Foodborne Gastroenteritis Caused by Vibrio, Yersinia, and Campylobacter Species 673 12 Black, R.E., R.J Jackson, T Tsai, M Medvesky, M Shayegani, J.C Feeley, K.I.E MacLeod, and A.M Wakelee 1978 Epidemic Yersinia enterocolitica infection due to contaminated chocolate milk N Engl J Med 298:76– 79 13 Blake, P.A., R.E Weaver, and D.G Hollis 1980 Diseases of humans (other than cholera) caused by vibrios Ann Rev Microbiol 34:341–367 14 Blankenship, L.C., and S.E Craven 1982 Campylobacter jejuni survival in chicken meat as a function of temperature Appl Environ Microbiol 44:88–92 15 Blaser, M.J 1982 Campylobacter jejuni and food Food Technol 36(3):89–92 16 Blaser, M.J., P Checko, C Bopp, A Bruce, and J.M Hughes 1982 Campylobacter enteritis associated with foodborne transmission Am J Epidemiol 116:886–894 17 Brackett, R.E 1987 Effects of various acids on growth and survival of Yersinia enterocolitica J Food Protect 50:598–601 18 Bradshaw, J.G., D.B Shah, A.J Wehby, J.T Peeler, and R.M Twedt 1984 Thermal inactivation of the Kanagawa hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in buffer and shrimp J Food Sci 49:183–187 19 Brocklehurst, T.F., and B.M Lund 1990 The influence of pH, temperature and organic acids on the initiation of growth of Yersinia enterocolitica J Appl Bacteriol 69:390–397 20 Buchrieser, C., V.V Gangar, R.L Murphree, M.L Tamplin, and C.W Kasper 1995 Multiple Vibrio vulnificus strains in oysters as demonstrated by clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis Appl Environ Microbiol 61:1163– 1168 21 Calia, K.E., M Murtagh, M.J Ferraro, and S.B Calderwood 1994 Comparison of Vibrio cholerae 0139 with V cholerae 01 classical and El Tor biotypes Infect Immun 62:1504–1506 22 Carter, P.B., R.J Zahorchak, and R.R Brubaker 1980 Plague virulence antigens from Yersinia enterocolitica Infect Immun 28:638–640 23 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1999 Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection associated with eating raw oysters and clams harvested from Long Island Sound—Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York, 1998 Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 48:48–51 24 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1998 Incidence of foodborne illnesses—FoodNet, 1997 Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 47:782–786 25 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1998 Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with eating raw oysters—Pacific Northwest, 1997 Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 47:457–462 26 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1998 Outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis associated with crosscontamination of food—Oklahoma, 1996 Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 47:129–131 27 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1996 Vibrio vulnificus infections associated with eating raw oysters—Los Angeles, 1996 Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 45:621–624 28 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1995 Cholera associated with food transported from El Salvador—Indiana, 1994 Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 44:385–386 29 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1978 Waterborne Campylobacter gastroenteritis—Vermont Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 27:207 30 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1990 Yersinia enterocolitica infections during the holidays in black families— Georgia Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 39:819–821 31 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1989 Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae 01 infection acquired in Colorado Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 38:19–20 32 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1993 Isolation of Vibrio cholerae 01 from oysters—Mobile Bay, 1991–1992 Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 42:91–93 33 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1993 Vibrio vulnificus infections associated with raw oyster consumption— Florida, 1981–1992 Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 42:405–407 34 Chan, K.