Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống
1
/ 36 trang
THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Thông tin cơ bản
Định dạng
Số trang
36
Dung lượng
1,02 MB
Nội dung
United States
Department of
Agriculture
National
Agricultural
Statistics
Service
ISSN: 2159-7480
Poultry Slaughter
2012Summary
February 2013
This page intentionally left blank
Poultry Slaughter2012Summary (February 2013) 3
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Contents
Number Slaughtered, Total Live Weight, and Average Live Weight by Type and Month – United States:
2012 and 2011 Total 4
Chilled and Frozen, Pounds Certified by Type and Month – United States: 2012 and 2011 Total 6
Ante-Mortem Condemnations by Type and Month – United States: 2012 and 2011 Total 8
Post-Mortem Condemnations by Type and Month – United States: 2012 and 2011 Total 10
Number Condemned Post-Mortem by Cause, Type, and Month – United States: 2012 and 2011 Total 12
Young Chickens, Number Slaughtered and Total Live Weight by Month – States and United States:
2012 and 2011 Total 18
Young Chickens, Average Live Weight and Pounds Certified by Month – States and United States:
2012 and 2011 Total 20
Young Chickens, Post-Mortem Condemnations by Month – States and United States: 2012 and 2011 Total 22
Young Chickens, Number Condemned Post-Mortem by Cause and Month – States and United States:
2012 and 2011 Total 24
Young Turkeys, Number Slaughtered, Total Live Weight, Average Live Weight, and Pounds Certified by
Month – States and United States: 2012 and 2011 Total 30
Young Turkeys, Post-Mortem Condemnations by Month – States and United States: 2012 and 2011 Total 32
Statistical Methodology 34
Terms and Definitions Used for PoultrySlaughter Estimates 35
Information Contacts 35
4 PoultrySlaughter2012Summary (February 2013)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Number Slaughtered, Total Live Weight, and Average Live Weight by Type and Month – United States:
2012 and 2011 Total
[Federally inspected only]
Commodity
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
Number slaughtered
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
707,215
12,845
6,975
5,870
720,060
19,291
110
19,401
2,104
674,192
11,056
5,568
5,488
685,248
18,931
99
19,030
1,977
699,277
12,264
7,148
5,116
711,541
20,457
108
20,565
2,037
683,191
12,978
7,952
5,026
696,169
19,630
146
19,776
2,001
749,248
14,205
7,910
6,295
763,453
21,660
152
21,812
2,104
706,126
13,236
6,254
6,982
719,362
20,985
127
21,112
1,962
722,612
11,304
4,453
6,851
733,916
21,104
119
21,223
1,824
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
Total live weight
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
1
Total
4,131,497
67,936
22,570
45,366
4,199,433
597,390
2,810
600,200
14,322
177
4,814,132
3,931,177
61,046
18,101
42,945
3,992,223
583,236
2,636
585,872
13,489
149
4,591,733
4,060,986
63,477
22,630
40,847
4,124,463
626,292
2,899
629,191
13,784
170
4,767,608
3,986,151
65,650
25,439
40,211
4,051,801
593,195
3,695
596,890
13,683
173
4,662,547
4,370,321
74,833
25,212
49,621
4,445,154
646,704
4,086
650,790
14,288
207
5,110,439
4,135,595
75,860
20,702
55,158
4,211,455
630,893
3,334
634,227
13,255
279
4,859,216
4,166,439
68,873
13,939
54,934
4,235,312
617,916
3,105
621,021
12,402
361
4,869,096
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
Average live weight
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
5.84
5.29
3.24
7.73
5.83
30.97
25.55
30.94
6.81
5.83
5.52
