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This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. III. Portions relating to TIFF © Copyright 1997-1998 Sam Leffler. © Copyright 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc. All rights reserved. The TIFF portions of this software is provided by the copyright holders and contributors "as is" and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. 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Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. Neither the name of the University of Chicago nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.” Portions Copyright © 1995-1998 The University of Utah and the Regents of the University of California. All Rights Reserved. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR, THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH OR DISTRIBUTORS OF THIS SOFTWARE BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE AUTHORS OR ANY OF THE ABOVE PARTIES HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. THE AUTHOR, THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHORS AND DISTRIBUTORS HAVE NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS. 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Patents Protected by one or more of U.S. Patent Nos. 5,764,233, 5,808,625, 5,809,219, 5,818,452, 5,847,716, 5,852,450, 5,889,528, 5,926,178, 5,929,864, 5,990,908, 5,999,195, 6,025,852, 6,037,948, 6,118,427, 6,130,673, 6,204,860, 6,211,882, 6,232,980, 6,246,416, 6,266,071, 6,317,128, 6,348,924, 6,356,271, 6,363,503, 6,384,835, 6,389,154, 6,414,700, 6,462,740, 6,525,735, 6,549,212, 6,553,337, 6,618,063, 6,798,416, 6,850,638, 6,859,202, 6,888,542, 6,915,492, 7,034,824, 7,139,444; and patents pending. 03 2007 Animation 3 Table of Contents 1 Animation Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 About Animation in Maya. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Controlling animation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Previewing animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Ghosting animated objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Motion Trails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Playblast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Muting animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Mute in the Channel Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Mute in the Graph Editor and Dope Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Adding sound to your animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Importing sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Baking simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Animation Snapshot and Animated Sweep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Animation Snapshot-generated geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Animated Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Snapshot and Sweep Construction History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Turntable animation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Animated rotation in Maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Euler angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Quaternions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Which type of interpolation is right for your animated rotations? . . . . . . . . . 34 How do I? Edit animation preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Use the animation controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Set the appearance of key ticks in the Time Slider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Create a turntable animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Preview your animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Ghost an object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Change the status of a mute node from the Channel Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Apply Motion Trails to an object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Animation 4 Table of Contents Playback animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Display the frame rate of an animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 View object manipulators during playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Optimize your scene for playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Display and UI Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Skeletons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Skinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Playblast animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Add sound to your animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Add sound to your animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Import an audio file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Play an audio file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Set the audio playback settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Delete audio from your scene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Set Animation Snapshot and Animated Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Set Animation Snapshot and Animated Sweep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Apply animation snapshot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Apply animated sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Turn Animation Snapshot and Animated Sweep on or off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Delete Animation Snapshot or Animated Sweep construction history . . . . . . . . 53 2 Keyframe Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 About Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Auto Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Keys in the Attribute Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Keys in the Channel Box, Graph Editor, and Dope Sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Cutting, copying, and pasting keys between scenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Keys clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Driven keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Linking multiple attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Table of Contents Animation 5 Breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Inbetweens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Graph Editor overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Animation curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Set IK/FK Key curves in the Graph Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Dope Sheet overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 How do I? Set keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Set key preferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Add keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Set key options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Modify key attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Edit the keyability of an object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Disable the editability of attributes without deleting them. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Edit keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Cut keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Copy keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Paste keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Copy and Paste keys in the Graph Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Delete keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Scale keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Snap keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Bake keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Mute keys in the Dope Sheet or Graph Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Create Dope Sheet custom key colors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Use Auto Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Use Auto Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Set Breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Set Breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Convert keys to Breakdowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Convert Breakdowns to keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Set Inbetweens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Set Inbetweens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Animation 6 Table of Contents Set Driven Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Set Driven Keys overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Set a driven key relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Use the Graph Editor and Dope Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Display the Graph Editor and Dope Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Navigate the Graph Editor graph view or Dope Sheet view area . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Edit curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 View curves while editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Set curve behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Set rotation interpolation for curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Smooth curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Simplify curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Resample curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Scale curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Mute or unmute a channel in the Dope Sheet or Graph Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Fix my curves when they have been corrupted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Manipulate curves with the lattice manipulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Change animation curve colors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Change animation curve colors from the Graph Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Change animation curve colors through the Attribute Editor or with MEL . . . 97 Example MEL procedure for customizing the color of multiple animation curves 98 Normalize curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Edit keys from curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Add keys to a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Move keys on a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Copy and paste keys on a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Delete keys from a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Edit tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Edit tangents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Table of Contents Animation 7 Use the Dope Sheet Manipulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Copy, cut, paste, scale, move, or mute a range of time and keys with the Dope Sheet Manipulator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 3 Nonlinear Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 About What is nonlinear animation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Nonlinear animation tools in Maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 What is the Trax Editor?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 What is the Character Mapper? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 What are the Visor, Outliner, and Clip Library? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Nonlinear animation components in Trax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Animation clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Audio clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Poses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Characters, groups, and subcharacters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 How do I? Open and view the Trax Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Open the Trax Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Set the Trax Editor view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Set the Time Slider’s playback range to reflect the range of clips in Trax . . . . 