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analytical theory of monotone commodity state development with inflexion

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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 55 (2012) 445 – 450 ,17(±3UDJXH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ1HZ+RUL]RQVLQ(GXFDWLRQ 3UDJXH&]HFK5HSXEOLF±-XQH $QDO\WLFDO7KHRU\RI0RQRWRQH&RPPRGLW\6WDWH 'HYHORSPHQWZLWK,QIOH[LRQ 7RPiã5=HLWKDPHU  University of Economics, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Mathematics, Ekonomická 957, 148 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic  Abstract $PHWKRGRIPRGHOOLQJFRPPRGLW\GHSUHFLDWLRQEDVHGRQWKHPHWKRGRORJ\RIWKHRUHWLFDOSK\VLFVLVXVHGWRGHULYH DGHWHUPLQLVWLFOLQHDUPRWLRQHTXDWLRQRIWKHVHFRQGRUGHUWRGHVFULEHWKHGHJUHVVLYHDQGSURJUHVVLYHGHYHORSPHQWRI WKH LQVWDQWDQHRXV UHODWLYH GHSUHFLDWLRQ DQG SULFH RI D FRPPRGLW\ RYHU WLPH LQ D PRGHO RIPDUNHW VWUXFWXUH ZLWK SHUIHFW FRPSHWLWLRQ 7KH VDPH DSSURDFK LV XVHG WR GHULYH D QRQOLQHDU PRWLRQ HTXDWLRQ RI WKH VHFRQG RUGHU IRU LQVWDQWDQHRXVUHODWLYHGHSUHFLDWLRQZLWKGHJUHVVLYHSURJUHVVLYHGHYHORSPHQWRYHUWLPH  ‹3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI7KH$VVRFLDWLRQRI © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of The Association of Science, Education and Technology 6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQDQG7HFKQRORJ\ Keywords:'HSUHFLDWLRQGLIIHUHQWLDOHTXDWLRQHFRQRSK\VLFVHTXDWLRQRIPRWLRQSHUIHFWFRPSHWLWLRQ  &RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ E-mail address]HLWK#YVHF] 1877-0428 © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of The Association of Science, Education and Technology doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.523 446 Tomáš R Zeithamer / Procedia - 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Social and Behavioral Sciences 55 (2012) 445 – 450 References 'UR]HQ)  0RGHOOLQJRISULFHG\QDPLFVDQGDSSUHFLDWLRQEkonomický časopis Journal of Economics 9RO 1R SS,661  *RRGZLQ11HOVRQ-$$FNHUPDQ) :HLVVNRSI7  Microeconomics in contextQGHG $UPRQN1HZ

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