3.25
7.83
5.83
30.81
26.63
30.79
6.82
5.81
5.18
3.17
7.98
5.80
30.62
26.84
30.60
6.77
5.83
5.06
3.20
8.00
5.82
30.22
25.31
30.18
6.84
5.83
5.27
3.19
7.88
5.82
29.86
26.88
29.84
6.79
5.86
5.73
3.31
7.90
5.85
30.06
26.25
30.04
6.76
5.77
6.09
3.13
8.02
5.77
29.28
26.09
29.26
6.80
See footnote(s) at end of table. continued
Poultry Slaughter2012Summary (February 2013) 5
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Number Slaughtered, Total Live Weight, and Average Live Weight by Type and Month – United States:
2012 and 2011 Total (continued)
[Federally inspected only]
Commodity
August
September
October
November
December
2012 Total
2011 Total
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
(1,000 head)
Number slaughtered
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
760,582
13,716
6,004
7,712
774,298
22,745
188
22,933
2,092
663,470
11,737
5,387
6,350
675,207
19,207
110
19,317
1,791
745,981
11,962
5,597
6,365
757,943
24,802
176
24,978
2,108
674,146
10,408
5,116
5,292
684,554
22,084
114
22,198
2,071
642,807
11,636
7,037
4,599
654,443
17,694
153
17,847
2,112
8,428,847
147,347
75,401
71,946
8,576,194
248,590
1,602
250,192
24,183
8,537,636
146,007
68,366
77,641
8,683,643
245,450
1,394
246,844
24,472
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
Total live weight
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
1
Total
4,419,889
80,674
19,164
61,510
4,500,563
657,119
4,921
662,040
14,265
370
5,177,238
3,899,244
69,123
17,927
51,196
3,968,367
563,484
3,090
566,574
12,118
765
4,547,824
4,435,745
69,325
17,949
51,376
4,505,070
719,756
4,803
724,559
14,290
1,369
5,245,288
4,011,475
59,658
17,180
42,478
4,071,133
639,047
3,110
642,157
14,050
236
4,727,576
3,801,045
59,051
22,092
36,959
3,860,096
545,558
4,077
549,635
14,442
226
4,424,399
49,349,564
815,506
242,905
572,601
50,165,070
7,420,590
42,566
7,463,156
164,388
4,482
57,797,096
49,559,126
835,452
219,651
615,801
50,394,578
7,227,486
36,967
7,264,453
166,632
4,440
57,830,103
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
(pounds)
Average live weight
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
5.81
5.88
3.19
7.98
5.81
28.89
26.18
28.87
6.82
5.88
5.89
3.33
8.06
5.88
29.34
28.09
29.33
6.77
5.95
5.80
3.21
8.07
5.94
29.02
27.29
29.01
6.78
5.95
5.73
3.36
8.03
5.95
28.94
27.28
28.93
6.78
5.91
5.07
3.14
8.04
5.90
30.83
26.65
30.80
6.84
5.85
5.53
3.22
7.96
5.85
29.85
26.57
29.83
6.80
5.80
5.72
3.21
7.93
5.80
29.45
26.52
29.43
6.81
1
Includes geese, guineas, ostriches, emus, rheas, and squab.
6 PoultrySlaughter2012Summary (February 2013)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Chilled and Frozen, Pounds Certified by Type and Month – United States: 2012 and 2011 Total
[Ready-to-cook weights]
Commodity
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
Chilled
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
1
Total
2,807,457
43,249
11,899
31,350
2,850,706
296,140
2,097
298,237
3,979
119
3,153,041
2,669,654
38,805
9,566
29,239
2,708,459
292,884
1,930
294,814
3,691
99
3,007,063
2,750,360
40,052
12,110
27,942
2,790,412
305,501
2,147
307,648
3,668
114
3,101,842
2,722,254
41,482
13,677
27,805
2,763,736
291,160
2,766
293,926
3,685
114
3,061,461
2,993,707
47,558
13,503
34,055
3,041,265
305,135
2,982
308,117
3,736
139
3,353,257
2,834,059
49,100
11,036
38,064
2,883,159
299,813
2,450
302,263
3,351
185
3,188,958
2,823,825
43,428
7,624
35,804
2,867,253
293,355
2,285
295,640
3,205
234
3,166,332
Frozen
