Hạnh phúc của người phụ nữ thái nhìn từ dân ca trữ tình sinh hoạt

HANH PHUC CUA NGUdl PHU Ntf THAI: NHIN Ttf DAN CA T R f TINH SINH HOAT HAXUANHU'dNG^'* Tom tat: Qua viec tie'p can dan ca trd tinh sinh hoat cua ngiidi Thai, bai viit de cap den vin dS than phan va hanh phiic cda ngUdi phu nd Thai Td dd, thay diidc hanh phiic cua ngiidi phu na Thai thi hiin tren hai phiidng dien chinh la: Hanh phiic td sii hai hda cac mdi quan hi tinh yeu vk gia dinh; hanh phuc td viec tii khang dinh ban than va tim kiim hanh phdc ca nhan cua ngiidi phu nvt Niu nhu sii the hien cua phiidng dien thd nhat la phd hdp vdi van hoa sa hpi Thai xiia theo chidd nam quyen thi dat sii the hiin cua phiidng diin thd hai boi canh van hda se thay diidc diem tien bp cua tac gia dan gian viic viit vi ngiidi phu nS Thai Diem tien bp i'y la da nhinra va trao cho ngiidi phu nd sii chu dpng viic khang dinh ban than vk kiim tim hanh phiic Tdkhoa: Hanh phuc; phu nQ; dan ca trd tinh sinh boat; ngiidi Thai Abstract: Through an analysis of romantic folk songs about daily life of Thai people, the paper discussed Thai women's perception of fate and happiness Happiness of Thai women means a harmonious relationship with their family and loved ones and the ability to search for personal happiness and self-affirmation If the former fits traditional patrilineal Thai culture, the latter shows the revolutionary view of folk culture on happiness of Thai women Thai women were encouraged to actively define themselves and search for their own happiness Keywords: Happiness; women; romantic folk songs about daily life; Thai women Ngaynhan bar 15/8/2019; Ngay sda bar 20/9/2019; Ngay duyet dang bai 27/12/2019 Dat v a n d l hen quan chit Iflpng eudc sd'ng, tfle la eac Hanh phuc dUde coi la muc dich eao kMa canh vat chat, mdi trfldng song Tarn nhit, gia tri nhan sinh quan trpng bac li tich ctfc, hay ndi each khac la mfle nhat ddi sd'ng cua mdi ngUdi hanh phuc dfldc kham pha thdng qua sii Nghien eflu hanh phuc eiia ngfldi cam nhan ciia ngfldi phu nfl ve hanb phuc Tit nhien, bdi hanh phflc cua ngUdi phu mdi cpng dong ed y nghia thid't tbflc dd'i vdi viec danh gid sfl phat tridn eua edng ddng nfl dd Dan ca vd'n la mot the loai trfl tinh dan DCTTSH Thai, khdng phai tfl thflc te Uch Thai dfldc nhin nhan tfl gdc gian, bdc Id the' gidi tam tfl, tinh cam phong s^, xa hdi, nen nhiing ket Man dfla pbu cua ngfldi Do dd, kM tim hieu vl khong nha't tbid't trflng khdp vdi sfl thflc hanh phuc cua ngfldi phu nfl dan ca ddi sd'ng Bdi cd dac diem dd nen trfl tinh sinh boat (DCTTSH) Thai, chung van hoc ndi chung, DCTTSH Thai tdi quan tam den khia canh tam li, tinh ndi ridng, chung ta phai lflu y dd'n eac khai than tich cflc cua ngfldi phu nfl hdn Id nhflng cH bao vl xa hgi va sfle khde ma cd Ea NHAN LUE KHOA HOC XA HOI '*' TS., Giang vien Tnjctng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Thai Nguygn sci 4-2020 HA XUAN HUONG niem ngfldi thieng va ngfldi pham Con ngfldi pham la ngfldi dfldc phan anh dung vdi