Thông tin tài liệu
Animation
Legal Notice
Autodesk® Maya® 8.5
© Copyright 1997-2007 Autodesk, Inc. ("Autodesk") and/or its licensors. All
rights reserved.
All user documentation ("User Documentation") and the software product to
which the User Documentation pertains (“Software”) contains proprietary and
confidential information of Autodesk, Inc., and/or its licensors. The User
Documentation and the Software are protected by national and international
intellectual property laws and treaties. All rights reserved. Use of the
Documentation and the Software is subject to the terms of the software license
agreement.
This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any
method, for any purpose.
Autodesk, Inc., reserves the right to revise and improve its products including
without limitation the User Documentation and the Software, as it sees fit. This
publication describes the state of the Software at the time of its publication, and
may not reflect the Software at all times in the future.
AUTODESK, INC., MAKES NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THE SOFTWARE OR THESE
MATERIALS, AND MAKES SUCH SOFTWARE AND MATERIALS AVAILABLE
SOLELY ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS. AUTODESK DOES NOT WARRANT THAT
THE OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR
ERROR FREE.
IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTODESK, INC. BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR
SPECIAL, COLLATERAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF PURCHASE OR USE OF THE
SOFTWARE OR THESE MATERIALS. THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
LIABILITY TO AUTODESK, INC., REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION,
SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE SOFTWARE OR
MATERIALS DESCRIBED HEREIN, AS THE CASE MAY BE.
Autodesk Trademarks
The following are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the
USA and other countries: 3DEC (design/logo), 3December, 3December.com,
3ds Max, ActiveShapes, Actrix, ADI, Alias, Alias (swirl design/logo),
AliasStudio, Alias|Wavefront (design/logo), ATC, AUGI, AutoCAD, AutoCAD
Learning Assistance, AutoCAD LT, AutoCAD Simulator, AutoCAD SQL
Extension, AutoCAD SQL Interface, Autodesk, Autodesk Envision, Autodesk
Insight, Autodesk Intent, Autodesk Inventor, Autodesk Map, Autodesk
MapGuide, Autodesk Streamline, AutoLISP, AutoSnap, AutoSketch, AutoTrack,
Backdraft, Built with ObjectARX (logo), Burn, Buzzsaw, CAiCE, Can You
Imagine, Character Studio, Cinestream, Civil 3D, Cleaner, Cleaner Central,
ClearScale, Colour Warper, Combustion, Communication Specification,
Constructware, Content Explorer, Create>what’s>Next> (design/logo), Dancing
Baby (image), DesignCenter, Design Doctor, Designer's Toolkit, DesignKids,
DesignProf, DesignServer, DesignStudio, Design|Studio (design/logo), Design
Your World, Design Your World (design/logo), DWF, DWG, DWG (logo), DWG
TrueConvert, DWG TrueView, DXF, EditDV, Education by Design, Extending
the Design Team, FBX, Filmbox, FMDesktop, GDX Driver, Gmax, Heads-up
Design, Heidi, HOOPS, HumanIK, i-drop, iMOUT, Incinerator, IntroDV,
Kaydara, Kaydara (design/logo), LocationLogic, Lustre, Maya, Mechanical
Desktop, MotionBuilder, ObjectARX, ObjectDBX, Open Reality, PolarSnap,
PortfolioWall, Powered with Autodesk Technology, Productstream,
ProjectPoint, Reactor, RealDWG, Real-time Roto, Render Queue, Revit,
Showcase, SketchBook, StudioTools, Topobase, Toxik, Visual, Visual Bridge,
Visual Construction, Visual Drainage, Visual Hydro, Visual Landscape, Visual
Roads, Visual Survey, Visual Syllabus, Visual Toolbox, Visual Tugboat, Visual
LISP, Voice Reality, Volo, and Wiretap.
The following are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk Canada
Co. in the USA and/or Canada and other countries: Backburner, Discreet, Fire,
Flame, Flint, Frost, Inferno, Multi-Master Editing, River, Smoke, Sparks, Stone,
Wire.
Third-Party Trademarks
mental ray is a registered trademark of mental images GmbH licensed for use
by Autodesk, Inc. Adobe, Illustrator and Photoshop are either registered
trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States
and/or other countries. The Ravix logo is a trademark of Electric Rain, Inc.
“Python” and the Python logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of the
Python Software Foundation. All other brand names, product names, or
trademarks belong to their respective holders.
Third-Party Copyright Notices
I. Graph Layout Toolkit © Copyright 1992-2003 Tom Sawyer Software,
Berkeley, California. All rights reserved.