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
1
Total
284,338
-
-
-
284,338
178,390
52
178,442
6,436
7
469,223
283,991
-
-
-
283,991
171,955
31
171,986
6,138
6
462,121
293,461
-
-
-
293,461
194,363
84
194,447
6,330
6
494,244
271,517
105
105
-
271,622
184,024
85
184,109
6,214
7
461,952
288,090
180
180
-
288,270
211,775
57
211,832
6,600
8
506,710
271,215
83
38
45
271,298
204,270
112
204,382
6,229
8
481,917
303,165
-
-
-
303,165
201,497
49
201,546
5,691
11
510,413
Chilled and frozen
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
1
Total
3,091,795
43,249
11,899
31,350
3,135,044
474,530
2,149
476,679
10,415
126
3,622,264
2,953,645
38,805
9,566
29,239
2,992,450
464,839
1,961
466,800
9,829
105
3,469,184
3,043,821
40,052
12,110
27,942
3,083,873
499,864
2,231
502,095
9,998
120
3,596,086
2,993,771
41,587
13,782
27,805
3,035,358
475,184
2,851
478,035
9,899
121
3,523,413
3,281,797
47,738
13,683
34,055
3,329,535
516,910
3,039
519,949
10,336
147
3,859,967
3,105,274
49,183
11,074
38,109
3,154,457
504,083
2,562
506,645
9,580
193
3,670,875
3,126,990
43,428
7,624
35,804
3,170,418
494,852
2,334
497,186
8,896
245
3,676,745
See footnote(s) at end of table. continued
Poultry Slaughter2012Summary (February 2013) 7
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Chilled and Frozen, Pounds Certified by Type and Month – United States: 2012 and 2011
Total (continued)
[Ready-to-cook weights]
Commodity
August
September
October
November
December
2012 Total
2011 Total
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
Chilled
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
1
Total
3,008,382
50,969
10,524
40,445
3,059,351
314,590
3,643
318,233
3,569
246
3,381,399
2,660,298
43,634
9,646
33,988
2,703,932
270,862
2,333
273,195
3,340
153
2,980,620
3,016,708
43,813
9,755
34,058
3,060,521
349,123
3,551
352,674
3,844
228
3,417,267
2,733,796
37,649
9,551
28,098
2,771,445
307,128
2,031
309,159
3,886
164
3,084,654
2,579,598
36,760
12,196
24,564
2,616,358
271,204
2,928
274,132
4,008
154
2,894,652
33,600,098
516,499
131,087
385,412
34,116,597
3,596,895
31,143
3,628,038
43,962
1,949
37,790,546
33,885,175
520,067
116,733
403,334
34,405,242
3,624,024
27,199
3,651,223
43,885
1,524
38,101,874
Frozen
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
1
Total
309,135
39
11
28
309,174
211,728
142
211,870
6,655
7
527,706
266,781
19
16
3
266,800
179,808
70
179,878
5,385
332
452,395
318,803
5
-
5
318,808
227,142
101
227,243
6,433
633
553,117
274,674
64
38
26
274,738
205,803
296
206,099
6,279
8
487,124
273,644
23
-
23
273,667
167,317
63
167,380
6,429
9
447,485
3,438,814
518
388
130
3,439,332
2,338,072
1,142
2,339,214
74,819
1,042
5,854,407
3,317,307
1,233
317
916
3,318,540
2,138,163
1,117
2,139,280
76,126
1,389
5,535,335
Chilled and frozen
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
1
Total
3,317,517
51,008
10,535
40,473
3,368,525
526,318
3,785
530,103
10,224
253
3,909,105
2,927,079
43,653
9,662
33,991
2,970,732
450,670
2,403
453,073
8,725
485
3,433,015
3,335,511
43,818
9,755
34,063
3,379,329
576,265
3,652
579,917
10,277
861
3,970,384
3,008,470
37,713
9,589
28,124
3,046,183
512,931
2,327
515,258
10,165
172
3,571,778
2,853,242
36,783
12,196
24,587
2,890,025
438,521
2,991
441,512
10,437
163
3,342,137
37,038,912
517,017
131,475
385,542
37,555,929
5,934,967
32,285
5,967,252
118,781
2,991
43,644,953
37,202,482
521,300
117,050
404,250
37,723,782
5,762,187
28,316
5,790,503
120,011
2,913
43,637,209
- Represents zero.
1
Includes geese, guineas, and squab.
