BACHELOR’S GRADUTION PROJECT topic deploying a multi layer network using dynamic routing RIP, OSPF, BGP

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONICS BACHELOR’S GRADUTION PROJECT Topic: Deploying a multi-layer network using dynamic routing RIP, OSPF, BGP Instructor: Dr Dang Quang Hieu Class: ET-E4 K63 Academic year: 2018-2022 Name: Le Bao Ngoc MSSV: 20182930 Hanoi, August 2022 ASSESSMENT OF THE GRADUATION PROJECT ( Use give lecture tablets direction lead ) Name of Instructors: Name od student: .MSSV: 20182930 Name of project: Select the appropriate score for students to present according to criteria below: Very poor (1); Poor (2); Pass (3); Good (4); Very good(5) There is a combination of theory and practice (20) State the urgency and importance of the topic, issues and hypotheses (including purpose and relevance) as well as the scope of application of the project Update the most recent research results (domestic/international) Specify and detail the research/problem solving method Have simulation/experimental results and clearly present the obtained results Ability to analyze and evaluate results (15) A clear work plan including objectives and implementation methods based on the results of theoretical research in a systematic way The results are presented in a logical and easy to understand manner, all results are analyzed and evaluated satisfactorily In the conclusion, the author points out the differences (if any) between the achieved results and the initial goals set out and provides arguments to suggest possible solutions in the future Project Report ‘s technical writing skills (10) The project presents in accordance with the prescribed form with a logical and beautiful structure of chapters (tables, clear images, with titles)has a chapter introduction and chapter conclusion, a list of referencescitations Excellent writing skills (standard sentence structure, scientific style, logical and well-founded reasoning, appropriate vocabulary usage, etc.) Scientific research achievements (5) (choose out of cases) Having a scientific article published or accepted for publication/winner of 3rd prize at Institute level or higher/scientific awards (international/domestic) from 3rd prize or higher/ Having a registered a patent Reported at the Institute council in the conference of scientific research students but did not win the 3rd prize or higher / Won the consolation prize in other national and international competitions on b the subject such as TI contest No achivements of scientific research c Total points 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 /50 Total points based on base 10 Other comments (about students' attitudes and working spirit) Date: … / … / 20… Instructor PREFACE Before presenting the content of my project report, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr Dang Quang Hieu, who has directly guide and provide documents for me during the project implementation Due to time constraints and limited knowledge, the report is not avoid making some minor errors Therefore, I look forward to receiving comments from teachers and friends to improve the topic Hanoi, August 2022 Students present Le Bao Ngoc GUARANTEE My name is Le Bao Ngoc, student number 2012930, student of Elitech Program’s Electronic Class 01, course 63 The instructor is Dr Dang Quang Hieu I hereby declare that all the content presented in the project "Deploying a multi-layer network system using dynamic routing of RIP, OSPF, BGP" is the result of my research The data stated in the project is completely honest, reflecting the simulation results achieved All information cited is subject to intellectual property regulations; The references are clearly listed I take full responsibility for the content written in this project Hanoi, August 2022 The guarantor Le Bao Ngoc TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS PROJECT SUMMARY 10 INTRODUCTION 11 OVERVIEW OF STATIC ROUTE, DYNAMIC ROUTE 11 2.1 Introduce 11 2.2 Static routing protocol overview 12 2.2.1 Static routing operation 12 2.2.2 Noticeable parameters of configuration 13 2.3 Dynamic Routing Protocol Overview 13 THEORY 13 3.1 Autonomous System ( AS ) 13 3.2 RIP 15 3.2.1 Concept 15 3.2.2 How it works 15 3.3 OSPF 15 3.3.1 Concept 15 3.3.2 How it works 15 3.4 BGP 16 3.4.1 Concept 16 3.4.2 How it works 16 3.4.3 Order of precedence in BGP 16 3.5 Multilayer network system 17 3.5.1 Network Tier 17 3.5.2 Network Tier 18 3.6 Compare routing protocols OSPF, BGP, BGP 