ILLUSTRATIONS Page Desiderius Erasmus in Holbein’s portrait in the Louvre ß Photo RMN/Louvre 10 The Council of Trent in its final session Fotomas UK 17 The ceiling of the church of S Ignazio in Rome ß 1990 Photo SCALA, Florence/Church of Sant’Ignazio, Rome 27 The title page of the Oxford edition of Bacon’s Advancement of Learning The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, (BROXB 48.3) 38 Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford (LP 156) 44 The title page of the first edition of Leviathan British Library 54 Instruction from King Charles II to the Dean and Chapter of Christ Church to deprive Locke of his studentship The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford (Ms 375/1) 62 The frontispiece of Thomas Sprat’s History of the Royal Society British Library 74 Drawing by Jonathan Richardson of Alexander Pope British Museum 81 Seventeenth-century engraving of the college of La Fle`che Bibliothe`que nationale de France 86 Hume’s draft of a letter to Rousseau inviting him to England Ross Hume of Ninewells 92 Engraving by Hubert of Voltaire dining with fellow philosophes Bibliothe`que nationale, Paris, Archives Charmet/Bridgeman Art Library 96 Female philosopher Wellcome Library, London