-Y., M.L Woo, L.Y Lam, and G.L French 1989 Vibrio parahaemolyticus and other halophilic vibrios associated with seafood in Hong Kong J Appl Bacteriol 66:57–64 35 Cherwonogrodzky, J.W., and A.G Clark 1981 Effect of pH on the production of the Kanagawa hemolysin by Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infect Immun 34:115–119 36 Corrales, M.T., A.E Bainotti, and A.C Simonetta 1994 Survival of Vibrio cholerae 01 in common food-stuffs during storage at different temperatures Lett Appl Microbiol 18:277–280 674 Modern Food Microbiology 37 DePaola, A., J Ulaszek, C.A Kaysner, B.J Tenge, J.L Nordstrom, J Wells, N Puhr, and S.M Gendel 2003 Molecular, serological, and virulence characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from environmental, food, and clinical sources in North America and Asia Appl Environ Microbiol 69:3999–4005 38 DePaola, A., M.W Presnell, R.E Becker, M.L Motes, Jr., S.R Zywno, J.F Musselman, J Taylor, and L Williams 1984 Distribution of Vibrio cholerae in the Apalachicola (Florida) Bay estuary J Food Protect 47:549–553 39 Doyle, M.P 1984 Association of Campylobacter jejuni with laying hens and eggs Appl Environ Microbiol 47:533–536 40 Doyle, M.P., and D.J Roman 1982 Prevalence and survival of Campylobacter jejuni in unpasteurized milk Appl Environ Microbiol 44:1154–1158 41 Faghri, M.A., C.L Pennington, L.B Cronholm, and R.M Atlas 1984 Bacteria associated with crabs from cold waters, with emphasis on the occurrence of potential human pathogens Appl Environ Microbiol 47:1054–1061 42 Francis, D.W., P.L Spaulding, and J Lovett 1980 Enterotoxin production and thermal resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica in milk Appl Environ Microbiol 40:174–176 43 Fredriksson-Ahomaa, M., T Korte, and H Korkeala 2000 Contamination of carcasses, offals, and the environment with yadA-positive Yersinia enterocolitica in a pig slaughterhouse J Food Protect 63:31–35 44 Fredriksson-Ahomaa, M., S Hielm, and H Korkeala 1999 High prevalence of yadA-positive Yersinia enterocolitica in pig tongues and minced meat at the retail level in Finland J Food Protect 62:123–127 45 Fujino, T., G Sakaguchi, R Sakazaki, and Y Takeda 1974 International Symposium on Vibrio parahaemolyticus Tokyo: Saikon 46 Funk, J.A., H.F Troutt, R.E Isaacson, and C.P Fossler 1998 Prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in groups of swine at slaughter J Food Protect 61:677–682 47 Gill, C.O., and L.M Harris 1984 Hamburgers and broiler chickens as potential sources of human Campylobacter enteritis J Food Protect 47:96–99 48 Guerry, P., and R.R Colwell 1977 Isolation of cryptic plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from Kanagawa-positive strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infect Immun 16:328–334 49 Gutman, L.T., E.A Ottesen, T.J Quan, P.S Noce, and S.L Katz 1973 An inter-familial outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica enteritis N Engl J Med 288:1372–1377 50 Hanna, M.O., J.C Stewart, Z.L Carpenter, and C Vanderzant 1977 Heat resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica in skim milk J Food Sci 42:1134, 1136 51 Hanna, M.O., J.C Stewart, D.L Zink, Z.L Carpenter, and C Vanderzant 1977 Development of Yersinia enterocolitica on raw and cooked beef and pork at different temperatures J Food Sci 42:1180–1184 52 Hanna, M.O., D.L Zink, Z.L Carpenter, and C Vanderzant 1976 Yersinia enterocolitica-like organisms from vacuumpackaged beef and lamb J Food Sci 41:1254–1256 53 Harmon, M.C., B Swaminathan, and J.C Forrest 1984 Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species from porcine samples obtained from an abattoir J Appl Bacteriol 56:421–427 