1242 Index bridges See roads and bridges Brigg raft 980 brine 1067 Britain climate and geography 264 language 615–616 migration and population movements 716 roads and bridges 883 social collapse and abandonment 1005 textiles and needlework 1083 British Isles gender structures and roles 499 literature 654 brocades 1079 broch 72–73 bronze art 88, 96, 104, 114, 116, 117 cities 218 climate and geography 256 crafts 285, 288–290 economy 361, 362 inventions 598, 599, 601 metallurgy 681, 682 mining, quarrying, and salt making 741, 747 money and coinage 754, 760 science 922 Bronze Age agriculture 29, 35 art 107–109 building techniques and materials 157–158 ceramics and pottery 182, 183 climate and geography 257, 259 crafts 291 death and burial practices 318 economy 361–363 empires and dynasties 409–410 government organization 519 health and disease 550 household goods 566 metallurgy 684 migration and population movements 702–703, 709, 711 mining, quarrying, and salt making 747, 748 music and musical instruments 768–769 roads and bridges 888, 890 seafaring and navigation 957 settlement patterns 969 ships and shipbuilding 979 social collapse and abandonment 1005 storage and preservation 1064 textiles and needlework 1080 trade and exchange 1102– 1103 war and conquest 1141 weaponry and armor 1166, 1167 bronze duck weight 1175f bronze statuary 686 bronze steelyard 1178f bronze tools 35 brooches brucellosis 825 Brutus, Lucius Junius 879 bubonic plague 819 Buccero ware 181f Buddha architecture 68 art 101–103, 101f building techniques and materials 155 empires and dynasties 402, 406 exploration 440 religion and cosmology 846f, 847 resistance and dissent 870 sacred sites 902 Buddhism architecture 68 art 102, 103 economy 358 exploration 440 foreigners and barbarians 487 religion and cosmology 845, 847, 849 social organization 1024 Buddhist epics 332 Buddhist monasteries 193 buffalo economy 372 food and diet 481–482 Buhen, Egypt 208 buildings See architecture building techniques and materials 150–162 Africa 150–152, 151f Americas 161–162 architecture 78–79 Asia and the Pacific 155–157 cities 204, 206, 210, 212, 213, 216, 218, 221, 224–225 Egypt 152–154 Europe 157–158 Greece 158–160, 159f Middle East 154–155, 154f Rome 160–161, 160f science 922 Bulgaria 107 bullfighting 1053 bull jumper 1053f bureaucracy gender structures and roles 495 government organization 513–514 burial chambers 145 burial jade 1004f burial mounds architecture 86–87 astronomy 130 building techniques and materials 162 burial practices See death and burial practices Burma 768 Bushmen agriculture 18 drama and theater 328– 329 employment and labor 425–426 exploration 436 household goods 561 hunting, fishing, and gathering 572 language 609–611 migration and population movements 692, 693 religion and cosmology 833 sacred sites 898 war and conquest 1122 butchers 816 butter 478 buttresses 155 Byzantine Empire 143f C cacao beans economy 373 food and diet 482 cacao chicha 482 Caecilius of Calacte See Archagathus Caelius Apicius 480 caementum 160 Caesar, Julius agriculture 41 architecture 78 astronomy 132 borders and frontiers 145 calendars and clocks 165, 169 children 197 cities 218–219, 221 climate and geography 263 crime and punishment 301 economy 369–370 empires and dynasties 409, 413–415 literature 654, 662 migration and population movements 709 religion and cosmology 859 resistance and dissent 879 roads and bridges 888 scandals and corruption 914, 916, 917 science 944 seafaring and navigation 957 social organization 1029, 1046 cairns death and burial practices 317, 318 sacred sites 902 Cairo 239, 241–242 cakravartin 730 calcei 281 calculation 804 calculus 804 Calendar Round 604 calendars and clocks 163–174 Africa 163–165, 164f Americas 172–173 architecture 56 Asia and the Pacific 167–169 astronomy 124–126, 129, 132, 133 Egypt 165–166, 166f Europe 169–170 festivals 463–465 Greece 170–171 inventions 594, 601, 604 Middle East 166, 167 Rome 171–172 science 925, 928, 939, 944, 948 Calendars of Lucky and Unlucky Days 777 calendar temple 133 Caligula (emperor of Rome) drama and theater 337 economy 370 empires and dynasties 415 gender structures and roles 502 scandals and corruption 917 Calippus 171 call and response 328, 330 calligraphy art 103 writing 1187 Callimachus 659 Cambodia drama and theater 332–333 foreigners and barbarians 486–487 literature 651 camels hunting, fishing, and gathering 576 transportation 1111, 1113, 1114