8 PoultrySlaughter2012Summary (February 2013)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Ante-Mortem Condemnations by Type and Month – United States: 2012 and 2011 Total
[Federally inspected only]
Commodity
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
Live weight
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
Total
8,171
1,044
487
557
9,215
1,413
36
1,449
34
-
10,698
7,591
566
241
325
8,157
1,364
13
1,377
30
-
9,564
7,488
707
305
402
8,195
1,485
27
1,512
29
-
9,736
7,369
643
293
350
8,012
1,223
34
1,257
30
-
9,299
8,004
727
335
392
8,731
1,330
31
1,361
32
1
10,125
8,303
963
351
612
9,266
1,546
48
1,594
51
1
10,912
9,175
622
158
464
9,797
1,780
52
1,832
79
1
11,709
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
Percent of live
weight condemned
1
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
Total
0.20
1.54
2.16
1.23
0.22
0.24
1.28
0.24
0.24
-
0.22
0.19
0.93
1.33
0.76
0.20
0.23
0.49
0.24
0.22
-
0.21
0.18
1.11
1.35
0.98
0.20
0.24
0.93
0.24
0.21
-
0.20
0.18
0.98
1.15
0.87
0.20
0.21
0.92
0.21
0.22
-
0.20
0.18
0.97
1.33
0.79
0.20
0.21
0.76
0.21
0.22
0.48
0.20
0.20
1.27
1.70
1.11
0.22
0.25
1.44
0.25
0.38
0.36
0.22
0.22
0.90
1.13
0.84
0.23
0.29
1.67
0.29
0.64
0.28
0.24
See footnote(s) at end of table. continued
Poultry Slaughter2012Summary (February 2013) 9
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Ante-Mortem Condemnations by Type and Month – United States: 2012 and 2011 Total (continued)
[Federally inspected only]
Commodity
August
September
October
November
December
2012 Total
2011 Total
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
Live weight
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
Total
9,159
1,186
363
823
10,345
1,843
60
1,903
65
-
12,313
7,420
597
210
387
8,017
1,228
22
1,250
42
2
9,311
8,135
557
184
373
8,692
1,391
31
1,422
40
1
10,155
7,831
486
181
305
8,317
1,251
38
1,289
29
-
9,635
7,498
563
268
295
8,061
1,222
38
1,260
31
-
9,352
96,144
8,661
3,376
5,285
104,805
17,076
430
17,506
492
6
122,809
103,444
9,418
3,109
6,309
112,862
17,225
336
17,561
549
4
130,976
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
Percent of live
weight condemned
1
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
Total
0.21
1.47
1.89
1.34
0.23
0.28
1.22
0.29
0.46
-
0.24
0.19
0.86
1.17
0.76
0.20
0.22
0.71
0.22
0.35
0.26
0.20
0.18
0.80
1.03
0.73
0.19
0.19
0.65
0.20
0.28
0.07
0.19
0.20
0.81
1.05
0.72
0.20
0.20
1.22
0.20
0.21
-
0.20
0.20
0.95
1.21
0.80
0.21
0.22
0.93
0.23
0.21
-
0.21
0.19
1.06
1.39
0.92
0.21
0.23
1.01
0.23
0.30
0.13
0.21
0.21
1.13
1.42
1.02
0.22
0.24
0.91
0.24
0.33
0.09
0.23
- Represents zero.
1
Pounds condemned as a percent of live weight pounds inspected.