54 Highsmith, A.K., J.C Feeley, and G.K Morris 1977 Yersinia enterocolitica: A review of the bacterium and recommended laboratory methodology Health Lab Sci 14:253–260 55 Hlady, W.G 1997 Vibrio infections associated with raw oyster consumption in Florida, 1981–1994 J Food Protect 60:353–357 56 Høi, L., J.L Larsen, I Dalsgaard, and A Dalsgaard 1998 Occurrence of Vibrio vulnificus biotypes in Danish marine environments Appl Environ Microbiol 64:7–13 57 Honda, T., K Goshima, Y Takeda, Y Sugino, and T Miwatani 1976 Demonstration of the cardiotoxicity of the thermostable direct hemolysin (lethal toxin) produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infect Immun 13:163–171 58 Hughes, J.M., D.G Hollis, E.J Gangarosa, and R.E Weaver 1978 Noncholera vibrio infections in the United States: Clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory features Ann Intern Med 88:602–606 59 Hunt, M.D., W.E Woodard, B.H Keswick, and H.L Dupont 1988 Seroepidemiology of cholera in Gulf coastal Texas Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1673–1677 60 Islam, M.S., M.K Hasan, M.A Miah, M Yunus, K Zaman, and M.J Albert 1994 Isolation of Vibrio cholerae 0139 synonym Bengal from the aquatic environment in Bangladesh: Implications for disease transmission Appl Environ Microbiol 60:1684–1686 61 Kaikoku, T., M Kawaguchi, K Takama, and S Suzuki 1990 Partial purification and characterization of the enterotoxin produced by Campylobacter jejuni Infect Immun 58:2414–2419 Foodborne Gastroenteritis Caused by Vibrio, Yersinia, and Campylobacter Species 675 62 Kaneko, T., and R.R Colwell 1973 Ecology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Chesapeake Bay J Bacteriol 113:24– 32 63 Kaper, J., H Lockman, R.R Colwell, and S.W Joseph 1979 Ecology, serology, and enterotoxin production of Vibrio cholerae in Chesapeake Bay Appl Environ Microbiol 37:91–103 64 Karaolis, D.K.R., R Lan, and P.R Reeves 1995 The sixth and seventh cholera pandemics are due to independent clones separately derived from environmental, nontoxigenic, non-01 Vibrio cholerae J Bacteriol 177:3191–3198 65 Karunsagar, I 1981 Production of hemolysin by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a chemically defined medium Appl Environ Microbiol 41:1274–1275 66 Karunsagar, I., S.W Joseph, R.M Twedt, H Hada, and R.R Colwell 1984 Enhancement of Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence by lysed erythrocyte factor and iron Infect Immun 46:141–144 67 Kasrazedeh, M., and C Genigeorgis 1987 Origin and prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in ducks and duck meat at the farm and processing plant level J Food Protect 50:321–326 68 Kelana, L.C., and M.W Griffiths 2003 Growth of autobioluminescent Campylobacter jejuni in response to various environmental conditions J Food Protect 66:1190–1197 69 Kelly, M.T., and E.M Dan Stroh 1989 Urease-positive, Kanagawa-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus from patients and the environment in the Pacific Northwest J Clin Microbiol 27:2820–2822 70 Kenyon, J.E., D.R Piexoto, B Austin, and D.C Gilles 1984 Seasonal variation in numbers of Vibrio cholerae (non-01) isolated from California coastal waters Appl Environ Microbiol 47:1243–1245 71 Ketley, J.M 1997 Pathogenesis of enteric infection by Campylobacter Microbiology 143:5–21 72 Klipstein, F.A., and R.F Engert 1984 Properties of crude Campylobacter jejuni heat-labile enterotoxin Infect Immun 45:314–319 73 Klipstein, F.A., and R.F Engert 1985 Immunological relationship of the B subunits of Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins Infect Immun 48:629–633 74 Kothary, M.H., and S.H Richardson 1987 Fluid accumulation in infant mice caused by Vibrio hollisae and its extracellular enterotoxin Infect Immun 55:626–630 75 Lee, L.A., J Taylor, G.P Carter, B Quinn, J.J Farmer, III, R.V Tauxe, and the Yersinia enterocolitica Collaborative Study Group 1991 Yersinia enterocolitica O:3: An emerging cause of pediatric gastroenteritis in the United States The Yersinia enterocolitica Collaborative Study Group J Infect Dis 163:660–663 76 Lee, W.