II. Portions relating to JPEG © Copyright 1991-1998 Thomas G. Lane. All rights
reserved. This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG
Group.
III. Portions relating to TIFF © Copyright 1997-1998 Sam Leffler. © Copyright
1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc. All rights reserved.
The TIFF portions of this software is provided by the copyright holders and
contributors "as is" and any express or implied warranties, including, but not
limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose are disclaimed. In no event shall the copyright owner or contributors of
the TIFF portions be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special,
exemplary, or consequential damages (including, but not limited to,
procurement of substitute goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or
business interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether in
contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or otherwise) arising in any
way out of the use of the TIFF portions of this software, even if advised of the
possibility of such damage.
IV. Portions relating to the implementation of the Edge Detection and Image
Segmentation (EDISON) System are provided "AS IS". More information may
be found at http://www.caip.rutgers.edu/riul/research/code.html.
V. Portions of the subdivision surface implementation technology are protected
by U.S. patents 6,037,949, 6,222,553, 6,300,960, and 6,489,960 and used
under license from Pixar.
VI. Portions relating to OpenEXR Copyright © 2004, Industrial Light & Magic, a
division of Lucasfilm Entertainment Company Ltd. Portions contributed and
copyright held by others as indicated. All rights reserved. Redistribution and
use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source
code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the
above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. Neither
the name of Industrial Light & Magic nor the names of any other contributors to
this software may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
software without specific prior written permission. THE INDUSTRIAL LIGHT &
MAGIC, A DIVISION OF LUCASFILM ENTERTAINMENT COMPANY LTD.
SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
VII. SWIG: This software includes contributions that are Copyright © 1998-
2002 University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Redistributions of source code
must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution. Neither the name of the
University of Chicago nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF
CHICAGO AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF
CHICAGO OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.”
Portions Copyright © 1995-1998 The University of Utah and the Regents of the
University of California. All Rights Reserved. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHOR, THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
OR DISTRIBUTORS OF THIS SOFTWARE BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE AUTHORS OR ANY OF THE ABOVE
PARTIES HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
THE AUTHOR, THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, AND THE UNIVERSITY
OF UTAH SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE
PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHORS
AND DISTRIBUTORS HAVE NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE
MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR
MODIFICATIONS.
Government Use
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions
as set forth in FAR 12.212 (Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights)
and DFAR 227.7202 (Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software), as
applicable. Manufacturer is Autodesk, Inc. 111 McInnis Parkway, San Rafael,
California 94903, USA.
Patents
Protected by one or more of U.S. Patent Nos. 5,764,233, 5,808,625,
5,809,219, 5,818,452, 5,847,716, 5,852,450, 5,889,528, 5,926,178, 5,929,864,
5,990,908, 5,999,195, 6,025,852, 6,037,948, 6,118,427, 6,130,673, 6,204,860,
6,211,882, 6,232,980, 6,246,416, 6,266,071, 6,317,128, 6,348,924, 6,356,271,
6,363,503, 6,384,835, 6,389,154, 6,414,700, 6,462,740, 6,525,735, 6,549,212,
6,553,337, 6,618,063, 6,798,416, 6,850,638, 6,859,202, 6,888,542, 6,915,492,
7,034,824, 7,139,444; and patents pending.