10 PoultrySlaughter2012Summary (February 2013)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Post-Mortem Condemnations by Type and Month – United States: 2012 and 2011 Total
Commodity
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
(1,000 pounds)
Carcass and parts
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
Total
25,860
2,163
1,087
1,076
28,023
6,333
99
6,432
236
2
34,693
25,876
2,058
873
1,185
27,934
6,126
70
6,196
262
1
34,393
25,996
2,044
1,097
947
28,040
6,551
83
6,634
250
1
34,925
24,541
2,185
1,228
957
26,726
6,130
121
6,251
292
1
33,270
26,090
2,545
1,284
1,261
28,635
6,854
111
6,965
261
2
35,863
23,989
2,287
1,014
1,273
26,276
6,419
121
6,540
242
2
33,060
23,501
1,843
588
1,255
25,344
6,840
104
6,944
215
3
32,506
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
(percent)
Percent of
weight condemned
1
Chickens
Young
Mature
Light
Heavy
Total
Turkeys
Young
Old
Total
Ducks
Other
Total
0.83
4.76
8.37
3.32
0.89
1.32
4.40
1.33
2.22
1.56
0.95
0.87
5.04
8.36
3.89
0.92
1.30
3.45
1.31
2.60
0.94
0.98
0.85
4.86
8.31
3.28
0.90
1.29
3.59
1.30
2.44
0.83
0.96
0.81
4.99
8.18
3.33
0.87
1.27
4.07
1.29
2.87
0.82
0.94
0.79
5.06
8.58
3.57
0.85
1.31
3.52
1.32
2.46
1.34
0.92
0.77
4.44
8.39
3.23
0.83
1.26
4.51
1.27
2.46
1.03
0.89
0.75
4.07
7.16
3.39
0.79
1.36
4.27
1.38
2.36
1.21
0.88
See footnote(s) at end of table. continued
[...]... reasonableness 34 PoultrySlaughter 2012 Summary (February 2013) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Terms and Definitions Used for PoultrySlaughter Estimates Ante-Mortem Condemnations: Birds condemned prior to their entry into the slaughter plant Average Live Weight: The weight of the whole bird, before slaughter Excludes post-mortem condemnations Certified Ready-to-Cook: The weight of poultry certified... continued PoultrySlaughter2012Summary (February 2013) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Young Turkeys, Number Slaughtered, Total Live Weight, Average Live Weight, and Pounds Certified by Month – States and United States 2012 and 2011 Total (continued) [Published States do not add to United States total to avoid disclosure] State August September October November December 2012 Total... certified plus post-mortem condemnations PoultrySlaughter2012Summary (February 2013) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service 33 Statistical Methodology Data Sources: Data for poultryslaughter estimates are collected by inspectors of the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), USDA for all Federally Inspected plants Over 99 percent of the total United States slaughter for any species is under... 4,135,595 4,166,439 continued 18 PoultrySlaughter2012Summary (February 2013) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Young Chickens, Number Slaughtered and Total Live Weight by Month – States and United States: 2012 and 2011 Total (continued) [Published States do not add to United States total to avoid disclosure] State August September October November December 2012 Total 2011 Total (1,000 head)... 3,299 282 3,581 5,042 267 5,309 See footnote(s) at end of table 12 continued PoultrySlaughter2012Summary (February 2013) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Number Condemned Post-Mortem by Cause, Type, and Month – United States: 2012 and 2011 Total (continued) Commodity August September October November December 2012 Total 2011 Total (number head) (number head) (number head) (number head)... at end of table 20 continued PoultrySlaughter2012Summary (February 2013) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Young Chickens, Average Live Weight and Pounds Certified by Month – States and United States: 2012 and 2011 Total (continued) [Published States do not add to United States total to avoid disclosure] State August September October November December 2012 Total 2011 Total (pounds)... footnote(s) at end of table 22 0.75 continued PoultrySlaughter2012Summary (February 2013) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Young Chickens, Post-Mortem Condemnations by Month – States and United States: 2012 and 2011 Total (continued) [Published States do not add to United States total to avoid disclosure] State August September October November December 2012 Total 2011 Total (1,000 pounds)... at end of table 24 continued PoultrySlaughter 2012 Summary (February 2013) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Young Chickens, Number Condemned Post-Mortem by Cause and Month – States and United States: 2012 and 2011 Total (continued) [Published States do not add to United States total to avoid disclosure] State August September October November December 2012 Total 2011 Total (number head)... at end of table 26 continued PoultrySlaughter 2012 Summary (February 2013) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Young Chickens, Number Condemned Post-Mortem by Cause and Month – States and United States: 2012 and 2011 Total (continued) [Published States do not add to United States total to avoid disclosure] State August September October November December 2012 Total 2011 Total (number head)... end of table 28 continued PoultrySlaughter 2012 Summary (February 2013) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service Young Chickens, Number Condemned Post-Mortem by Cause and Month – States and United States: 2012 and 2011 Total (continued) [Published States do not add to United States total to avoid disclosure] State United States September October November December 2012 Total 2011 Total (number . 2159-7480
Poultry Slaughter
2012 Summary
February 2013
This page intentionally left blank
Poultry Slaughter.
Terms and Definitions Used for Poultry Slaughter Estimates 35
Information Contacts 35
4 Poultry Slaughter 2012 Summary (February 2013)
USDA,