-C., M.-J Lee, J -S Kim, and S.-Y Park 2001 Foodborne illness outbreaks in Korea and Japan studied retrospectively J Food Protect 64:899–902 77 Leistner, L., H Hechelmann, and R Albert 1975 Nachweis von Yersinia enterocolitica in Faeces and Fleisch von Schweinen, Hindern und Geflugel Fleischwirtschaft 55:1599–1602 78 Lindblom, G.-B., B Kaijser, and E Sjogren 1989 Enterotoxin production and serogroups of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from patients with diarrhea and from healthy laying hens J Clin Microbiol 27:1272–1276 79 Liston, J 1973 Vibrio parahaemolyticus In Microbial Safety of Fishery Products, ed C.O Chichester and H.D Graham, 203–213 New York: Academic Press 80 Manninen, K.I., J.F Prescott, and I.R Dohoo 1982 Pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from animals and humans Infect Immun 38:46–52 81 Martinez, R.J 1983 Plasmid-mediated and temperature-regulated surface properties of Yersinia enterocolitica Infect Immun 41:921–930 82 Matt´e, G.R., M.H Matt´e, I.G Rivera, and M.T Martins 1994 Distribution of potentially pathogenic vibrios in oysters from a tropical region J Food Protect 57:870–873 83 McCardell, B.A., J.M Madden, and E.C Lee 1984 Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli production of a cytotonic toxin immunologically similar to cholera toxin J Food Protect 47:943–949 84 Miliotis, M.D., B.D Tall, and R.T Gray 1995 Adherence to an invasion of tissue culture cells by Vibrio hollisae Infect Immun 63:4959–4963 85 Miyoshi, S.-I., H Nakazawa, K Kawata, K.-I Tomochika, K Tobe,and S Shinoda 1998 Characterization of the hemorrhagic reaction caused by Vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease, a member of the thermolysin family Infect Immun 66:4851– 4855 86 Molenda, J.R., W.G Johnson, M Fishbein, B Wentz, I.J Mehlman, and T.A Dadisman, Jr 1972 Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in Maryland: Laboratory aspects Appl Microbiol 24:444–448 676 Modern Food Microbiology 87 Morris, J.G., R Wilson, B.R Davis, I.K Wachsmuth, C.F Riddle, H.G Wathen, R.A Pollard, and P.A Blake 1981 Non-O group Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis in the United States Ann Intern Med 94:656–658 88 Mors, V., and C.H Pai 1980 Pathogenic properties of Yersinia enterocolitica Infect Immun 28:292–294 89 Nadeau, E., S Messier, and S Quessy 2003 Comparison of Campylobacter isolates from poultry and humans: Association between in vitro virulence properties, biotypes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters Appl Environ Microbiol 69:6316–6320 90 Nakasone, N., and M Iwanaga 1990 Pili of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain as a possible colonization factor Infect Immun 58:61–69 91 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods 1994 Campylobacter jejuni/coli J Food Protect 57:1101–1121 92 Nishibuchi, M., S Doke, S Toizumi, T Umeda, M Yoh, and T Miwatani 1988 Isolation from a coastal fish of Vibrio hollisae capable of producing a hemolysin similar to the thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Appl Environ Microbiol 54:2144–2146 93 Nishibuchi, M., M Ishibashi, Y Takeda, and J.B Kaper 1985 Detection of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene and related DNA sequences in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and other Vibrio species by the DNA colony hybridization test Infect Immun 49:481–486 94 Nishibuchi, M., and J.B Kaper 1985 Nucleotide sequence of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus J Bacteriol 162:558–564 95 Ogawa, A., J.