Index Whiskey See distilled spirits White mustard essential oil, 323–324 White spot of beef, 30, 79 Wholesome Meat Act, Willopsis spp., 33 Wines, 3, 33, 184–185 flowers condition, 184 palm, 186–187 Winslow, I., Wisconsin process (bacon), 309 Wolinella spp., 749 W carva See Campylobacter curvus W recta See Campylobacter rectus World Health Organization, irradiation approval, 385 X Xanthans, 132 Xanthobacter spp., 16, 749 Xanthomonadins, 132 Xanthomonas spp., 16, 750 X axonopodis, 130–131 X campestris, 130 X campestris pv oryzae, 130 X oryzae pv oxyzicola, 130 Microarray analysis, 269 olive spoilage, 181 Xeromyces spp., 17, 31 X bisporus, 31, 445 aw growth minimum, 31 aleuriospores, 445 Xerophiles, defined, 30 aw growth minimum, 46 X-rays, defined, 373, 376 Xtra Bind system, 259 Xylella spp., 16, 750 X fastidiosa, 130 Xylinophilus spp., 16 Xylophilus spp., 750 Y Yarrowia spp., 17, 34, 102 Y lipolytica, 34 Yeasts, 31–34 aw growth range, 42 deli products, 199–200 Eh requirements, 50 meats, 66 pH, 40 seafoods, 110 789 Yersinia spp., 17, 19, 27, 102, 397, 525 Y aldovae, 667 Y bercovieri, 27, 665, 668 Y enterocolitica, 27, 73, 396, 535, 539, 665–668, 671 aw effects, 48 bioassay, 286, 288, 293–294, 667 biovars, 666–667 coliform relevance, 481 colony hybridization detection, 258 distribution, 666 D value (thermal), 665 enterotoxin See enterotoxins gastroenteritis See yersiniosis growth requirements, 665 HPP effects, 460–461 irradiation destruction, 381, 383 MAP meats, 361, 363 Meats 78, 88 Milk, 159, 667 mouse infectivity, 287 PCR detection, 243 pH growth range, 40, 43, 665 porcine isolations, 72–73 travellers’ diarrhea, 650 yogurt, 161–162 Yops, 535–537 Y frederiksenii, 73, 88, 159, 665–668 Y intermedia, 73, 88, 665–667 Y kristensenii, 73, 665–668 Y mollaretii, 27, 665 Y pestis, 27, 535, 664 Y pseudotuberculosis, 535 meats, 65, 72–73 Yersiniabactin, 538 Yersinosis, 8, 521, 664–668 prevention, 671–672 YG , defined, 155 Yogurt, 161, 165 fate of E coli 0157:H7 in, 165 lactose intolerance, 162–163 pH, 165 Y-1 adrenal cells, 293, 295 Yops, defined, 535–536 Y enterocolitica, 668 Z Zapatera spoilage, 181 Zero tolerance, defined, 611 Zearalenone, 29, 727 790 Modern Food Microbiology Zoomastigophorea, 679 Zoonosis, defined, 687–688 Z value, 426–428 Zygomycetes, 27 Zygomycota, 27 Zygosaccharomyces spp., 17, 31–32, 34 Z bailii, 34 effect of PEF, 466 effect of HHP, 457–458 mayonnaise spoilage, 202–203, 474 pH growth range, 43 sulfurous acid, 306 Z rouxii, 34, 187, 190, 321 aw growth minimum, 48–49, 445 dried foods, 445 Zygospores, 27 Zymobacter spp., 750 Z palmae, 185 Zymomonas spp., 16, 750 Z anaerobia, 183 Z mobilis, 155 YATP , 155 YG , 155 Zymophilus raffinosivorans, 183 Z paucivorans, 183 ...790 Modern Food Microbiology Zoomastigophorea, 679 Zoonosis, defined, 687–688 Z value, 426–428 Zygomycetes, 27 Zygomycota, 27 Zygosaccharomyces... growth range, 43 sulfurous acid, 306 Z rouxii, 34, 187, 190, 321 aw growth minimum, 48–49, 445 dried foods, 445 Zygospores, 27 Zymobacter spp., 750 Z palmae, 185 Zymomonas spp., 16, 750 Z anaerobia,