24Jones Leadership(F)-ch 24 408 1/14/07 3:56 PM Page 408 Skills for a Successful Career vices to insurance companies or health-care management agencies “With the aid of videoconferencing, fax, and e-mail transmission, practitioners can participate in operations, review laboratory data, and even perform a virtual physical exam Telehealth is a major factor [that is] forcing state and federal regulatory bodies to reexamine their antiquated regulatory systems” (Shaffer & Sheets, 2001, p 40) The nurse considering multistate consulting or giving advice via health-care information hotlines that cross state lines or country borders must consider the necessity and impact of multistate licensure Nurses have succeeded in their own businesses as business and health-care writers; educational consultants to hospitals, universities, and corporations; legal nurse consultants; health care and nursing Web design; state board examination tutoring; and home care nursing Bensing (2005) illustrated a story about Richard C Thompson in “How I Became a Nurse Entrepreneur” (pp 36–37) Thompson started an agency that supplied nurses to hospitals and extended care facilities and guaranteed that shifts would be covered; if necessary, he replaced the ill nurse scheduled at the facility himself This made his agency very attractive to hospitals He also paid more money to his nurses than his competitors did, which made his agency very popular with his employees There are many other opportunities for nurse entrepreneurs Many nurses have begun agency staffing services for hospitals and home health Other nurses have acted as their own brokers of services to hospitals and traveling nurse agencies A nurse who found publishers unwilling to print submissions from nurses started her own publishing company (Lowder, 1997; cited in Bensing, 2005) Another nurse organized educational cruises Still another became a financial consultant specializing in the nursing market Some became cost-containment experts, able to market their services to facilities and families Many nurse practitioners have set up independent practices in rehabilitation services and in as many areas as there are specialties In the last 10 years, as the “sandwich generation” has had to deal simultaneously with raising children and arranging for services for aging parents, nurse-run businesses have sprung up in the popular retirement states These businesses arrange for extended care or nursing home placement of aging parents of children living at opposite ends of the country They also make sure to provide followup care and regular updates if the adult children are unable to visit frequently Nurses have also invented and patented useful products Downey and Freidin (1997) invented communication vehicles for ventilator patients Dr Laura Gasparis Vonfrolio is a well-known nurse entrepreneur who began her first business with corporate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and professional education and eventually owned many businesses Dr Leslie Nicoll is an RN who has written “The Nurses’ Guide to the Internet” and is editor-in-chief of CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing and the Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing She is also “the principal and owner of Maine Desk, an entrepreneurial venture that helps nurses become published” (Bensing, 2005, p 12) All Good Things The future of nursing is largely unexplored; the required expertise and what the new roles will be are vastly different from how we envision nursing and its practice today It will be increasingly important for nurses to develop and articulate their expertise in a growing global health-care environment To develop this expertise, nurses will first need to be firmly grounded with their core values; second, they will need to be vigilant in scouting the dynamic environment; and third, they will need to merge their core values with environmental needs to bring together an expertise, a marketing niche Developing new models of care will require nurses to craft themselves creatively and then take action to sell their product Taking it to action will require nurses to articulate their nursing expertise in terms of unique care models and as “value of their product” and to speak a common language to market, to partner with other sellers, and to trade with buyers In an ever-expanding trading market, nurses will interface with a variety of people, locally, nationally, and internationally Thus, one no longer can view nursing in isolation or within one setting; the impact of one’s action is now felt worldwide Therefore, any action taken must be within nurs- 24Jones Leadership(F)-ch 24 1/14/07 3:56 PM Page 409 Career Development ing’s social consciousness, considering the unintended consequences The focus on the process of nursing care rather than the outcome of nursing care has buried nurses’ contribution in bringing successful patient outcomes The current importance we place on evidence-based practice promises to link the nursing delivery process to its successful client outcomes In turn this “product-line designing” advances nurses toward developing standards of practice and moves nursing toward greater competency Nurses will need to learn a new way to measure their successes; no longer will professional satisfaction be gained through traditional hierarchical advancement The vertical structure that supports promotion of one administrative step at a time no longer fits the expert nursing model of care Such a bureaucratic decision-making structure does not allow for that quick decision making required in the fast-paced, dynamic environment in which we live Decision making will need to be streamlined to bring authority to those care experts who are at the point of care Recently, nurses have begun to advance laterally within