-I Kato, H Watanabe, B.G Nair, and T Takeda 1990 Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a heat-stable enterotoxin gene from Vibrio cholerae non-01 isolated from a patient with traveler’s diarrhea Infect Immun 58:3325– 3329 96 Ogg, J.E., R.A Ryder, and H.L Smith, Jr 1989 Isolation of Vibrio cholerae from aquatic birds in Colorado and Utah Appl Environ Microbiol 55:95–99 97 Okamoto, K., T Inoue, H Ichikawa, Y Kawamoto, and A Miyama 1981 Partial purification and characterization of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Yersinia enterocolitica Infect Immun 31:554–559 98 Okamoto, K., T Inoue, K Shimizu, S Hara, and A Miyama 1982 Further purification and characterization of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Yersinia enterocolitica Infect Immun 35:958–964 99 Pace, J., and T.-J Chai 1989 Comparison of Vibrio parahaemolyticus grown in estuarine water and rich medium Appl Environ Microbiol 55:1877–1887 100 Pai, C.H., and V Mors 1978 Production of enterotoxin by Yersinia enterocolitica Infect Immun 119:908–911 101 Pai, C.H., V Mors, and S Toma 1978 Prevalence of enterotoxigenicity in human and nonhuman isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica Infect Immun 22:334–338 102 Pearson, A.D., M.H Greenwood, R.K.A Feltham, T.D Healing, J Donaldson, D.M Jones, and R.R Colwell 1996 Microbial ecology of Campylobacter jejuni in a United Kingdom chicken supply chain: Intermittent common source, vertical transmission, and amplication by flock propagation Appl Environ Microbiol 62:4614–4620 103 Peffer, C.S., M.F Hite, and J.D Oliver 2003 Ecology of Vibrio vulnificus in estaurine waters of eastern North Carolina Appl Environ Microbiol 69:3526–3531 104 Popovic, T., P.I Fields, O Olsvik, J.G Wells, G.M Evins, D.N Cameron, J.J Farmer III, C.A Bopp, K Wachsmuth, R.B sack, M.J Albert, G.B Nair, T Shimada, and J.C Feeley 1995 Molecular subtyping of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae 0139 causing epidemic cholera in India and Bangladesh, 1992–1993 J Infect Dis 171:122–127 105 Reynolds, G.N., and F.A Draughon 1987 Campylobacter jejuni in vacuum packaged processed turkey J Food Protect 50:300–304 106 Rippey, S.R 1994 Infectious diseases associated with molluscan shellfish consumption Clin Microbiol Rev 7:419–425 107 Robins-Browne, R.M., C.S Still, M.D Miliotis, and H.J Koornhof 1979 Mechanism of action of Yersinia enterocolitica enterotoxin Infect Immun 25:680–684 108 Ruiz-Palacios, G.M., J Torres, E Escamilla, B.R Ruiz-Palacios, and J Tamayo 1983 Cholera-like enterotoxin produced by Campylobacter jejuni Lancet 2:250–253 109 Russell, R.G., and D.C Blake, Jr 1994 Cell association and invasion of Caco-2 cells by Campylobacter jejuni Infect Immun 62:3773–3779 110 Sakazaki, R 1979 Vibrio infections In Food-Borne Infections and Intoxications, ed H Riemann and F.L Bryan, 173–209 New York: Academic Press Foodborne Gastroenteritis Caused by Vibrio, Yersinia, and Campylobacter Species 677 111 Sakazaki, R 1983 Vibrio parahaemolyticus as a food-spoilage organism In Food Microbiology, ed A.H Rose, 225–241 New York: Academic Press 112 Schiemann, D.A 1981 An enterotoxin-negative strain of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 is capable of producing diarrhea in mice Infect Immun 32:571–574 113 Shanker, S., J.A Rosenfield, G.R Davey, and T.C Sorrell 1982 Campylobacter jejuni: Incidence in processed broilers and biotype distribution in human and broiler isolates Appl Environ Microbiol 43:1219–1220 114 Shayegani, M., I Deforge, D.M McGlynn, and T Root 1981 Characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species isolated from human, animal and environmental sources J Clin Microbiol 14:304–312 115 Shirai, H., H Ito, T Hirayama, Y Nakamoto, N Nakabayashi, K Kumagai, Y Takeda, and M Nishibuchi 1990 Molecular epidemiologic evidence for association of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with gastroenteritis Infect Immun 58:3568–3573 116 Smith, J.L 2002 Campylobacter jejuni infection during pregnancy: Long-term consequences of associated bacteremia, Guillain–Barr´e syndrome, and reactive arthritis J Food Protect 65:696–708 117 Smitherman, R.E., C.A Genigeorgis, and T.B