HUME TO HEGEL the form of the outer senses, and time is the form of the inner sense Space and time are not entities in the world discovered by the mind: they are the pattern into which the senses mould experience In expounding his transcendental aesthetic, Kant oVers his own novel solution to the age-old question ‘Are space and time real?’6 When we move from the transcendental aesthetic to the transcendental logic we again encounter a twofold division The logic consists of two major enterprises, which Kant calls the transcendental analytic and the transcendental dialectic The analytic sets out the criteria for the valid empirical employment of the understanding; the dialectic exposes the illusions that arise when reason tries to operate outside the limits set by the analytic In his analytic Kant lays out a set of a priori concepts which he calls ‘categories’, and a set of a priori judgements which he calls ‘principles’ Accordingly, the analytic is again subdivided, into two main sections, containing ‘The Deduction of the Categories’ and ‘The System of Principles’ The Wrst section presents the deduction, or legitimation, of the categories Categories are concepts of a particularly fundamental kind: Kant gives as instances the concepts of ‘cause’ and ‘substance’ Without these categories, he argues, we could not conceptualize or understand even the most fragmentary and disordered experience His aim here is to meet the empiricist’s challenge on the empiricist’s own ground He agrees with the empiricist that all our knowledge begins with experience, but he denies that all of it arises from experience He seeks to show that without the metaphysical concepts that Hume sought to dismantle, Hume’s own basic items of experience, impressions, and ideas would themselves disintegrate The second section of the analytic, the system of principles, contains a number of synthetic a priori propositions about experience Experiences, Kant maintains, must possess two kinds of magnitude—extensive magnitude (of which an instance is the distance between two points) and intensive magnitude (of which an instance is a particular degree of heat) Moreover, Kant maintains, experience is only possible if necessary connections are to be found among our perceptions Hume was wrong to think that we Wrst perceive temporal succession between events, and then go on to regard one as cause and another as eVect On the contrary, we could not establish an Kant’s account of space and time is considered at greater length in Ch 104