This page intentionally left blank Preface Pharmacology has undergone major intellectual changes in the recent years and has become increasingly important to all medical, dental and other health professionals The graduate students of dentistry may have to handle medical emergency during various dental procedures on the dental chair Besides this, dentists have to look into various drug associated interactions The broad goal of teaching pharmacology to undergraduate students is to inculcate rational and scientific basis of therapeutics keeping in view the dental curriculum and profession A sincere attempt has been made to present a complete text for undergraduate students of dentistry as per the new syllabus requirement (Dental Council of India, BDS course regulation, 2006) The book is divided into thirteen sections, initial sections cover the general and autonomic pharmacology, followed by other sections of drug acting on different body systems A detailed section is devoted only to dental pharmacology which covers all agents used in pharmacotherapy of dental conditions The last section covers vaccine, sera and other immunological agents and drugs used in skin disorders The chapters have been arranged in such a way that knowledge gained from initial chapters will be helpful to students for understanding subsequent chapters The appendix contains the list of newly approved and banned drugs in India The classification adopted in the books provides pharmacological distinction among latest drugs with doses and routes of administration along with leading trade name(s) available in Indian market, but it should not be construed as the recommendation of those particular brands (viii) Thanks are due to New Age International (P) Ltd., N Delhi for their keen interest and attention in bringing out this book in its present form Further, I am indebted to all my friends and well wishers for their support and encouragement I would like to express my gratitude and indebtedness to all my family members for their sacrifice, affection and inspiration throughout the present work New Delhi Surender Singh (ix) Contents Preface (vii) SECTION General Principles of Pharmacology 1.1 Sources and Nature of Drug Dosage Form 1.2 Prescription Writing 15 1.3 Rational Use of Drugs & Drug Laws 19 1.4 Pharmacokinetics (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of Drugs) 25 1.5 Pharmacodynamics (Mode of Action of Drugs) 39 1.6 Adverse Drug Reactions 47 1.7 Drug Interactions 51 SECTION Drugs Acting on CNS 2.1 General Anaesthetics 2.2 Sedative & Hypnotics 61 69 2.3 Narcotic Analgesics (Opioids) 2.4 Non-Narcotic Analgesics (NSAID’s) 75 83 ... 1.7 Drug Interactions 51 SECTION Drugs Acting on CNS 2. 1 General Anaesthetics 2. 2 Sedative & Hypnotics 61 69 2. 3 Narcotic Analgesics (Opioids) 2. 4 Non-Narcotic Analgesics (NSAID’s) 75 83 ... International (P) Ltd., N Delhi for their keen interest and attention in bringing out this book in its present form Further, I am indebted to all my friends and well wishers for their support and encouragement... Nature of Drug Dosage Form 1 .2 Prescription Writing 15 1.3 Rational Use of Drugs & Drug Laws 19 1.4 Pharmacokinetics (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of Drugs) 25 1.5 Pharmacodynamics