cuoc song thfle td' Cuoc ddi eua hp vui buon, dau kho hay sung sfldng deu la kd't qua cua sfl tae dpng phflc hpp eua che' dp kinh te', xa hpi, van hda, Ijeh sii Con ngfldi tMeng la eon ngfldi pbi Mdn thflc, la ndi trao gtfi nhflng fldc md, khat vpng ma ngfldi khd cd dflpc eudc ddi thtfc tai Vi the, ngfldi thidng la ngfldi cua li tfldng, chi cd nhflng dieu tdt dep van hge bao chfla ca bai khia canh thidng, phara Hieu nhfl vay, chung ta mdi ed the li giai dflpc sfl the hidn cua hanh phue cua ngfldi pbu nfl Thai DCTTSH dat hanh phue eua ban than quan he vdi hanh phuc tinh yeu va hanb phue gia dinb Tfldng ttf nhfl the, sfl hai hda, gin kd't tinh ydu va gia dinh ed y ngMa quan trpng ddi vdi hanh phuc cua ngfldi phu nfl Thai Xa bdi Thai ed truyin dfldc td chflc theo chi nara quyen Ngfldi Thai ed nhflng he gia tri va chuan mflc kba dn djnh va ben vflng xung quanh eae mdi quan hd gifla ngfldi vdi ngfldi Doi vdi quan he yeu dflpng, ngfldi Thai cbo phep Ifla ddi tfl tira bieu, ydu dfldng nhflng vide hdn nhan phai be tren quye't dinb Hp cam ki tuydt dd'i mpi bieu hien ndi hdn ddng hp Hdn nhan phai dfldc cha me cho phep, Va, dfl sfl thd hidn eua hanh phuc cua phai cflng dang cip va hpp sd' raenb phu nfl dan ca dflpe li giai theo Ngfldi ddn dng nim gifl mpi quyen hanh hfldng thieng hay pbam thi nd diu cd y gia dinb va xa hgi Trong gia dinb ngbia nhat dinh dd'i vdi vide tira bidu bd'i tbi thuan hda, yeu thfldng, gan bd nhflng eanh van hda, xa hpi - tiln de eho sfl ngfldi chdng, ngfldi eha - vdi tfl each gia ddi va tdn tai cua DCTTSH Thai ma qua trfldng - cd quyen uy tuydt ddi td do, he Id phin nao trinh phat trien cua chflc san xuit cua gia dinh va diiu hda cac tgc ngfldi radi quan he trong, ngoai gia dinh O ddng Cac binh dien hanh phuc cua hg, dd la che' nara tdn nfl ti, tren dfldi ngfldfi phu nflf Thai dfltfc the hien thfl bac rd rang Tit ea nhflng dieu cd anb hfldng ldn tdi hanh phue va sfl cam dan ca trvt tinh sinh hoat 2.L Hanh phuc tit sy( hai hoa cac nhan ve hanb phue eua ngfldi pbu nfl 2.1.1 Ngddi phu nd hanh phiic moi quan hS tinh yeu va gia dinh Vl ed ban, van hda Thai van hanh cung tinh yiu Nd'u nhfl so vdi vide thoa man dfldc cac quy dao vdi van hda phfldng Ddng ndi chung, van hda Viet Nam ndi rieng Ngfldi dieu kien khac nhfl vat chat, mdi trfldng phfldng Ddng coi trgng mdi quan he hda sd'ng tbi banh phuc tinb ydu dem lai hdp gifla mpi ngfldi Sfl kit nd'i, phu thupe cd y nghTa ldn hdn r i t nbilu ddi vdi cua ban than va nhflng ngfldi xung quanh ngfldi ma vi nd, ngfldi ta cd the vfldt qua rit dfldc coi trpng va dfldc cu the hda tren nbilu trd ngai, khd khan ve raat vat chat cae khia canh sfl cam thdng, tfldng tac, bd Dieu dd cang quan trpng ddi vdi ngfldi phu trp, ydu thfldng Trong bdi eanh van nfl xa hdi cd truyen Thdi theo ehi dp hda ay, ngfldi phu nfl phfldng Dong thfldng nam quyen - nhiing ngfldi ma than phan NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI ^ HANH PHUC CUA NGUQl PHU N U THAI bi phu thudc, khdng dflpc trao quyen Ifla