18 3.7 Advantages and disadvantages of routing protocols OSPF, BGP, BGP 19 3.8 Load Sharing 19 3.9 Configuration of RIP, OSPF, BGP 20 3.9.1 Configuration of RIP 20 3.9.2 Configuration of OSPF 24 3.9.3 Configuration of BGP 27 LAB MODELS OF RIP, OSPF, BGP 30 4.1 4.1.1 Process of RIP 30 4.1.2 Compare RIPv1 and RIPv2 31 4.2 OSPF’s lab model 32 4.2.1 Introduce 32 4.2.2 How OSPF works 33 4.2.3 OSPF packet types 34 4.3 RIP’s lab model 30 BGP’s lab model 35 4.3.1 Introduction to eBGP and iBGP 35 4.3.2 Data sheets of BGP 37 Emulate a Cisco router on GNS3 43 5.1 About GN3 43 5.2 NS3’s Configuration 43 5.3 Load IOS for router 44 5.4 Learn the basic router configurations (how to assign IPs to interfaces, check IP parameters) 44 INSTALLATION INSTALLATION 50 FIrst Network model 50 6.2 General settings (using the Linux OS commandline) 52 6.3 Deploying the top-of-the-line network model 53 6.3.1 IP Configuration 53 6.3.2 Config of OSPF routers 56 6.3.3 Operating the OSPF model on the top layer 58 6.4 Deploy the middle and lower layer network model 59 6.4.1 IP Configuration 59 6.4.2 Configuration RIP router 62 6.4.3 RIP operation on middle and lower layer network model 64 6.5 Deploy top layer network model 66 6.5.1 IP Configuration 66 6.5.2 Config for OSPF routers 68 6.5.3 Operating OSPF on top layer’s network model 71 6.6 Configure BGP for routers 73 6.6.1 IP Configuration 73 6.6.2 Operate BGP across the network model 74 SYSTEM OPERATION 77 7.1 Check connection by ping and tracepath 77 7.2 OSPF responsiveness test with AS 79 7.3 Check the responsiveness of RIP with AS 80 7.4 Steps to test the system by installing and connecting to DNS servers 81 SIMULATION ON C 82 8.1 Simulation RIP 82 8.2 Simulate OSPF _ 88 8.3 Simulation BGP _ 99 EXPANDED : AODV AND OSPF COMPARISON 117 9.1 About AODV 117 9.2 Evaluation of AODV and OSPF when operating in WiMAX 118 CONCLUSION 120 REFERENCES 121 LIST OF FIGURE Hình 1: Overview Of Routing Error! Bookmark not defined Hình 2: Overview Of Static Route 122 Hình 3: EGP and BGP between ASs 133 Hình 4: Internal route and external route 144 Hình 5: Network Don’t Use Split Horizon Poison Reverse 222 Hình 6: Count to infinity 233 Hình 7: OSPF Areas 266 Hình 8: OSPF Network with Headquarters (HQ)- area 277 Hình 9: Topology diagram of RIP concentrate on R1 and R2 311 Hình 10: RIPv2 Model 322 Hình 11: Large OSPF networks are decentralized and divided into many areas 333 Hình 12: One-zone OSPF model 355 Hình 13: Multi-zone OSPF model 355 Hình 13: iBGP Peering ‘s Model 366 Hình 14: eBGP Peering ‘s Model 377 Hình 15: BGP routing information reception and filtering 38 Hình 16: Example Of AS-path 39 Hình 17: Example Of Next-hop 401 Hình 18: Example Of Local Preference 411 Hình 19: Example Of MED 422 Hình 20: Example Of Weight 425 Hình 21: Router Config’s Mode 46 Hình 22: Static route’s lab model 49 Hình 23: Overview Of Network Model 500 Hình 24: Top layer‘s network model 510 Hình 25: The middle and lower layer network model (1) 511 Hình 26: The middle and lower layer network model (2) 521 Hình 27: Throughput vs speed of nodes 11817 Hình 28: NRL vs speed of nodes 11917 Hình 29: PDR vs speed of nodes 1198 LIST OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS Letter write Turn off Cluster are from write full enough OSPF Open Shortest Path First BGP Border Gateway Protocol RIP Routing Information Protocol SR Static Route DR Dynamic Route AS Autonomous System ASN Autonomous System Number IGP Internal Gateway Protocols EGP Exterior Gateway Protocols EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol DVA Distance Vector Algorithms IP Internet Protocol LSDB Link State Database IS -IS ToS LSA Intermediate System To Intermediate System Type of Service Link-State Advertisement IETF Internet Engineering Task Force ISP Internet Service Provider IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange ASBR WAN Autonomous System Boundary Router Wide Area Network AODV Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing MED Multi Exit Discriminator ABR Area Border Router NSSA Not -So-Stubby Area VLSM Varibale Length Subnet Masking DNS Domain Name System { struct bgp * bgp ; struct listnode *node, * nnode ; int *socket; struct interface * ifp ; extern struct zclient * zclient ; extern struct zclient * zlookup ; /* clan exit */ assert(status == 0); /* reverse bgp_master_init */ for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS (bm-> bgp , node, nnode , bgp )) bgp_delete ( bgp ); list_free (bm-> bgp ); /* reverse bgp_master_init */ for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS_ RO( bm-> listen_sockets , node, socket)) { if (close ((int)(long)socket) == -1) zlog_err ("close (%d): %s", (int)(long)socket, safe_strerror ( errno )); } list_delete (bm-> listen_sockets ); 107 /* reverse bgp_zebra_init / if_init */ if ( retain_mode ) if_add_hook (IF_DELETE_HOOK, NULL); for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS ( iflist , node, nnode , ifp )) { struct listnode * c_node , * c_nnode ; struct connected *c; for (ALL_LIST_ELEMENTS ( ifp ->connected, c_node , c_nnode , c)) bgp_connected_delete (c); if_delete ( ifp ); } list_free ( iflist ); /* reverse bgp_attr_init */ bgp_attr_finish (); /* reverse bgp_dump_init */ bgp_dump_finish (); /* reverse bgp_route_init */ bgp_route_finish (); 108 /* reverse bgp_route_map_init / route_map_init */ route_map_finish (); /* reverse bgp_scan_init */ bgp_scan_finish (); /* reverse access_list_init */ access_list_add_hook (NULL); access_list_delete_hook (NULL); access_list_reset (); /* reverse bgp_filter_init */ as_list_add_hook (NULL); as_list_delete_hook (NULL); bgp_filter_reset (); /* reverse prefix_list_init */ prefix_list_add_hook (NULL); prefix_list_delete_hook (NULL); prefix_list_reset (); /* reverse community_list_init */ community_list_terminate ( bgp_clist ); 109 cmd_terminate (); vty_terminate (); if ( zclient ) zclient_free ( zclient ); if ( zlookup ) zclient_free ( zlookup ); if ( bgp_nexthop_buf ) stream_free ( bgp_nexthop_buf ); /* reverse bgp_master_init */ if (master) thread_master_free (master); if ( zlog_default ) closezlog ( zlog_default ); if (CONF_BGP_DEBUG (normal, NORMAL)) log_memstats_stderr (" bgpd "); exit (status); } 110 - bgpd : int main (int argc , char ** argv ) { char *p; int opt; int daemon_mode = 0; int dryrun = 0; char * progname ; struct thread thread ; int tmp_port ; /* Set umask before anything for security */ umask (0027); /* Preserve name of myself */ progname = ((p = strrchr ( argv [ 0], '/')) ? ++ p : argv [0]); zlog_default = openzlog ( progname , ZLOG_BGP, LOG_CONS|LOG_NDELAY|LOG_PID, LOG_DAEMON); /* BGP master init */ bgp_master_init (); 111 /* Command line argument treatment */ while (1) { opt = getopt_long ( argc , argv , " df:i :hp:l:A:P:rnu:g:vCI ", longopts , 0); if (opt == EOF) break; switch (opt) { case 0: break; case 'd': daemon_mode = 1; break; case 'f': config_file = optarg ; break; case ' i ': pid_file = optarg ; break; case 'p': tmp_port = atoi ( optarg ); if ( tmp_port 0xffff) 112 bm->port = BGP_PORT_DEFAULT; else bm->port = tmp_port ; break; case 'A': vty_addr = optarg ; break; case 'P': /* Deal with atoi ( ) returning on failure, and bgpd not listening on bgp port */ if ( strcmp ( optarg , "0") == 0) { vty_port = 0; break; } vty_port = atoi ( optarg ); if ( vty_port 0xffff) vty_port = BGP_VTY_PORT; break; case 'r': retain_mode = 1; break; case 'l': bm->address = optarg ; 113 /* listenon implies -n */ case 'n': bgp_option_set (BGP_OPT_NO_FIB); break; case 'u': bgpd_privs.user = optarg ; break; case 'g': bgpd_ privs.group = optarg ; break; case 'v': print_version ( progname ); exit (0); break; case 'C': dryrun = 1; break; case 'I': bgp_option_set (BGP_OPT_IMPORT_CHECK); break; case 'h': usage ( progname , 0); break; default: 114 usage ( progname , 1); break; } } /* Make thread master */ master = bm->master; /* Initializations */ srand (time(NULL)); signal_init (master, Q_ SIGC( bgp_signals ), bgp_signals ); zprivs_init (& bgpd_privs ); cmd_init (1); vty_init (master); memory_init (); /* BGP related initialization */ bgp_init (); /* Sort CLI commands */ sort_node (); /* Parse config file */ vty_read_config ( config_file , config_default ); 115 /* Start execution only if not in dry-run mode */ if( dryrun ) return( 0); /* Turn into daemon if daemon_mode is set */ if ( daemon_mode && daemon(0, 0) < 0) { zlog_ err ( " BGPd daemon failed: %s", strerror ( errno )); return (1); } /* Process ID file creation */ pid_output ( pid_file ); /* Make bgp vty socket */ vty_serv_sock ( vty_addr , vty_port , BGP_VTYSH_PATH); /* Print banners */ zlog_notice (" BGPd %s starting: vty @%d, bgp @% s:% d", QUAGGA_VERSION, vty_port , (bm-> address ? bm->address : ""), bm->port); 116 /* Start finite state machine, here we go! */ while ( thread_fetch (master, &thread)) thread_call (&thread); /* Not reached */ return (0); } EXPANDED : AODV AND OSPF COMPARISON 9.1 About AODV -In AODV, reply route back on reverse path (intermediate record