03 2007
Animation
3
Table of Contents
1 Animation Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
About Animation in Maya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Controlling animation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Previewing animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Ghosting animated objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Motion Trails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Playblast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Muting animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Mute in the Channel Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Mute in the Graph Editor and Dope Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Adding sound to your animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Importing sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Baking simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Animation Snapshot and Animated Sweep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Animation Snapshot-generated geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Animated Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Snapshot and Sweep Construction History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Turntable animation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Animated rotation in Maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Euler angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Quaternions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Which type of interpolation is right for your animated rotations? . . . . . . . . . 34
How do I? Edit animation preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Use the animation controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Set the appearance of key ticks in the Time Slider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Create a turntable animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Preview your animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Ghost an object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Change the status of a mute node from the Channel Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Apply Motion Trails to an object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Animation
4
Table of Contents
Playback animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Display the frame rate of an animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
View object manipulators during playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Optimize your scene for playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Display and UI Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Skeletons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Skinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Playblast animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Add sound to your animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Add sound to your animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Import an audio file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Play an audio file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Set the audio playback settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Delete audio from your scene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Set Animation Snapshot and Animated Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Set Animation Snapshot and Animated Sweep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Apply animation snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Apply animated sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Turn Animation Snapshot and Animated Sweep on or off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Delete Animation Snapshot or Animated Sweep construction history . . . . . . . . 53
2 Keyframe Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
About Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Auto Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Keys in the Attribute Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Keys in the Channel Box, Graph Editor, and Dope Sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Cutting, copying, and pasting keys between scenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Keys clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Driven keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Linking multiple attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table of Contents
Animation
5
Breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Inbetweens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Graph Editor overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Animation curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Set IK/FK Key curves in the Graph Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Dope Sheet overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
How do I? Set keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Set key preferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Add keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Set key options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Modify key attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Edit the keyability of an object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Disable the editability of attributes without deleting them. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Edit keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Cut keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Copy keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Paste keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Copy and Paste keys in the Graph Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Delete keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Scale keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Snap keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Bake keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Mute keys in the Dope Sheet or Graph Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Create Dope Sheet custom key colors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Use Auto Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Use Auto Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Set Breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Set Breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Convert keys to Breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Convert Breakdowns to keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Set Inbetweens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Set Inbetweens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Animation
6
Table of Contents
Set Driven Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Set Driven Keys overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Set a driven key relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Use the Graph Editor and Dope Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Display the Graph Editor and Dope Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Navigate the Graph Editor graph view or Dope Sheet view area . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Edit curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
View curves while editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Set curve behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Set rotation interpolation for curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Smooth curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Simplify curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Resample curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Scale curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Mute or unmute a channel in the Dope Sheet or Graph Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Fix my curves when they have been corrupted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Manipulate curves with the lattice manipulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Change animation curve colors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Change animation curve colors from the Graph Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Change animation curve colors through the Attribute Editor or with MEL . . . 97
Example MEL procedure for customizing the color of multiple animation curves
98
Normalize curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Edit keys from curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Add keys to a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Move keys on a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Copy and paste keys on a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Delete keys from a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Edit tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Edit tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Table of Contents
Animation
7
Use the Dope Sheet Manipulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Copy, cut, paste, scale, move, or mute a range of time and keys with the Dope
Sheet Manipulator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3 Nonlinear Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
About What is nonlinear animation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Nonlinear animation tools in Maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
What is the Trax Editor?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
What is the Character Mapper? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
What are the Visor, Outliner, and Clip Library? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Nonlinear animation components in Trax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Animation clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Audio clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Poses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Characters, groups, and subcharacters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
How do I? Open and view the Trax Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Open the Trax Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Set the Trax Editor view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Set the Time Slider’s playback range to reflect the range of clips in Trax . . . . 121
Use the Outliner and Visor with Trax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Use the Outliner with Trax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Use the Visor with Trax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Create, load, and highlight character sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Create character sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Load character sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Rename character sets in the Trax Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Highlight characters, groups, or subcharacters in Trax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Collapse, expand, and edit summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Expand and collapse a summary track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Edit the summary clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Animation
