Figure 26–3 Reported isolates of Shigella by species and year, United States, 1975–2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002) 632 Modern Food Microbiology Figure 26–4 Reported cases of shigellosis per 1,000,000 population by year, United States, 1970–2000 Date from PHLIS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002) Foodborne Gastroenteritis Caused by Salmonella and Shigella 633 634 Modern Food Microbiology Foodborne Cases For the period 1973–1987, foodborne shigellosis accounted for 12% of reported food poisoning cases in the United States for which an etiological agent could be found, placing it third behind staphylococcal food poisoning (14%) and salmonellosis (45%).4 Poor personal hygiene is a common factor in foodborne shigellosis, with shellfish, fruits and vegetables, chicken, and salads being prominent among vehicle foods The prominence of these foods is due to the fecal–oral route of transmission The shigellae are not as persistent in the environment as are salmonellae and escherichiae The recorded species isolations of Shigella in the United States for the years 1975–2000 are noted in Figure 26–3 It should be noted that the isolations noted were from many sources including foods S sonnei is clearly the most frequent isolate followed by S flexneri The recorded shigellosis cases (per 100,000 population) in the United States for the years 1970–2000 can be seen from Figure 26–4, and they include foodborne as well as non-foodborne cases In 2000, an outbreak of shigellosis in three western states of the United States was caused by S sonnei; the vehicle food was a 5-layer party dip, and there were 30 victims.12 The dip layers consisted of bean/salsa/guacamole/nacho cheese/sour cream An outbreak caused by S sonnei occurred in Spain in 1995–1996 and it was traced to fresh pasteurized milk cheese;there were >200 victims, and an infected food handler appeared to be the source of the pathogen to susceptible individuals Virulence Properties The 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and S.A Palumbo 1989 Effect of sodium chloride, pH and temperature on growth of Shigella flexneri J Food Protect 52:356–359 ... and Shigella 633 634 Modern Food Microbiology Foodborne Cases For the period 1973–1987, foodborne shigellosis accounted for 12% of reported food poisoning cases in the United States for which... cream An outbreak caused by S sonnei occurred in Spain in 1995–1996 and it was traced to fresh pasteurized milk cheese;there were >200 victims, and an infected food handler appeared to be the source... followed by S flexneri The recorded shigellosis cases (per 100,000 population) in the United States for the years 1970–2000 can be seen from Figure 26–4, and they include foodborne as well as non-foodborne