node, from which first replica was received), so intermediate nodes update table later, old entries timed out -AODV only supports symmetric links If a source node moves, it must restart the route request If an intermediate node moves, all upstream nodes broadcast a failed link with their upstream neighbors until the source node is reached But this protocol has a drawback: Intermediate nodes can send more updates but remain state-routing - Example of AODV: +Node sends route request to 2,3,4 +Node sends route request to 5.7 117 +Node has 3-5-8-9-10 +Node has 4-6-8-9-10 + Node reponds 9.2 Evaluation of AODV and OSPF when operating in WiMAX WiMax is Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access - a long-range wireless networking technology standard for both mobile and fixed connections Although WiMAX was once considered a leading form of Internet communication as an alternative to cable and DSL, its adoption is still limited Node speed and throghput (throughput) of two different routing protocols with different node densities 10, 20… 60 The graph below shows the throughput for the two routing protocols for the WIMAX network and the effect of the rate variations for ADOV and OSPF From here, we see that OSPF works as well (217 kbps to 227 kbps) as 10 m/s compared to AODV OSPF performs well as well as speeds beyond m/s when compared to AODV But ADOV also has average performance increase in node mobility with increasing routing load since AODV uses MANET for a mobile network and OSPF stops for multilayer networks In addition OSPF operates unchanged beyond 20 m/s and AODV exceeds 20 m/s and before 40 m/s starts to decrease due to network congestion Throughput vs speed of nodes Hình 99: Throughput vs speed of nodes Hình 100: Tốc độ nút so với thông lượng với hai định tuyến AODV OSPF giao thức định tuyến 118 NRL vs speed of nodes Hình 101: NRL vs speed of nodes PDR vs speed of nodes Hình 102: PDR vs speed of nodes 119 CONCLUSION In this report, I presented the most basic problems of multilayer network along with OSLR, BGP, RIP routing From deploying multilayer network on GN3, the results have been successfully deployed and the test operation is also high This design is applicable to real-world networks, but has not yet created great commercial value because the model is not optimal and small, although it was a period of time that I learned much about multi-layer networking as well as working and operating systems on Linux as well as Windows Server It was also a time for me to improve my skills in using C language and my ability to work on Linux Despite achieving the set goal, but due to time constraints, the project has not yet fully developed the features of a multi-layer network, specifically, just deployed basic information such as sending mail , user information, images are simple, but perfecting and optimizing the system takes time In the future, if I have the opportunity, I will continue to research and develop various types of network systems and study more deeply about network routing and computer network structure 120 REFERENCES [1] S T Kent, “Securing the Border Gateway Protocol: A Status Update,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), tâ ̣p 2828, pp 40-53, 2003 [2] T T H Nhung, “VnPro,” 2017 https://vnpro.vn/thu-vien/cau-hinh-dinhtuyen-dong-ospf-2351.html [3] P H Hoàng, Thiết kế mạng Intranet, NXB Bách Khoa Hà Nội, 2017 [4] P T Thái, “Viblo,” 2016 https://viblo.asia/p/tim-hieu-giao-thuc-ripDbmemoWPvAg [5] A Baba Ali, Mujahid Tabassum, Kuruvilla Mathew, March 2016, “A Comparative Study of IGP and EGP Routing Protocols, Performance Evaluation along Load Balancing and Redundancy across Different AS,” International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists , Vol II, IMECS 2016, Hong Kong [6] Chapter 11: Configuring Static Routes of the Basic Management and Configuration Guide 121 ... Backbone(Area 0): Network' s backbone, orOSPF area 0, linking all stub areas As Areas discussed above, it includes ABRs Through exchanges with other ABRs in the backbone, all ABRs keep a topological database... build a database of link state in an area All routers in the same OSPF zone will have this same database Therefore, all routers will have the same information about the state of the links and the... from the LSA to assemble the AS's topology (or, if configured, region) database This database includes: - Routers belong to separate AS or area Networks belonging to a separate AS or area Connections