Farver 1984 Preliminary observations on the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni at four California chicken ranches J Food Protect 47:293–298 118 Sperandio, V., J.A Gir´on, W.D Silveira, and J.B Kaper 1995 The OmpU outer membrane protein, a potential adherence factor of Vibrio cholerae Infect Immun 63:4433–4438 119 Stelma, G.N., Jr., P.L Spaulding, A.L Reyes, and C.H Johnson 1988 Production of enterotoxin by Vibrio vulnificus isolates J Food Protect 51:192–196 120 Stern, N.J., and A.W Kotula 1982 Survival of Campylobacter jejuni inoculated into ground beef Appl Environ Microbiol 44:1150–1153 121 Stern, N.J., M.D Pierson, and A.W Kotula 1980 Effects of pH and sodium chloride on Yersinia enterocolitica growth at room and refrigeration temperatures J Food Sci 45:64–67 122 Sulakvelidze, A., A Kreger, A Joseph, R.M Robins-Browne, A Fasang, G Wauters, N Harnet, L DeTolla, and J.G Morris, Jr 1999 Production of enterotoxin by Yersinia bercovieri, a recently identified Yersinia enterocolitica-like species Infect Immun 67:968–971 123 Sun, Y., and J.D Oliver 1995 Hot sauce: No elimination of Vibrio vulnificus in oysters J Food Protect 58:441–442 124 Sun, Y., and J.D Oliver 1994 Effects of GRAS compounds on natural Vibrio vulnificus populations in oysters J Food Protect 57:921–923 125 Swaminathan, B., M.C Harmon, and I.J Mehlman 1982 Yersinia enterocolitica J Appl Bacteriol 52:151–183 126 Takeda, T., G.B Nair, K Suzuki, and Y Shimonishi 1990 Production of a monoclonal antibody to Vibrio cholerae non-01 heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) which is cross-reactive with Yersinia enterocolitica ST Infect Immun 58:2755–2759 127 Takeda, Y 1983 Thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Pharm Ther 19:123–146 128 Taylor, J.L., J Tuttle, T Pramukul, K O’Brien, T.J Barrett, B Jolbitado, Y.L Lim, D Vugia, J Glenn Morris, Jr., R.V Tauxe, and D.M Dwyer 1993 An outbreak of cholera in Maryland associated with imported commercial frozen fresh coconut milk J Infect Dis 167:1330–1335 129 Tibana, A., M.B Warnken, M.P Nunes, L.D Ricciardi, and A.L.S Noleto 1987 Occurrence of Yersinia species in raw and pasteurized milk in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil J Food Protect 50:580–583 130 Toma, S., and L Lafleur 1974 Survey on the incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in Canada Appl Microbiol 28:469–473 131 Twedt, R.M., J.T Peeler, and P.L Spaulding 1980 Effective ileal loop dose of Kanagawa-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus Appl Environ Microbiol 40:1012–1016 132 Twedt, R.M., P.L Spaulding, and H.E Hall 1969 Morphological, cultural, biochemical, and serological comparison of Japanese strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with related cultures isolated in the United States J Bacteriol 98:511–518 133 Vanderzant, C., and R Nickelson 1972 Survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimp tissue under various environmental conditions Appl Microbiol 23:34–37 134 Vugia, D.J., A.M Shefer, J Douglas, K.D Greene, R.G Bryant, and S.B Werner 1997 Cholera from raw seaweed transported from the Philippines to California J Clin Microbiol 35:284–285 135 Walker, S.J., and A Gilmour 1990 Production of enterotoxin by Yersinia species isolated from milk J Food Protect 53:751–754 ... 676 Modern Food Microbiology 87 Morris, J.G., R Wilson, B.R Davis, I.K Wachsmuth, C.F Riddle, H.G Wathen, R.A Pollard, and P.A Blake 1981 Non-O group Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis in the United... Draughon 1987 Campylobacter jejuni in vacuum packaged processed turkey J Food Protect 50:300–304 106 Rippey, S.R 1994 Infectious diseases associated with molluscan shellfish consumption Clin Microbiol... Sakazaki, R 1979 Vibrio infections In Food- Borne Infections and Intoxications, ed H Riemann and F.L Bryan, 173–209 New York: Academic Press Foodborne Gastroenteritis Caused by Vibrio, Yersinia, and Campylobacter