chgn ddi tfldng kd't hdn Trong DCTTSH Thai, ngfldi phu nfl hanh phuc tinh yeu dflde nhae de'n 74 lan/286 bai, nbilu hdn sd vdi kbi ndi ve ngfldi phu nfl dau khd vi tinh ydu (45 lin/286 bai) SI Ifldng cae lin nhic tdi cd gai dau khd it hdn la nhic dd'n cd gii hanb phfle tinh yeu cd thd li giai tfl dae diem tam hdn ngfldi Thai Hp la nhflng ngfldi rat trpng ddi sd'ng tinb cam Nhflng tam hdn thie't tha yeu thfldng cua nfli rflng Tay Bic sang tae dan ea da ludn mud'n cd't len nhflng ldi ca ve hanh phuc hpn la khd dau, oan Dan ea trfl tinh sinh boat Thai ndi nhieu ve Ifla ddi yeu nbau tfl thud cdn nhd, tfl bu chung sfla me, tfl gidng mia bo chia ddi, tfl nghjeb d i t gifla mfldng Trong tara thflc hg, day la tinb yeu dep nhat, li tfldng nhit, thfldng dfldc vi vdi hinh anh ddi vit non lgi ao beo, vit gia ldi ao reu Nhflng cude tinh tfl nhd, rdi nhflng dera tinb hd hen ndi ban khudng, nhflng tid'ng hat vfldn cao, tie'ng pi pap dap diu da trd hanh phue giau kin coi long eiia bie't bao cd gai Tinb ydu hanh phfle nha't la tinh yeu dfldc dap flng tfl ea hai phia Tinb ydu cd the cd budn philn, gian hdn nhflng van dem lai cho cd gai hanb phuc bdi banh phuc la sfl tieh bdp cua ca nhflng niem vui va ndi budn rapt qua trinh Vi ydu va dupe yeu, CO gai da khdng ngai ngin bay td ndi nhd nhung din chay bdng va cd phan tao bao: Ngn khang nogng nhinh eg nhang phan khip/ Phan day cot chu then kinh ngn ddi Ea NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI xoon^^^ (Ddm nim ngu em vin md minh hat/ Md dfldc dm anb ngii ehung chan)*^\ Ngfldi phu nfl hanh phuc vi tinh yeu dfldc dupe mieu ta DCTTSH Thai la ngUdi phu nfl dflpe chang trai tran trpng va ydu thfldng bang tinh ydu dam say cua tudi tre Bdi the, chang trai da danh eho ed gai khdng it ldi khen ngdi cd eanh, flde ao cd dflpc cd: Oi panh can di nogng panh nhang chang pak tin sgt sdi pan nam lay hat nim xoong da nogng la aJ Oi panh can a xa lai thien pi day khot pak nogng panh ma xad horn cudng quoa da nogng li a '^' (Em kheo ndi, tfla nfldc trdi chay qua ghenh thac/ U'dc gi anh dem dfldc ldi ndi cua em thfldng ve cat d bdm, tu)'*' Dang ndi, ldi khen ngdi eua chang trai thfldng gin vdi gipng hat cua cd gii Dieu xuit phat tfl ddi sd'ng van hda eua dan tdc Trai gai Thai xfla quen nbau thfldng qua nhflng budi khap bao xao ndi san tinh, ndi diu ban bay hien nha Dan ca da trd mdn an tinh thin khdng thd thieu viec giao duyen cua ddng bao Gigng hat va tai hat eua ddi phfldng la an tfldng ban diu, cung la thU men say ddi vdi tinh yeu Cho ndn, dd hidu la cd nbilu bai ca khen ngdi cd gai kheo hat, ndi nhd dpng '" Ha Manh Phong, D6 Thi Tac (siJu t i m , bien dich, 2012), DSn ca Thai Lai Chdu, Quyen - Tha va dan ca tinh yeu cua ngudi Thai Mudng So, Nxb Van h6a dan tpc, Hoi Van hoc n g h | t h u a t tinh Lai Chau, Ha Noi, tr.342 *^> Ha Manh Phong, D Thi Tac (2012), Sdd, tr.558 ''' De Thi Tac (sau tam va dich, 2012), Dan ca Thai Lai Chau, Quyen - Chieng xoong mo bdk (Mta xuan mua hoa), Nxh, Van hoa dan toe Ha Noi, tr 225