organizations as care experts and care managers and even through advanced practice into expanded roles as nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists The future of nursing and the work of providing care will be greatly altered and open doors to many new opportunities Matched to keep pace with tomorrow’s environment, the opportunities for practice will open from local to global Organizations will coalesce to gather teams of experts, to accomplish specific goals and deliver results quickly If nursing is to gain membership within this team of experts, it will need to articulate clearly its expertise to others on the health-care team In addition to clinical knowledge, nurses offer expertise in top-notch team building, technological savvy, and the ability to foster many different types of relationships This new consultative way of working offers nurses great entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial opportunities within an unstable environment The phases in career development offer nurses ways to develop a clearer vision of their expertise as they develop expert practice models that fit a unique marketing niche Expert models of care will provide nurses greater autonomy, respect, and career satisfaction 409 Let’s Talk What is unique about the mentor role? How is the mentor role different from the teaching role? Define entrepreneur and intrapreneur What are the key differences between the two professionals? List four personal qualities that help the nurse entrepreneur to succeed Discuss the process of networking Who might be important people or organizations that might be included in a nurse’s network? Compare and contrast the various advanced practice roles and discuss how they could become intrapreneurs and entrepreneurs Relate critical thinking, decision making, and creativity to the process of career management The nurse intrapreneur or entrepreneur needs to look at situations objectively and insightfully to come to one or more conclusions This information needs to be infused with creativity and incorporate the potential for innovation into the eventual decision Several scenarios need to be hypothesized, and the selection process should include a risk/benefit analysis Describe the process of completing a SWOT analysis List the phases of career development 10 Name five economic, sociopolitical, and technological forces that face the health career industry and will influence nursing career choices 11 What are the global forces that influence health care and nursing practice choices? NCLEX Questions A nurse entrepreneur attends a national nursing convention and hears from a colleague that her hospital is in need of educational consulting 24Jones Leadership(F)-ch 24 410 1/14/07 3:56 PM Page 410 Skills for a Successful Career services that the entrepreneur can provide This information was obtained by utilizing the process of: A Mentoring B Assimilation C Marketing D Networking The term “marketing” is best defined as: A The process or technique of promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service B Counseling related to products and services C Using advanced practice knowledge to determine patient care needs D Health-care budgeting A beginning nurse entrepreneur lists the phases of career development One phase that is not in accord with most theories is: A Integrating the self with the environment B Opportunity-seeking and risk-taking C Leaving nursing to pursue the dry-cleaning business D Building a strategic plan D A calling, vocation, or employment requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation “Innovator” is a word that: A Applies only to a nurse intrapreneur B Applies only to a nurse entrepreneur C Could apply to both a nurse intrapreneur and entrepreneur D Is not a requirement for either the intrapreneur or entrepreneur role The best definition of “networking” as it is used by a nurse entrepreneur is: A A group of networks B Using people for fiscal gain C Meeting people for the purpose of establishing links or contacts D A group that functions as a unit The term “mentor” is best defined as: A B C D Role model or counselor A mental process of analyzing or evaluating Selecting a course of action Promoting or selling A quality that may only pertain to the role of 10 A nurse entrepreneur sends pamphlets outlin- nurse entrepreneur is: A Working within an established organization B Establishing an organizational niche C Being financially responsible for supporting a business D Utilizing the employer’s equipment and expertise ing products and services to the managers of cost centers at all of the area hospitals This is an example of: A Networking B Mentoring C Educating D Marketing A new nurse intrapreneur consults with a nurse from another facility who occupies a role to which the intrapreneur aspires The second nurse agrees to coach and evaluate her progress in moving into the new role The second nurse is acting as a (an): A Mentor B Marketer C Teacher D Orientee The term “niche” is often associated with the position of a nurse intrapreneur The best description of this word is: A A place, employment status, or activity for which a person or thing is best fitted B A mentoring role C A way to market a product REFERENCES American Nurses Association (1999) ANA to focus on core issues American Nurse, Nov/Dec, 17–19 American Nurses Association (2005) Code of Ethics Retrieved March 12, 2005, http://www.nursingworld.org/ancc/ magnet.html American Nurses Association (1975) Standards for nursing education Kansas City, MO: Author American Nurses Association (1991) Standards of clinical nursing practice Kansas City, MO: Author American Nurses Credentialing Center (2005) NCC magnet recognition program recognizing excellence in nursing services; 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