468 Semantic Memory and Priming relatively little attention from experimental psychologists (but see A S Meyer, Sleiderink, & Levelt, 1998; Tannenhaus, Spivey-Knowlton, Eberhard, & Sedivy, 1995; Zelinsky & Murphy, 2000) Semantic priming continues to be actively investigated more than 30 years after its discovery by D E Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971) In our opinion, the most important new finding in the past decade is semantic priming over very long lags (e.g., S Becker et al., 1997; Joordens & Becker, 1997) There are reasons to question the reliability of long-term semantic priming, but if these doubts can be put to rest with independent replications, long-term semantic priming will effectively rule out all existing models of semantic priming with the exception of distributed network learning models Several other topics are in need of additional empirical or theoretical work, including (a) the variables that control semantic matching, (b) semantic priming for different types of semantic relations, (c) backward priming, and (d) augmenting models of priming with attentional processes that would allow the models to account for prime-task and global context effects The evolution of the concept of implicit memory has been one of the most important developments in the cognitive sciences in the past 20 years Research on implicit memory in general, and repetition priming in particular, continues unabated We believe that the most important goal for future research is to understand the mechanisms underlying repetition priming Past research on implicit memory has been dominated by empirical issues or broad theoretical themes rather than by attempts to understand the mental representations and processes involved in repetition priming A huge literature has now been amassed on various kinds of priming effects; now researchers need to attempt to divine the mechanisms responsible for these effects An essential component of this endeavor will be the development of models of the sensory, perceptual, and cognitive processes responsible for repetition priming In our opinion, the recent development of such models (e.g., Ratcliff & McKoon, 1997) represents a major step forward and is an extremely important direction for future research on implicit memory Balota, D A., & Lorch, R F (1986) Depth of automatic spreading activation: Mediated priming effects in pronunciation but not in lexical decision Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 336–345 Becker, C A (1980) Semantic context effects in visual word recognition: An analysis of semantic strategies Memory & Cognition, 8, 493–512 Becker, S., Moscovitch, M., Behrmann, M., & Joordens, S (1997) Long–term semantic priming: A computational account and empirical evidence Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1059–1082 Besner, D., & Stolz, J A (1999) What kind of attention modulates the Stroop effect? 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