121 Use the Outliner and Visor with Trax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Use the Outliner with Trax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Use the Visor with Trax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Create, load, and highlight character sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Create character sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Load character sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Rename character sets in the Trax Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Highlight characters, groups, or subcharacters in Trax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Collapse, expand, and edit summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Expand and collapse a summary track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Edit the summary clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Animation 8 Table of Contents Create clips and poses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Create clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Create expression or constraint clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Create poses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Cut, copy, and paste clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Duplicate clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Manipulate clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Edit a clip’s weighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Move clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Trim clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Scale clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Cycle clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Hold clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Split clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Merge clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Enable or disable clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Related topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Activate or deactivate clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Offset clip channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Create and edit blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Create and edit time warps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Key on top of clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Key into a clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Edit clip attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Edit a clip’s animation curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Select and edit source clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Select source clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Copy source clips to a character. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Edit source clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Select, create, and remove tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Select tracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Table of Contents Animation 9 Add tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Remove tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Group and ungroup clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Create groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Rename groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Ungroup clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Work with subcharacter sets in Trax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Create a source clip for subcharacter set curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Rename subcharacter sets in the Trax Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Import or export animation data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Import or export animation data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Work with audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Work with audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 4 Path Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159 About What is path animation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Positioning your object on a path curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Orienting your object on a path curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Manipulating your object on the motion path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Motion path markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Position markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Orientation markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Marker timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 How do I? Create a motion path animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Create a motion path using a curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Create a motion path using keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Edit motion paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Detach an object from a motion path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Delete motion paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Animate along a motion path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Create a path animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Create a path animation using the Motion Path Manipulator tool. . . . . . . . . . 164 Animation 10 Table of Contents Animate an object along a surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Orient an object on a path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Deform an object along a motion path curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Set motion path markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Set motion path markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 5 Motion Capture Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 About Motion capture devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Motion capture devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Attachments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Virtual devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Multiple devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Motion capture systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Optical capture system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Magnetic capture system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Motion capture process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Motion capture process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Rehearsing the motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Recording the motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Defining devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Mapping device data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Reviewing the motion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Previewing a take . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Numbering takes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Converting a take to animation curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Filters and Resamplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Saving files to disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Motion capture tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Tips for full-body motion capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Tips for working with the data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 [...]... Table of Contents Animation 20 1 Animation Basics The animation basics chapter contains a general overview of the fundamental concepts, terms, and modules associated with animation in Autodesk Maya About Animation in Maya Maya animation provides you with the powerful tools you need to bring the characters and objects in your scenes to life These tools give you the freedom to animate any attribute of... Animation Basics About > Animated rotation in Maya Turntable camera’s 360 degree orbit Related topics ¬ ”Create a turntable animation” on page 38 ¬ ”Animate > Turntable” on page 273 Animated rotation in Maya When you keyframe an object’s rotations, Maya calculates the object’s orientations between keys by interpolating the rotation values from one key to the next In Maya, there are two methods of rotation... co-ordinate systems (for example, XZY opposed to Maya s default XYZ) of the 3D software packages from which they came This is important if you want the animated rotations of your imported objects to appear as intended In Maya, the default method of rotation interpolation is Euler Y Z X Euler rotation interpolation There are 2 kinds of Euler rotation interpolation in Maya: Independent and Synchronized You can... bones, IK handles, and models over time In this guide, you can find information on the various animation techniques in Maya, how to use the different types of animation, and how to preview, playback, and save your animations This book focuses on the following types of animation in Maya: • Keyframe animation lets you transform objects or skeletons over time by setting keyframes For example, you can... how Maya calculates its rotations For more information on Euler angles and Quaternions, see ”Euler angles” on page 31, ”Quaternions” on page 32, and ”Which type of interpolation is right for your animated rotations?” on page 34 Euler rotation is the default method of rotation interpolation unless otherwise specified You can set the default rotation interpolation method for new curves from the Maya. .. new curves” on page 88 and ”To change rotation interpolation in existing curves” on page 88 Animation 30 1 | Animation Basics About > Animated rotation in Maya Euler angles When interpolating the animated rotations of an object using the Euler method, Maya uses Euler angles to determine the object’s axis-specific orientations over time Euler rotations are calculated using three separate angles representing... skeletons, object hierarchies, or specific parts of an object See ”Animate > Ghost Selected” on page 260 Note You cannot ghost animation that is based on expressions or simulations, such as Dynamics, Maya nCloth™ or Maya Classic Cloth™ animations You can control how ghosts look in the scene view You can set the color of ghosts and the number that is displayed See ”To set the number of ghosts that are drawn”... orientation to another When animating an object’s rotations with Quaternions, Maya first stores the keyed orientation values for the object as Euler angles, converts them to Quaternions for interpolation, and then converts the interpolated Quaternion rotation values back to Euler angles for display in the Channel Box and Graph Editor In Maya, Quaternions are displayed as Synchronized Euler curves and values... Snapshot and Animated Sweep operations by turning off construction history Turntable animation When modeling 3D objects, you often times need to review or evaluate your models during the creation process In Maya, you can view single or multiple objects in 360 degrees by creating a turntable animation A turntable animation is automatically generated by a turntable camera You can add a turntable camera to your... you can type to animate attributes For example, you can write an expression formula that animates the flapping of a birds wings For more information, see the Expressions guide Controlling animation With Maya s animation controls, you can key objects, manage your scene’s timeline, and play back animation See ”Playback controls” on page 231 Previewing animation As you work on an animation, you will want . 5 ,80 9,219, 5 ,81 8, 452 , 5 ,84 7,716, 5 , 85 2, 450 , 5 ,88 9 ,5 28, 5, 926,1 78, 5, 929 ,86 4, 5, 990,9 08, 5, 999,1 95, 6,0 25 , 85 2, 6,037,9 48, 6,1 18, 427, 6,130,673, 6,204 ,86 0, 6,211 ,88 2,. 6,211 ,88 2, 6,232, 980 , 6,246,416, 6,266,071, 6,317,1 28, 6,3 48, 924, 6, 356 ,271, 6,363 ,50 3, 6, 384 ,83 5, 6, 389 , 154 , 6,414,700, 6,462,740, 6 ,52 5,7 35, 6 ,54 9,212,