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[...]... during thegolf swing In A.J.Cochran (ED.), Scienceand Golf: Proceedings ofthe First WorldScientificCongressof Golf, University of St Andrews, Scotland London: E&FN Spon 25–29, 1990 Barclay, JK, WE McIlroy Effect of skill level on muscle activity in the neck and forearm muscles during golf swing In A.J.Cochran (ED.), Scienceand Golf: Proceedings ofthe First WorldScientificCongressof Golf, ... pressure under the last three fingers ofthe left hand, the base ofthe first three fingers ofthe right hand andthe left thumb He 8 HOW HAS BIOMECHANICS CONTRIBUTED TO THEGOLF SWING? found that during the downswing the left thumb and right hand apply an impulsive force to the club, reaching peak 50 or 60 milliseconds prior to impact The last three fingers ofthe left hand were important to withstand centrifugal... equipment designers, golf course maintainers, designers and planners and inquiring golfers generally, as well as scientific researchers, will find something in the book that is of use to them as well as of interest Alastair Cochran Martin Farrally xxii TheWorldScientificCongressofGolf acknowledges financial support from the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews andthe United States Golf Association... axis of rotation14 The golfer must manage the club position by applying a negative torque throughout the first part ofthe downswing11, 14,17,24 The negative torque is applied with only gentle physical effort until the club was at approximately 60–70 degrees from the horizontal27 The time of downswing is approximately 230 to 250ms, with theScienceandGolf II: Proceedings ofthe World Scientific Congress. .. novice golfers In A.J.Cochran (ED.), Scienceand Golf: Proceedings ofthe First WorldScientificCongressof Golf, University of St Andrews, Scotland London: E&FN Spon 36–42, 1990 Neal, RJ, BD Wilson 3D kinematics and kinetics ofthegolf swing Int J Sport Biomech 1(3):221–232, 1985 Pink, M, FW Jobe, J Perry Electromyographic analysis ofthe shoulder during thegolf swing Int J Sport Biomechn 1(3):221–232,... performance ofthegolf shaft during the downswing J.H.Butler and D.C.Winfield 312 40 An investigation of three dimensional deformation of a golf club during downswing A.M.Brylawski 319 41 The attitude ofthe shaft during the swing of golfers of different ability J.S.B.Mather and M.A.J.Cooper 326 42 Golf shaft flex point—an analysis of measurement techniques A.Chou and O.C.Roberts 336 43 Kick back effect of. .. from the International Council of Sport Scienceand Physical Education through theWorld Commission of Sports Biomechanics Part One The Golfer 1 How has biomechanics contributed to the understanding ofthegolf swing? C.J.Dillman and G.W.Lange Steadman-Hawkins Sports Medicine Foundation, Vail, Colorado, USA Abstract Research on the biomechanics ofthegolf swing has been carried out to understand and. .. Congress, held in 1990, namely of issuing it in time for distribution at theCongress This imposes quite strict deadlines on authors and reviewers and we wish to thank all of them for their co-operation The papers are grouped into three Parts, entitled The Golfer, The Equipment, andTheGolf Course andthe Game Within each Part, similar topics are located as near to each other as possible Much of the. .. during thegolf drive: a case study involving a low handicap player and a high handicap player In A.J.Cochran (ED.), Scienceand Golf: Proceedings ofthe First WorldScientificCongressofGolf , University of St Andrews, Scotland London: E&FN Spon 25–29, 1990 Williams, A J, Jr An obscure influence in thegolf shot, J Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Trails ASME, Series G, (94), December: 289–295,... problems of municipal provision J.R.Lowerson 721 90 Golf, development andthe human sciences: the swing is not the only thing B.Stoddart 730 91 Discipline and flourish: golf as a civilising process? D.Collinson and K.Hoskin 739 92 Golf, media and change in Australia B.Parker 748 Index 759 Authors’ names and addresses The names and addresses in this list are those ofthe ‘contact authors’ ofthe papers . from the British Library
World Scientific Congress of Golf St.
Andrews, Scotland 4–8th July 1994
Held at the University of St. Andrews and approved and. 319
41 The attitude of the shaft during the swing of
golfers of different ability
J.S.B.Mather and M.A.J.Cooper
326
42 Golf shaft flex point—an analysis of
measurement