat dpng BDG - Cap uy, chinh quyen cd sd cln tiep tuc quan triet, thflc hien nghiem tuc Luat Binh dang gidi nam 2007 va Chien lflde Quoc gia vi sfl tien bp cua phu nfl den nam 2010 - Thfldng xuyen dfla quyen phu nfl, chfldng trinh hanh dpng qud'c gia vi sfl tien bp cua phu nfl vao nghi quye't, chfldng trinh phat trien kinh te - van hda - xa hpi cua dia phfldng; dinh ky cd sd, tdng ket, danh gia, rflt kinh nghiem - Da dang hoa va sfl dung ke't hdp nhieu hinh thflc tuyen truyen cac chu rUdng, chinh sach ve binh dang gidi, quan tam phat trien phu nfl de nang cao nhan thflc cua can bp LD, QL d p cd sd va nhan dan viec thiic hien binh dang gidi Tfl dd tao sfl cpng ddng trach nhiem gifla Nha nfldc, nhan dan va cpng ddng xa hpi; lam cho can bp LD, QL d p cd sd thay dUdc nghia vu va quyen ldi cua minh viec thflc hien binh ding gidi./ ... phai dfldc thflc hien tfl cd sd vdi vai trd quan trpng nhat thupc ve dpi ngu can bo LD, QL d cap nay, dung nhfl Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da khlng dinh "Cap xa lam dfldc viec thi mpi cong viec deu xong... truyen 28.4 71,6 100 Vai trd ca nhan cua mdi can bp cd y nghia quan trpng gdp p h l n thuc day BDG Trong sd'y kie'n tra ldi, cd 32.8% nhan dinh rang ban than tich cflc tham gia chi dao to chflc trien... gidi tinh, khoi cong tac va mflc dp tiep can vdi cac phfldng tien truyen thdng a) Yeu to'hgc vd'n: Trong sd nhflng can bp dien khao sat cd tdi 52% chi dat trinh dp THPT trd xud'ng va chi cd 6.8%
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