8
Table of Contents
Create clips and poses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Create clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Create expression or constraint clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Create poses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Cut, copy, and paste clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Duplicate clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Manipulate clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Edit a clip’s weighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Move clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Trim clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Scale clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Cycle clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Hold clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Split clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Merge clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Enable or disable clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Activate or deactivate clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Offset clip channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Create and edit blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Create and edit time warps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Key on top of clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Key into a clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Edit clip attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Edit a clip’s animation curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Select and edit source clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Select source clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Copy source clips to a character. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Edit source clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Select, create, and remove tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Select tracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Table of Contents
Animation
9
Add tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Remove tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Group and ungroup clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Create groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Rename groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Ungroup clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Work with subcharacter sets in Trax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Create a source clip for subcharacter set curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Rename subcharacter sets in the Trax Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Import or export animation data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Import or export animation data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Work with audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Work with audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4 Path Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
About What is path animation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Positioning your object on a path curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Orienting your object on a path curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Manipulating your object on the motion path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Motion path markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Position markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Orientation markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Marker timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
How do I? Create a motion path animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Create a motion path using a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Create a motion path using keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Edit motion paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Detach an object from a motion path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Delete motion paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Animate along a motion path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Create a path animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Create a path animation using the Motion Path Manipulator tool. . . . . . . . . . 164
Animation
10
Table of Contents
Animate an object along a surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Orient an object on a path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Deform an object along a motion path curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Set motion path markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Set motion path markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
5 Motion Capture Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173
About Motion capture devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Motion capture devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Attachments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Virtual devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Multiple devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Motion capture systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Optical capture system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Magnetic capture system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Motion capture process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Motion capture process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Rehearsing the motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Recording the motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Defining devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Mapping device data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Reviewing the motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Previewing a take . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Numbering takes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Converting a take to animation curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Filters and Resamplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Saving files to disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Motion capture tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Tips for full-body motion capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Tips for working with the data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
[...]... Table of Contents Animation 20 1 Animation Basics The animation basics chapter contains a general overview of the fundamental concepts, terms, and modules associated with animation in Autodesk Maya About Animation in Maya Maya animation provides you with the powerful tools you need to bring the characters and objects in your scenes to life These tools give you the freedom to animate any attribute of... Animation Basics About > Animated rotation in Maya Turntable camera’s 360 degree orbit Related topics ¬ ”Create a turntable animation” on page 38 ¬ ”Animate > Turntable” on page 273 Animated rotation in Maya When you keyframe an object’s rotations, Maya calculates the object’s orientations between keys by interpolating the rotation values from one key to the next In Maya, there are two methods of rotation... co-ordinate systems (for example, XZY opposed to Maya s default XYZ) of the 3D software packages from which they came This is important if you want the animated rotations of your imported objects to appear as intended In Maya, the default method of rotation interpolation is Euler Y Z X Euler rotation interpolation There are 2 kinds of Euler rotation interpolation in Maya: Independent and Synchronized You can... bones, IK handles, and models over time In this guide, you can find information on the various animation techniques in Maya, how to use the different types of animation, and how to preview, playback, and save your animations This book focuses on the following types of animation in Maya: • Keyframe animation lets you transform objects or skeletons over time by setting keyframes For example, you can... how Maya calculates its rotations For more information on Euler angles and Quaternions, see ”Euler angles” on page 31, ”Quaternions” on page 32, and ”Which type of interpolation is right for your animated rotations?” on page 34 Euler rotation is the default method of rotation interpolation unless otherwise specified You can set the default rotation interpolation method for new curves from the Maya. .. new curves” on page 88 and ”To change rotation interpolation in existing curves” on page 88 Animation 30 1 | Animation Basics About > Animated rotation in Maya Euler angles When interpolating the animated rotations of an object using the Euler method, Maya uses Euler angles to determine the object’s axis-specific orientations over time Euler rotations are calculated using three separate angles representing... skeletons, object hierarchies, or specific parts of an object See ”Animate > Ghost Selected” on page 260 Note You cannot ghost animation that is based on expressions or simulations, such as Dynamics, Maya nCloth™ or Maya Classic Cloth™ animations You can control how ghosts look in the scene view You can set the color of ghosts and the number that is displayed See ”To set the number of ghosts that are drawn”... orientation to another When animating an object’s rotations with Quaternions, Maya first stores the keyed orientation values for the object as Euler angles, converts them to Quaternions for interpolation, and then converts the interpolated Quaternion rotation values back to Euler angles for display in the Channel Box and Graph Editor In Maya, Quaternions are displayed as Synchronized Euler curves and values... Snapshot and Animated Sweep operations by turning off construction history Turntable animation When modeling 3D objects, you often times need to review or evaluate your models during the creation process In Maya, you can view single or multiple objects in 360 degrees by creating a turntable animation A turntable animation is automatically generated by a turntable camera You can add a turntable camera to your... you can type to animate attributes For example, you can write an expression formula that animates the flapping of a birds wings For more information, see the Expressions guide Controlling animation With Maya s animation controls, you can key objects, manage your scene’s timeline, and play back animation See ”Playback controls” on page 231 Previewing animation As you work on an animation, you will want .
5 ,80 9,219, 5 ,81 8, 452 , 5 ,84 7,716, 5 , 85 2, 450 , 5 ,88 9 ,5 28, 5, 926,1 78, 5, 929 ,86 4,
5, 990,9 08, 5, 999,1 95, 6,0 25 , 85 2, 6,037,9 48, 6,1 18, 427, 6,130,673, 6,204 ,86 0,
6,211 ,88 2,.
6,211 ,88 2, 6,232, 980 , 6,246,416, 6,266,071, 6,317,1 28, 6,3 48, 924, 6, 356 ,271,
6,363 ,50 3, 6, 384 ,83 5, 6, 389 , 154 , 6,414,700, 6,462,740, 6 ,52 5,7 35, 6 ,54 9,212,
Ngày đăng: 17/03/2014, 12:20
Xem thêm: AUTODESK MAYA 8.5 docx, AUTODESK MAYA 8.5 docx